|
Category: flavor and fragrance agents
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
| Appearance: | colorless to pale yellow liquid to solid (est) |
| Assay: | 96.00 to 100.00 %
|
| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | Yes |
| Specific Gravity: | 0.99500 to 1.01900 @ 25.00 °C.
|
| Pounds per Gallon - (est).: | 8.279 to 8.479
|
| Refractive Index: | 1.41700 to 1.42200 @ 20.00 °C.
|
| Melting Point: | 90.00 to 91.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
|
| Boiling Point: | 147.00 to 148.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
|
| Vapor Pressure: | 2.690000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. |
| Vapor Density: | 3.0 ( Air = 1 ) |
| Flash Point: | 113.00 °F. TCC ( 45.00 °C. )
|
| logP (o/w): | -0.360 |
| Shelf Life: | 12.00 month(s) or longer if stored properly. |
| Storage: | refrigerate in tightly sealed containers. |
| Soluble in: |
| | alcohol | | | propylene glycol | | | water, 1000000 mg/L @ 20 °C (exp) |
| Insoluble in: |
| | fixed oils |
| Similar Items: note |
| acetoin acetate |
| acetoin butyrate |
| acetoin propylene glycol acetal |
Organoleptic Properties:
| |
| Odor Type: buttery |
| |
| Odor Strength: | high , recommend smelling in a 1.00 % solution or less |
| |
| Substantivity: | 28 hour(s) at 100.00 % |
| |
| | sweet buttery creamy dairy milky fatty |
Odor Description: at 1.00 % in dipropylene glycol. | sweet buttery creamy dairy milky fatty Luebke, William tgsc, (2017) |
| |
| |
| Flavor Type: creamy |
| |
| | creamy dairy sweet oily milky buttery yogurt |
Taste Description:
| creamy dairy sweet oily milky buttery Luebke, William tgsc, (2017) |
| |
| Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
| |
| Advanced Biotech |
| ACETOIN LIQUID NATURAL 96% min. (liquid slurry) |
| Odor Description: | Dairy, butter, milk, yogurt |
| |
| PerfumersWorld |
| Acetoin |
| Odor Description: | sweet carmal creamy green butter dairy milk fatty buttery creamy sour fatty vanilla |
| |
| Taytonn ASCC |
| Acetoin |
| Odor Description: | Buttery, Caramellic/ Caramel, Creamy, Dairy Products |
| |
| Lluch Essence |
| ACETOIN |
| Odor Description: | CREAMY, SWEET, FATTY |
| |
| |
Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
| Advanced Biotech |
| ACETOIN LIQUID NATURAL
96% min. (liquid slurry) Odor: Dairy, butter, milk, yogurt |
| Advanced Biotech |
| ACETOIN LIQUID SYNTHETIC
96% min. Odor: Dairy, butter, milk, yogurt |
| Advanced Biotech |
| ACETOIN POWDER NATURAL
96% min. Odor: Dairy, butter, milk, yogurt |
| Advanced Biotech |
| ACETOIN POWDER SYNTHETIC
96% min. Odor: Dairy, butter, milk, yogurt |
| Ambles Nature et Chimie |
| ACETOINE NAT
|
| Anhui Haibei |
| Acetoin natural
Odor: Sweet carmal creamy green butter dairy milk fatty |
| Anhui Suzhou Jinli Aromatic Chemicals |
| Acetoin
|
| Apple Flavor & Fragrance |
| Acetoin Natural
|
| Apple Flavor & Fragrance |
| Acetoin,dimer Natural
|
| Apple Flavor & Fragrance |
| Acetoin,dimer
|
| Apple Flavor & Fragrance |
| Acetoin
|
| Augustus Oils |
| Acetyl Methyl Carbinol
|
| Services |
| Aurochemicals |
| ACETOIN, Natural (Liquid)
|
| Aurochemicals |
| ACETOIN, Natural (Powder)
|
| Axxence Aromatic |
| ACETOIN Natural
Kosher |
| Sustainability |
| Beijing Lys Chemicals |
| Acetoin
|
| Berjé |
| Acetoin
|
| Media |
| BeYonde |
| Acetoin V1
|
| BeYonde |
| Acetoin V2
|
| BeYonde |
| Natural Acetoin (EU)
|
| Charkit Chemical |
| ACETOIN FEMA 2008
|
| Charkit Chemical |
| ACETOIN LIQUID NATURAL FEMA 2008
|
| Citrus and Allied Essences |
| Acetoin 98/100% FCC
|
| Market Report |
| Citrus and Allied Essences |
| Acetoin Powder 98/100% FCC
|
| CJ Latta & Associates |
| ACETOIN
|
| De Monchy Aromatics |
| acetoin (powder)
|
| De Monchy Aromatics |
| acetoin 50% in MPG EU natural
Odor: sweet, Fatty, buttery, creamy, dairy, milky |
| De Monchy Aromatics |
| acetoin 50% in MPG
|
| De Monchy Aromatics |
| Acetoin
|
| Diffusions Aromatiques |
| ACETYL METHYL CARBINOL NATUREL
|
| Diffusions Aromatiques |
| ACETYLMETHYLCARBINOL
|
| ECSA Chemicals |
| ACETON 90%
|
| ECSA TRADE THE MOST UPDATED FINANCIAL PUBLICATION ON THE WORLD OF CHEMISTRY |
| Elan Inc. |
| acetoin
(natural), Kosher |
| Elan Inc. |
| acetoin
Kosher |
| Ernesto Ventós |
| ACETOIN 50% DPG
|
| Ernesto Ventós |
| ACETOIN 50% PG
|
| Ernesto Ventós |
| ACETYL METHYL CARBINOL BASF
Odor: BUTTER-LIKE Flavor: BUTTER-LIKE |
| Ernesto Ventós |
| ACETYL METHYL CARBINOL NATURAL
Odor: BUTTER-LIKE Flavor: BUTTER-LIKE |
| Ernesto Ventós |
| ACETYL METHYL CARBINOL
Odor: BUTTER-LIKE Flavor: BUTTER-LIKE |
| Excellentia International |
| Acetoin (Acetyl Methyl Carbinol) Natural
|
| FCI SAS |
| ACETOIN NATURAL EU
Odor: Cream like |
| Fleurchem |
| acetoin (acetyl methyl carbinol)
|
| Fleurchem |
| acetoin natural
|
| Global Essence |
| Acetoin Natural
|
| Grau Aromatics |
| ACETOIN
NI, Kosher |
| Indukern F&F |
| ACETOIN NATURAL
Odor: CREAMY, CARAMEL, SWEET, BUTTER |
| Indukern F&F |
| ACETOIN
Odor: CREAMY, CARAMEL, SWEET, BUTTER |
| Inoue Perfumery |
| ACETOIN
|
| Jiangyin Healthway |
| 3-Hydroxy-2-butanone ( Acetoin )
|
| New functional food ingredients |
| Jinan Enlighten Chemical Technology(Wutong Aroma ) |
| Acetoin, Kosherk
|
| K.L. Koh Enterprise |
| ACETOIN
|
| Kingchem Laboratories |
| ACETOIN SYNTH (3 HYDROXY 2 BUTANONE)
Odor: Cream |
| Kingchem Laboratories |
| ACETOIN, NATURAL
|
| Kun Shan P&A |
| Natural Acetoin ( Powder)
|
| Lluch Essence |
| ACETOIN NATURAL 96%
|
| Lluch Essence |
| ACETOIN
Odor: CREAMY, SWEET, FATTY |
| M&U International |
| Acetoin, Kosher
|
| M&U International |
| NAT.ACETYL METHYL CARBINOL(ACETOIN), Kosher
|
| Moellhausen |
| ACETOIN Natural
|
| Moellhausen |
| ACETOIN
Odor: sweet, butter, vanilla, fatty note |
| O'Laughlin Industries |
| ACETOIN NATURAL
|
| O'Laughlin Industries |
| ACETOIN POWDER NATURAL
|
| O'Laughlin Industries |
| ACETOIN POWDER
|
| O'Laughlin Industries |
| ACETOIN SYNTHETIC FCC
|
| O'Laughlin Industries |
| EU natural acetoin 70% in water
|
| OQEMA |
| 3-Hydroxy-2-butanone(Acetoin)
|
| OQEMA |
| Acetoin Liquid
|
| Pearlchem Corporation |
| Acetoin
|
| Penta International |
| ACETOIN 50% IN PROPYLENE GLYCOL
|
| Penta International |
| ACETOIN FCC GRADE
|
| Penta International |
| ACETOIN NATURAL (CONGEALED LIQUID)
|
| Penta International |
| ACETOIN NATURAL (POWDER)
|
| Penta International |
| ACETOIN SYNTHETIC (CONGEALED LIQUID)
|
| Penta International |
| ACETOIN SYNTHETIC POWDER
|
| PerfumersWorld |
| Acetoin 10% in DPG
|
| PerfumersWorld |
| Acetoin
Odor: sweet carmal creamy green butter dairy milk fatty buttery creamy sour fatty vanilla |
| Prodasynth |
| ACETYL METHYL CARBINOL
Odor: BUTTER-LIKE Flavor: BUTTER-LIKE |
| R C Treatt & Co Ltd |
| Acetoin
|
| Reincke & Fichtner |
| Acetoin natural
|
| Reincke & Fichtner |
| Acetoin
|
| Santa Cruz Biotechnology |
| For experimental / research use only. |
| Acetoin ≥97%
|
| Sigma-Aldrich |
| Acetoin, ≥96%, FCC, FG
Odor: butter; creamy |
| Certified Food Grade Products |
| Sigma-Aldrich |
| Acetoin, natural, ≥95%, FG
Odor: butter; creamy |
| Soda Aromatic |
| Acetoin
|
| SRS Aromatics |
| ACETOIN NATURAL
|
| SRS Aromatics |
| ACETOIN
Odor: Sweet, Buttery, Creamy, Dairy, Milky, Fatty |
| Sunaux International |
| Acetoin
|
| Sunaux International |
| nat.ACETYL METHYL CARBINOL
|
| Taytonn ASCC |
| Acetoin
Odor: Buttery, Caramellic/ Caramel, Creamy, Dairy Products |
| Taytonn ASCC |
| Natural Acetoin (AMC)
|
| TCI AMERICA |
| For experimental / research use only. |
| Acetoin (May exist as crystalline dimer) >98.0%(GC)
|
| Tengzhou Jitian Aroma Chemiclal |
| Acetoin
|
| Tengzhou Xiang Yuan Aroma Chemicals |
| 3-Hydroxy-2-Butanone(Acetoin)
|
| Ungerer & Company |
| Acetoin
|
| United International |
| 3-Hydroxy-2-Butanone(Acetoin) Nat.
|
| United International |
| 3-Hydroxy-2-Butanone(Acetoin)
|
| Vigon International |
| Acetoin (Acetyl Methyl Carbinol - 18 kg Open Head Plastic Pail)
|
| Vigon International |
| Acetoin (Acetyl Methyl Carbinol - 25 kg Steel Container)
|
| Vigon International |
| Acetoin (Acetyl Methyl Carbinol) Plastic Closed Head Pails
|
| Vigon International |
| Acetoin (Acetyl Methyl Carbinol) Plastic Closed Head Pails
Odor: Pleasant, buttery-oily, creamy-fatty |
| Vigon International |
| ACETYL METHYL CARBINOL 50% IN ETHYL ALCOHOL
|
| Vigon International |
| ACETYL METHYL CARBINOL NATURAL 50% IN ETOH
|
| Vigon International |
| ACETYL METHYL CARBINOL NATURAL 50% IN MCT
|
| WholeChem |
| Acetoin, Natural
|
| WholeChem |
| Acetoin
|
Safety Information:
| Preferred SDS: View |
| European information : |
| Most important hazard(s): | | Xi - Irritant |
R 10 - Flammable. R 36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system, and skin. S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children. S 16 - Keep away from sources of ignition - No Smoking. S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S 36/37/39 - Wear suitable clothing, gloves and eye/face protection.
|
| |
| Hazards identification |
| |
| Classification of the substance or mixture |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
Skin irritation (Category 2), H315 Eye irritation (Category 2A), H319
|
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
| |
| Pictogram |   |
| |
| Signal word | Warning |
| Hazard statement(s) |
H228 - Flammable solid H315 - Causes skin irritation H319 - Causes serious eye irritation
|
| Precautionary statement(s) |
P210 - Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. — No smoking. P240 - Ground/bond container and receiving equipment. P241 - Use explosion-proof electrical/ventilating/lighting/…/equipment. P264 - Wash skin thouroughly after handling. P280 - Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. P302 + P352 - IF ON SKIN: wash with plenty of soap and water. P305 + P351 + P338 - IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. P332 + P313 - IF SKIN irritation occurs: Get medical advice/attention. P337 + P313 - IF eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention. P362 - Take off contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. P370 + P378 - In case of fire: Use dry sand, dry chemical or alcohol-resistant foam for extinction.
|
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
oral-rat LD50 > 5000 mg/kg (Moreno, 1977d)
oral-rat LD50 > 5000 mg/kg Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 17, Pg. 509, 1979.
|
| Dermal Toxicity: |
skin-rabbit LD50 > 5000 mg/kg Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 17, Pg. 509, 1979.
|
| Inhalation Toxicity: |
|
Not determined
|
Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | flavor and fragrance agents |
| RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search |
| IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice |
| Recommendation for acetoin usage levels up to: | | | 0.0300 % in the fragrance concentrate.
|
| |
| Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU): | 2300.00 (μg/capita/day) |
| Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). |
| The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library |
| publication number: 3 |
| Click here to view publication 3 |
| | average usual ppm | average maximum ppm |
| baked goods: | - | 32.00000 |
| beverages(nonalcoholic): | - | 7.40000 |
| beverages(alcoholic): | - | - |
| breakfast cereal: | - | - |
| cheese: | - | - |
| chewing gum: | - | - |
| condiments / relishes: | - | - |
| confectionery froastings: | - | - |
| egg products: | - | - |
| fats / oils: | 0.80000 | 50.00000 |
| fish products: | - | - |
| frozen dairy: | - | 3.30000 |
| fruit ices: | - | 3.30000 |
| gelatins / puddings: | 0.60000 | 21.00000 |
| granulated sugar: | - | - |
| gravies: | - | - |
| hard candy: | - | 18.00000 |
| imitation dairy: | - | - |
| instant coffee / tea: | - | - |
| jams / jellies: | - | - |
| meat products: | - | - |
| milk products: | - | 7.00000 |
| nut products: | - | - |
| other grains: | - | - |
| poultry: | - | - |
| processed fruits: | - | - |
| processed vegetables: | - | - |
| reconstituted vegetables: | - | - |
| seasonings / flavors: | - | - |
| snack foods: | - | - |
| soft candy: | - | - |
| soups: | - | - |
| sugar substitutes: | - | - |
| sweet sauces: | - | - |
Safety References:
| European Food Safety Athority(EFSA): | Flavor usage levels; Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic and Carcinogenicity Studies; Developmental / Reproductive Toxicity Studies; Genotoxicity Studies... |
| European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s): |
Opinion of the Scientific Panel on food additives, flavourings, processing aids and materials in contact with food (AFC) related to Flavouring Group Evaluation 11 (FGE.11): Aliphatic dialcohols, diketones, and hydroxyketones from chemical group 10 (Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 of 18 July 2000) View page or View pdf |
Flavouring Group Evaluation 11, Revision 1 (FGE.11Rev1) - Aliphatic dialcohols, diketones, and hydroxyketones from chemical group 10 - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in contact with Food (AFC) View page or View pdf |
Safety and efficacy of secondary aliphatic saturated or unsaturated alcohols, ketones, ketals and esters with a second secondary or tertiary oxygenated functional group belonging to chemical group 10 when used as flavourings for all animal species View page or View pdf |
| EPI System: | View |
| Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System: | Search |
| AIDS Citations: | Search |
| Cancer Citations: | Search |
| Toxicology Citations: | Search |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA): | 513-86-0 |
| EPA ACToR: | Toxicology Data |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS): | Registry |
| Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary : | 179 |
| National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: | Data |
| WISER: | UN 2621 |
| WGK Germany: | 1 |
| | 3-hydroxybutan-2-one |
| Chemidplus: | 0000513860 |
| EPA/NOAA CAMEO: | hazardous materials |
| RTECS: | EL8790000 for cas# 513-86-0 |
References:
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
| |
| For Odor |
| No odor group found for these |
| | butter starter distillates | FL/FR |
|
| | sulfuryl decanoate | FL/FR |
| acidic |
| iso | butyric acid | FL/FR |
| 2- | methyl butyric acid | FL/FR |
| aldehydic |
| | acetyl nonyryl | FL/FR |
| animal |
| | costus valerolactone | FR |
| anisic |
| para- | anisaldehyde | FL/FR |
| balsamic |
| 2- | acetyl furan | FL/FR |
| siam | benzoin resinoid | FL/FR |
| | benzyl cinnamate | FL/FR |
| | cinnamyl benzoate | FL/FR |
| | ethyl cinnamate | FL/FR |
| | methyl (E)-cinnamate | FL/FR |
| 3- | phenyl propyl alcohol | FL/FR |
| berry |
| | raspberry ketone | FL/FR |
| bready |
| | coffee furanone | FL/FR |
| buttery |
| | acetoin dimer | FL/FR |
| | acetoin propylene glycol acetal | FL/FR |
| | acetyl butyryl | FL/FR |
| | acetyl isobutyryl | FL/FR |
| | acetyl propionyl | FL/FR |
| | apple butter fragrance | FR |
| | butter cream fragrance | FR |
| | butter fragrance | FR |
| | butter oil CO2 extract | FL/FR |
| | butyl butyryl lactate | FL/FR |
| iso | butyl lactate | FL/FR |
| | butyl octanoate | FL/FR |
| 2,3- | heptane dione | FL/FR |
| 3,4- | hexane dione | FL/FR |
| caramellic |
| | butterscotch fragrance | FR |
| | cyclotene | FL/FR |
| alpha,alpha- | dimethyl anisyl acetone | FL/FR |
| | ethyl maltol | FL/FR |
| | levulinic acid | FL/FR |
| | maltol | FL/FR |
| | strawberry furanone | FL/FR |
| cheesy |
| | butyric acid | FL/FR |
| 2- | methyl hexanoic acid | FL/FR |
| 2- | methyl valeric acid | FL/FR |
| iso | valeric acid | FL/FR |
| chocolate |
| iso | amyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| | chocolate pyrazine A | FL/FR |
| | theobroma cacao seed oil CO2 extract | FR |
| citrus |
| | bergamot oil bergaptene reduced italy | FL/FR |
| blood | orange oil italy | FL/FR |
| sweet | orange peel oil c.p. brazil | FL/FR |
| cocoa |
| | cocoa butter fragrance | FR |
| coconut |
| | coconut decanone methyl | FR |
| | cocos nucifera fruit oil CO2 extract | FR |
| delta- | decalactone | FL/FR |
| gamma- | heptalactone | FL/FR |
| delta- | nonalactone | FL/FR |
| (R)-gamma- | nonalactone | FL/FR |
| gamma- | nonalactone (aldehyde C-18 (so-called)) | FL/FR |
| gamma- | octalactone | FL/FR |
| delta- | undecalactone | FL/FR |
| coumarinic |
| epsilon- | decalactone | FL/FR |
| 2,3- | butane diol | FR |
| | cream fragrance | FR |
| | cyclotene propionate | FL/FR |
| (Z)-gamma- | jasmolactone | FR |
| delta- | tridecalactone | FL/FR |
| para- | vanillic acid | FL/FR |
| | waxy lactone | FL/FR |
| trans-2- | hydroxy-3,4,5-trimethyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one | |
| | methyl butyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| | milk fragrance | FR |
| earthy |
| 3- | octanol | FL/FR |
| ethereal |
| iso | valeraldehyde propylene glycol acetal | FL/FR |
| fatty |
| | butter esters | FL/FR |
| | butyl undecylenate | FL/FR |
| (Z)- | dairy lactone | FL/FR |
| 7- | decen-4-olide | FL/FR |
| (Z)- | ethyl oleate | FL/FR |
| delta- | juniper lactone | FL/FR |
| 4- | methyl octanoic acid | FL/FR |
| fermented |
| | butyl laevo-lactate | FL/FR |
| floral |
| | acetophenone | FL/FR |
| para- | anisyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| | benzyl acetate | FL/FR |
| | benzyl lactate | FL/FR |
| | bois de rose oil brazil | FL/FR |
| | coriander seed oil | FL/FR |
| | cyclamen aldehyde | FL/FR |
| | dimethyl anthranilate | FL/FR |
| (±)-4- | ethyl octanal | FL/FR |
| | floral pyranol | FR |
| | geraniol | FL/FR |
| | geranyl acetate | FL/FR |
| | heliotropin | FL/FR |
| | heliotropyl acetone | FL/FR |
| (Z)-3- | hexen-1-yl salicylate | FL/FR |
| | hexenyl cyclopentanone | FR |
| | hydroxycitronellal | FL/FR |
| | jasmin pyranone | FL/FR |
| | leerall | FR |
| | linalool | FL/FR |
| laevo- | linalool | FL/FR |
| | linalool oxide | FL/FR |
| | linalyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| para- | methyl acetophenone | FL/FR |
| | methyl dihydrojasmonate | FL/FR |
| | nerol | FL/FR |
| | ocean propanal | FL/FR |
| | phenethyl acetate | FL/FR |
| | phenethyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| | rose butanoate | FL/FR |
| | tetrahydrolinalool | FL/FR |
| fruity |
| | acetoin acetate | FL/FR |
| 1- | acetoxyacetone | FL/FR |
| | amyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| | banana pudding fragrance | FR |
| | benzyl propionate | FL/FR |
| (S)-delta- | decalactone | FL/FR |
| gamma- | decalactone | FL/FR |
| gamma- | dodecalactone | FL/FR |
| | ethyl lactate | FL/FR |
| 2- | methyl butyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| (±)-3- | methyl-gamma-decalactone | FL/FR |
| 2- | nonanone | FL/FR |
| | propylene glycol dibutyrate | |
| | sorbyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| | strawberry furanone butyrate | FL/FR |
| green |
| | butyl lactate | FL/FR |
| (Z)-4- | heptenal | FL/FR |
| (Z)-4- | heptenal diethyl acetal | FL/FR |
| (Z)-3- | hexen-1-yl benzoate | FL/FR |
| (Z)-3- | hexen-1-yl butyrate | FL/FR |
| | hexyl 2-methyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| (E,Z)-2,6- | nonadienal | FL/FR |
| (E)-2- | octen-1-ol | FL/FR |
| 2- | octen-1-ol | FL/FR |
| | syringaldehyde | FL/FR |
| hay |
| | beeswax absolute | FL/FR |
| | herbal ketone | FR |
| | linalyl acetate | FL/FR |
| marine |
| | marine pyridine | FR |
| melon |
| (Z)-6- | nonen-1-yl acetate | FL/FR |
| (Z)-6- | nonenal | FL/FR |
| | watermelon ketone | FR |
| mushroom |
| 1- | octen-3-yl butyrate | FL/FR |
| | filbert heptenone | FL/FR |
| (-)-(E,R)- | filbertone | FL/FR |
| | hazelnut fragrance | FR |
| 2,6- | lutidine | FL/FR |
| oily |
| | butter acids | FL/FR |
| plastic |
| 1- | phenyl-1,2-propane dione | FL/FR |
| soapy |
| | ethyl undecanoate | FL/FR |
| spicy |
| | allspice oil | FL/FR |
| | cassia bark oil china | FL/FR |
| | clove bud oil | FL/FR |
| alpha- | methyl cinnamaldehyde | FL/FR |
| terpenic |
| alpha- | terpineol | FL/FR |
| tonka |
| gamma- | hexalactone | FL/FR |
| | octahydrocoumarin | FL/FR |
| | tonka bean absolute | FR |
| tropical |
| delta- | dodecalactone | FL/FR |
| | glyceryl 5-hydroxydecanoate | FL/FR |
| | glyceryl 5-hydroxydodecanoate | FL/FR |
| 3- | nonen-4-olide | FL/FR |
| | ethyl vanillin | FL/FR |
| | vanilla bean absolute (vanilla planifolia) | FL/FR |
| | vanillin propylene glycol acetal | FL/FR |
| | vanillyl acetate | FL/FR |
| | vanillyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| waxy |
| | butyl laurate | FL/FR |
| 5(6)- | decenoic acid | FL/FR |
| | ethyl laurate | FL/FR |
| | ethyl octanoate | FL/FR |
| | nonanoic acid | FL/FR |
| (E)-2- | octen-1-yl butyrate | FL/FR |
| delta- | tetradecalactone | FL/FR |
| woody |
| | amber carbinol | FR |
| | santall | FR |
| (Z)- | woody amylene | FR |
| |
| For Flavor |
| |
| No flavor group found for these |
| 1- | acetoxyacetone | FL/FR |
| | amyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| | benzyl lactate | FL/FR |
| | butter nut rum flavor | FL |
| | butyl octanoate | FL/FR |
| | chocolate pyrazine A | FL/FR |
| | cinnamyl benzoate | FL/FR |
| | cyclotene propionate | FL/FR |
| (S)-delta- | decalactone | FL/FR |
| 7- | decen-4-olide | FL/FR |
| 6- | decenoic acid | FL |
| alpha,alpha- | dimethyl anisyl acetone | FL/FR |
| | ethyl butyryl lactate | FL |
| (±)-4- | ethyl octanal | FL/FR |
| trans-2- | hydroxy-3,4,5-trimethyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one | |
| | methyl (E)-cinnamate | FL/FR |
| 3-( | methyl thio) hexanal | FL |
| S- | methyl thiopropionate | FL |
| (R)-gamma- | nonalactone | FL/FR |
| 3- | nonen-4-olide | FL/FR |
| 4,5- | octane dione | FL |
| (E)-2- | octen-1-yl butyrate | FL/FR |
| | propylene glycol dibutyrate | |
| | sulfuryl decanoate | FL/FR |
| acidic |
| iso | butyric acid | FL/FR |
| | levulinic acid | FL/FR |
| aldehydic |
| | acetyl nonyryl | FL/FR |
| anisic |
| para- | anisyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| balsamic |
| siam | benzoin resinoid | FL/FR |
| | ethyl cinnamate | FL/FR |
| berry |
| | berries & cream flavor | FL |
| | heliotropyl acetone | FL/FR |
| | raspberry ketone | FL/FR |
| bitter |
| | glyceryl tributyrate | FL |
| bready |
| | mango furanone | FL |
| brown |
| | beeswax absolute | FL/FR |
| buttery |
| | acetoin propylene glycol acetal | FL/FR |
| | apple butter flavor | FL |
| | bovolide | FL |
| | butter almond flavor | FL |
| | butter brickle flavor | FL |
| | butter cream frosting flavor | FL |
| | butter crème flavor | FL |
| | butter enhancers | FL |
| creamy | butter flavor | FL |
| | butter flavor | FL |
| brown | butter flavor | FL |
| sweet | butter flavor | FL |
| | butter honey flavor | FL |
| | butter lemon flavor | FL |
| | butter maple flavor | FL |
| | butter nut vanilla flavor | FL |
| | butter oil CO2 extract | FL/FR |
| | butter onion garlic flavor | FL |
| | butter pecan flavor | FL |
| | butter praline flavor | FL |
| | butter starter distillates | FL/FR |
| | butter toffee flavor | FL |
| | butter vanilla nut flavor | FL |
| iso | butyl lactate | FL/FR |
| | butyl laevo-lactate | FL/FR |
| | butyroin | FL |
| | diacetyl | FL |
| | ghee flavor | FL |
| 2,3- | heptane dione | FL/FR |
| 3,4- | hexane dione | FL/FR |
| 2- | methyl valeric acid | FL/FR |
| (E)-2- | pentenoic acid | FL |
| caramellic |
| | butter caramel flavor | FL |
| | butter rum toffee flavor | FL |
| | butterscotch cream flavor | FL |
| | butterscotch flavor | FL |
| | butterscotch toffee flavor | FL |
| | caramel cream flavor | FL |
| | caramel furanone | FL |
| | creme brulee flavor | FL |
| | cyclotene | FL/FR |
| | ethyl maltol | FL/FR |
| | maltol | FL/FR |
| 3- | methyl butyl 2-furyl butyrate | FL |
| 1- | phenyl-1,2-propane dione | FL/FR |
| | pyruvaldehyde | FL |
| | strawberry furanone | FL/FR |
| cheesy |
| cheddar | cheese flavor | FL |
| blue | cheese flavor | FL |
| | cheese flavor | FL |
| 2- | nonanone | FL/FR |
| iso | valeric acid | FL/FR |
| cherry |
| | heliotropin | FL/FR |
| chocolate |
| | chocolate butter cream flavor | FL |
| citrus |
| | bergamot oil bergaptene reduced italy | FL/FR |
| | butter lemon orange flavor | FL |
| | linalool | FL/FR |
| laevo- | linalool | FL/FR |
| | nerol | FL/FR |
| blood | orange oil italy | FL/FR |
| sweet | orange peel oil c.p. brazil | FL/FR |
| alpha- | terpineol | FL/FR |
| cocoa |
| | syringaldehyde | FL/FR |
| delta- | decalactone | FL/FR |
| gamma- | nonalactone (aldehyde C-18 (so-called)) | FL/FR |
| | octahydrocoumarin | FL/FR |
| creamy |
| | acetoin butyrate | FL |
| | acetyl butyryl | FL/FR |
| | acetyl ethyl carbinol | FL |
| | acetyl isobutyryl | FL/FR |
| para- | anisaldehyde | FL/FR |
| | butter esters | FL/FR |
| | butter fat enzyme modified with added butyric acid | FL |
| | butyl butyryl lactate | FL/FR |
| | cream | FL |
| | cream enhancers | FL |
| | custard flavor | FL |
| 5(6)- | decenoic acid | FL/FR |
| 5,5- | dibutyl dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | FL |
| | divanillin | FL |
| delta- | dodecalactone | FL/FR |
| | glyceryl 5-hydroxydecanoate | FL/FR |
| | glyceryl 5-hydroxydodecanoate | FL/FR |
| gamma- | hexalactone | FL/FR |
| | jasmin pyranone | FL/FR |
| para- | methyl acetophenone | FL/FR |
| delta- | nonalactone | FL/FR |
| delta- | tridecalactone | FL/FR |
| delta- | undecalactone | FL/FR |
| para- | vanillic acid | FL/FR |
| | waxy lactone | FL/FR |
| dairy |
| | acetoin dimer | FL/FR |
| | buttermilk flavor | FL |
| | cream flavor | FL |
| | methyl butyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| | milk flavor | FL |
| 4- | pentenoic acid | FL |
| fatty |
| | butter acids | FL/FR |
| (Z)- | dairy lactone | FL/FR |
| | diacetyl trimer | FL |
| (Z)- | ethyl oleate | FL/FR |
| (Z)-3- | hexen-1-yl benzoate | FL/FR |
| delta- | juniper lactone | FL/FR |
| 4- | methyl octanoic acid | FL/FR |
| | nonanoic acid | FL/FR |
| (E)-2- | octen-1-ol | FL/FR |
| 2- | octen-1-ol | FL/FR |
| 2,4- | undecadienal | FL |
| (E,E)-2,4- | undecadienal | FL |
| fermented |
| | methyl thio isovalerate | FL |
| floral |
| iso | amyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| | bois de rose oil brazil | FL/FR |
| | geraniol | FL/FR |
| | linalyl acetate | FL/FR |
| | linalyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| | methyl dihydrojasmonate | FL/FR |
| | ocean propanal | FL/FR |
| | tetrahydrolinalool | FL/FR |
| fruity |
| | acetoin acetate | FL/FR |
| | acetyl isovaleryl | FL |
| | apricot cream flavor | FL |
| | banana custard flavor | FL |
| | banana nut cream flavor | FL |
| | banana split flavor | FL |
| | benzyl acetate | FL/FR |
| | benzyl propionate | FL/FR |
| | blueberry cheesecake flavor | FL |
| | cherry cream flavor | FL |
| gamma- | decalactone | FL/FR |
| | dimethyl anthranilate | FL/FR |
| gamma- | dodecalactone | FL/FR |
| | ethyl lactate | FL/FR |
| 2- | methyl butyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| 2- | methyl butyric acid | FL/FR |
| | rose butanoate | FL/FR |
| | sorbyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| | strawberry furanone butyrate | FL/FR |
| iso | valeraldehyde propylene glycol acetal | FL/FR |
| green |
| | butyl lactate | FL/FR |
| | cyclamen aldehyde | FL/FR |
| | geranyl acetate | FL/FR |
| | heptanal 2,3-butane diol acetal | FL |
| (Z)-4- | heptenal | FL/FR |
| (Z)-4- | heptenal diethyl acetal | FL/FR |
| (Z)-3- | hexen-1-yl butyrate | FL/FR |
| (Z)-3- | hexen-1-yl salicylate | FL/FR |
| | hexyl 2-methyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| | linalool oxide | FL/FR |
| (E,Z)-2,6- | nonadienal | FL/FR |
| (Z)-6- | nonen-1-yl acetate | FL/FR |
| (Z)-6- | nonenal | FL/FR |
| 2,3- | octane dione | FL |
| herbal |
| | coriander seed oil | FL/FR |
| 5- | hydroxymethyl furfural | FL |
| | massoia bark oil | FL |
| honey |
| | phenethyl acetate | FL/FR |
| | phenethyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| lactonic |
| gamma- | heptalactone | FL/FR |
| gamma- | octalactone | FL/FR |
| milky |
| 6-(5(6)- | decenoyl oxy) decanoic acid | FL |
| mushroom |
| 1- | octen-3-yl butyrate | FL/FR |
| musty |
| 3- | octanol | FL/FR |
| nutty |
| 2- | acetyl furan | FL/FR |
| | almond butter flavor | FL |
| | butter pecan cake flavor | FL |
| | coffee furanone | FL/FR |
| | filbert heptenone | FL/FR |
| (-)-(E,R)- | filbertone | FL/FR |
| | hazelnut flavor | FL |
| | hazelnut paste | FL |
| 2,6- | lutidine | FL/FR |
| | macadamia nut flavor | FL |
| oily |
| 2- | methyl hexanoic acid | FL/FR |
| powdery |
| | acetophenone | FL/FR |
| seafood |
| | caviar flavor | FL |
| solvent |
| 2- | ethyl furan | FL |
| sour |
| | butyric acid | FL/FR |
| spicy |
| | allspice oil | FL/FR |
| | benzyl cinnamate | FL/FR |
| spiced | butter rum flavor | FL |
| | cassia bark oil china | FL/FR |
| | cinnamon butter flavor | FL |
| | cinnamon butter pecan flavor | FL |
| | cinnamon nut butter rum flavor | FL |
| | clove bud oil | FL/FR |
| alpha- | methyl cinnamaldehyde | FL/FR |
| 3- | phenyl propyl alcohol | FL/FR |
| sweet |
| | dulce de leche flavor | FL |
| | honey distillates | FL |
| | vanilla butter nut flavor | FL |
| toasted |
| | acetyl propionyl | FL/FR |
| tropical |
| S- | methyl 4-methyl pentane thioate | FL |
| vanilla |
| | ethyl vanillin | FL/FR |
| vanilla | ice cream flavor | FL |
| | vanilla bean absolute (vanilla planifolia) | FL/FR |
| | vanillin propylene glycol acetal | FL/FR |
| | vanillyl acetate | FL/FR |
| | vanillyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| waxy |
| | butyl laurate | FL/FR |
| | butyl undecylenate | FL/FR |
| epsilon- | decalactone | FL/FR |
| | ethyl laurate | FL/FR |
| | ethyl octanoate | FL/FR |
| | ethyl undecanoate | FL/FR |
| | hydroxycitronellal | FL/FR |
| (±)-3- | methyl-gamma-decalactone | FL/FR |
| delta- | tetradecalactone | FL/FR |
| winey |
| 5- | ethyl-2-methyl pyridine | FL |
| |
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| | acethoin | | 2- | acetoin | | | acetoin (acetyl methyl carbinol) | | | acetoin (natural) | | | acetoin 85% in water | | | acetoin 98/100% FCC | | | acetoin liquid natural | | | acetoin liquid synthetic | | | acetoin natural | | | acetoin powder | | | acetoin powder 98/100% FCC | | | acetoin powder natural | | | acetoin powder synthetic | | | acetoin synth (3 hydroxy 2 butanone) | | | acetoin, natural | | | acetoin, natural (congealed liquid) | | | acetoin, natural (powder) | | | acetoin, synthetic (congealed liquid) FCC | | | acetoin, synthetic powder FCC | | | acetoin,dimer | | | acetoin,dimer natural | | | acetyl methyl carbinol | | | acetyl methyl carbinol natural | | nat. | acetyl methyl carbinol(acetoin) | | | acetylmethylcarbinol | | | butan-2-one, 3-hydroxy- | | 2- | butanol-3-one | | 2,3- | butanolone | | 2- | butanone, 3-hydroxy- | | | dimethyl ketol | | | dimethylketol | | | helio-bouquet | | 3- | hydroxy-2-butanone | | 2- | hydroxy-3-butanone | | 2- | hydroxy-3-oxobutane | | gamma- | hydroxy-beta-oxobutane | | 3- | hydroxybutan-2-one | | 1- | hydroxyethyl methyl ketone | | | methyl acetyl carbinol |
Articles:
| PubMed: | Reduction of the Off-Flavor Volatile Generated by the Yogurt Starter Culture Including Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus in Soymilk. |
| PubMed: | Engineering Bacillus subtilis for acetoin production from glucose and xylose mixtures. |
| PubMed: | An efficient method using Gluconacetobacter europaeus to reduce an unfavorable flavor compound, acetoin, in rice vinegar production. |
| PubMed: | New insights into Lactococcus lactis diacetyl- and acetoin-producing strains isolated from diverse origins. |
| PubMed: | Diacetyl levels and volatile profiles of commercial starter distillates and selected dairy foods. |
| PubMed: | Volatile flavor compounds in yogurt: a review. |
| PubMed: | Two strains of nonstarter lactobacilli increased the production of flavor compounds in soft cheeses. |
| PubMed: | Ghanaian cocoa bean fermentation characterized by spectroscopic and chromatographic methods and chemometrics. |
| PubMed: | Diacetyl and acetoin production from whey permeate using engineered Lactobacillus casei. |
| PubMed: | [Determination of major flavor components in chinese spirits using a special domestic gas chromatograph with DNP packed column]. |
| PubMed: | Proteolysis, volatile compounds, and sensory evaluation in Hispánico cheese manufactured with the addition of a thermophilic adjunct culture, nisin, and calcium alginate-nisin microparticles. |
| PubMed: | Organic acids and volatile flavor components evolved during refrigerated storage of kefir. |
| PubMed: | Volatile flavor components of rice cakes. |
| PubMed: | Comparative Assessment of Factors Involved in Acetoin Synthesis by Bacillus subtilis 168. |
| PubMed: | An efficient method using Gluconacetobacter europaeus to reduce an unfavorable flavor compound, acetoin, in rice vinegar production. |
| PubMed: | New insights into Lactococcus lactis diacetyl- and acetoin-producing strains isolated from diverse origins. |
| PubMed: | Diacetyl levels and volatile profiles of commercial starter distillates and selected dairy foods. |
| PubMed: | Complete genome sequence of Corynebacterium variabile DSM 44702 isolated from the surface of smear-ripened cheeses and insights into cheese ripening and flavor generation. |
| PubMed: | Ghanaian cocoa bean fermentation characterized by spectroscopic and chromatographic methods and chemometrics. |
| PubMed: | Proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry monitoring of the evolution of volatile compounds during lactic acid fermentation of milk. |
| PubMed: | Flying the fly: long-range flight behavior of Drosophila melanogaster to attractive odors. |
| PubMed: | Diacetyl and acetoin production from whey permeate using engineered Lactobacillus casei. |
| PubMed: | Engineering of 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase to reduce acetoin formation by glycerol-overproducing, low-alcohol Saccharomyces cerevisiae. |
| PubMed: | Modeling and experimental studies on intermittent starch feeding and citrate addition in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of starch to flavor compounds. |
| PubMed: | [Determination of major flavor components in chinese spirits using a special domestic gas chromatograph with DNP packed column]. |
| PubMed: | Genetic organization and expression of citrate permease in lactic acid bacteria. |
| PubMed: | Proteolysis, volatile compounds, and sensory evaluation in Hispánico cheese manufactured with the addition of a thermophilic adjunct culture, nisin, and calcium alginate-nisin microparticles. |
| PubMed: | Citrate metabolism by Enterococcus faecalis FAIR-E 229. |
| PubMed: | Volatile flavor components of rice cakes. |
| PubMed: | Characterization of volatile compounds from the reaction of 3-hydroxy-2-butanone and ammonium sulfide model system. |
| PubMed: | Genetic manipulation of the pathway for diacetyl metabolism in Lactococcus lactis. |
| PubMed: | Diacetyl formation by lactic bacteria. |
| PubMed: | Characterization of Plasmid Deoxyribonucleic Acid in Streptococcus lactis subsp. diacetylactis: Evidence for Plasmid-Linked Citrate Utilization. |
| PubMed: | [The quantitative composition of natural and technologically changed aromas of plants. IV. Enzymic and thermal reaction products formed during the processing of tomatoes (author's transl)]. |
| PubMed: | Optimisation of ultrasound-assisted reverse micelles dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction by Box-Behnken design for determination of acetoin in butter followed by high performance liquid chromatography. |
| PubMed: | 2,3-Butanediol production from cellobiose by engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae. |
| PubMed: | Drosophila adult and larval pheromones modulate larval food choice. |
| PubMed: | Enhancement of acetoin production in Candida glabrata by in silico-aided metabolic engineering. |
| PubMed: | Characterizing and authenticating Montilla-Moriles PDO vinegars using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) technology. |
| PubMed: | Reduction of the off-flavor volatile generated by the yogurt starter culture including Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus in soymilk. |
| PubMed: | Oxidation of metabolites highlights the microbial interactions and role of Acetobacter pasteurianus during cocoa bean fermentation. |
| PubMed: | Engineering of carboligase activity reaction in Candida glabrata for acetoin production. |
| PubMed: | Characterization of plant-derived lactococci on the basis of their volatile compounds profile when grown in milk. |
| PubMed: | Optimization of fermentation medium for acetoin production by Bacillus subtilis SF4-3 using statistical methods. |
| PubMed: | 2,3-butanediol production from starch by engineered Klebsiella pneumoniae G31-A. |
| PubMed: | NAD-dependent lactate dehydrogenase catalyses the first step in respiratory utilization of lactate by Lactococcus lactis. |
| PubMed: | A comparative analysis of the influence of human salivary enzymes on odorant concentration in three palm wines. |
| PubMed: | Indigenous yeast population from Georgian aged wines produced by traditional "Kakhetian" method. |
| PubMed: | Popcorn flavoring effects on reactivity of rat airways in vivo and in vitro. |
| PubMed: | Moderate expression of the transcriptional regulator ALsR enhances acetoin production by Bacillus subtilis. |
| PubMed: | Quality changes during storage of cooked and sliced meat products measured with PTR-MS and HS-GC-MS. |
| PubMed: | Isolation of acetoin-producing Bacillus strains from Japanese traditional food-natto. |
| PubMed: | A four-component synthetic attractant for Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) isolated from fermented bait headspace. |
| PubMed: | Pectinatus sottacetonis sp. nov., isolated from a commercial pickle spoilage tank. |
| PubMed: | Sweet wine production by two osmotolerant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. |
| PubMed: | Improved sample preparation and rapid UHPLC analysis of SO2 binding carbonyls in wine by derivatisation to 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. |
| PubMed: | How does Listeria monocytogenes combat acid conditions? |
| PubMed: | Monitoring the effect of high pressure and transglutaminase treatment of milk on the evolution of flavour compounds during lactic acid fermentation using PTR-ToF-MS. |
| PubMed: | Aroma profile of Garnacha Tintorera-based sweet wines by chromatographic and sensorial analyses. |
| PubMed: | Inoculation of Treixadura musts with autochthonous Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains: fermentative performance and influence on the wine characteristics. |
| PubMed: | Precursor supply strategy for tetramethylpyrazine production by bacillus subtilis on solid-state fermentation of wheat bran. |
| PubMed: | New insights into Lactococcus lactis diacetyl- and acetoin-producing strains isolated from diverse origins. |
| PubMed: | Investigation of spoilage in saveloy samples inoculated with four potential spoilage bacteria. |
| PubMed: | Impact of perceptive interactions on red wine fruity aroma. |
| PubMed: | Significance of heme-based respiration in meat spoilage caused by Leuconostoc gasicomitatum. |
| PubMed: | Streptococcus danieliae sp. nov., a novel bacterium isolated from the caecum of a mouse. |
| PubMed: | Volatile composition of partially fermented wines elaborated from sun dried Pedro Ximénez grapes. |
| PubMed: | A 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase from Paenibacillus polymyxa ZJ-9 for mainly producing R,R-2,3-butanediol: purification, characterization and cloning. |
| PubMed: | Malolactic fermentation and secondary metabolite production by Oenoccocus oeni strains in low pH wines. |
| PubMed: | Simultaneous production of isopropanol, butanol, ethanol and 2,3-butanediol by Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 engineered strains. |
| PubMed: | Removal of pathogenic factors from 2,3-butanediol-producing Klebsiella species by inactivating virulence-related wabG gene. |
| PubMed: | Metabolic engineering of Bacillus subtilis for enhanced production of acetoin. |
| PubMed: | Cloning, expression and characterization of meso-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase from Klebsiella pneumoniae. |
| PubMed: | Aroma chemical composition of red wines from different price categories and its relationship to quality. |
| PubMed: | Discrimination of Chinese vinegars based on headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography mass spectrometry of volatile compounds and multivariate analysis. |
| PubMed: | Transfer and subsequent growth and metabolism of Lactobacillus plantarum in orange juice medium during storage at 4 and 30°C. |
| PubMed: | Amino acids and volatile compounds in wines from Cabernet Sauvignon and Tempranillo varieties subjected to malolactic fermentation in barrels. |
| PubMed: | Diacetyl levels and volatile profiles of commercial starter distillates and selected dairy foods. |
| PubMed: | Complete genome sequence of Corynebacterium variabile DSM 44702 isolated from the surface of smear-ripened cheeses and insights into cheese ripening and flavor generation. |
| PubMed: | Identification of chemical markers for the sensory shelf-life of saveloy. |
| PubMed: | Monitoring of microbial metabolites and bacterial diversity in beef stored under different packaging conditions. |
| PubMed: | Spoilage-related activity of Carnobacterium maltaromaticum strains in air-stored and vacuum-packed meat. |
| PubMed: | The transcriptional response of Listeria monocytogenes during adaptation to growth on lactate and diacetate includes synergistic changes that increase fermentative acetoin production. |
| PubMed: | Mechanism of citrate metabolism by an oxaloacetate decarboxylase-deficient mutant of Lactococcus lactis IL1403. |
| PubMed: | Enterococcus populations in artisanal Manchego cheese: biodiversity, technological and safety aspects. |
| PubMed: | Functional milk beverage fortified with phenolic compounds extracted from olive vegetation water, and fermented with functional lactic acid bacteria. |
| PubMed: | Ligustrazine formation in Zhenjiang aromatic vinegar: changes during fermentation and storing process. |
| PubMed: | Integrated regulation of acetoin fermentation by quorum sensing and pH in Serratia plymuthica RVH1. |
| PubMed: | Transcriptome, proteome, and metabolite analyses of a lactate dehydrogenase-negative mutant of Enterococcus faecalis V583. |
| PubMed: | Identification and measurement of diacetyl substitutes in dry bakery mix production. |
| PubMed: | Sensorically and antimicrobially active metabolite production of Lactobacillus strains on Jerusalem artichoke juice. |
| PubMed: | Two strains of nonstarter lactobacilli increased the production of flavor compounds in soft cheeses. |
| PubMed: | Exploitation of Acha (Digitaria exiliis) and Iburu (Digitaria iburua) flours: chemical characterization and their use for sourdough fermentation. |
| PubMed: | Ghanaian cocoa bean fermentation characterized by spectroscopic and chromatographic methods and chemometrics. |
| PubMed: | Proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry monitoring of the evolution of volatile compounds during lactic acid fermentation of milk. |
| PubMed: | Effect of pH, aeration and feeding non-sterilized agave juice in a continuous agave juice fermentation. |
| PubMed: | Production of tetramethylpyrazine by batch culture of Bacillus subtilis with optimal pH control strategy. |
| PubMed: | Influence of indigenous yeasts on the fermentation and volatile profile of plum brandies. |
| PubMed: | Construction and characterization of three lactate dehydrogenase-negative Enterococcus faecalis V583 mutants. |
| PubMed: | Engineering of 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase to reduce acetoin formation by glycerol-overproducing, low-alcohol Saccharomyces cerevisiae. |
| PubMed: | Microbial, sensory and volatile changes during the anaerobic cold storage of morcilla de Burgos previously inoculated with Weissella viridescens and Leuconostoc mesenteroides. |
| PubMed: | Analysis of volatile compounds produced by 2 strains of Lactococcus lactis isolated from leben (Tunisian fermented milk) using solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography. |
| PubMed: | A cross-sectional study of lung function and respiratory symptoms among chemical workers producing diacetyl for food flavourings. |
| PubMed: | Asthma arising in flavoring-exposed food production workers. |
| PubMed: | Emissions from cooking microwave popcorn. |
| PubMed: | Methylglyoxal and other carbohydrate metabolites induce lanthanum-sensitive Ca2+ transients and inhibit growth in E. coli. |
| PubMed: | Mutation of the oxaloacetate decarboxylase gene of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis impairs the growth during citrate metabolism. |
| PubMed: | Formation of diacetyl and acetoin by Lactococcus lactis via aspartate catabolism. |
| PubMed: | Citrate metabolism by Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus durans isolated from goat's and ewe's milk: influence of glucose and lactose. |
| PubMed: | Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome in chemical workers producing diacetyl for food flavorings. |
| PubMed: | Structure-reactivity relationships of flavan-3-ols on product generation in aqueous glucose/glycine model systems. |
| PubMed: | Analysis of volatile compounds as spoilage indicators in fresh king salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) during storage using SPME-GC-MS. |
| PubMed: | Lactobacillus casei metabolic potential to utilize citrate as an energy source in ripening cheese: a bioinformatics approach. |
| PubMed: | Characterisation of lactic acid bacteria isolated from fermented milk "laban". |
| PubMed: | [Determination of major flavor components in chinese spirits using a special domestic gas chromatograph with DNP packed column]. |
| PubMed: | Method for the simultaneous assay of diacetyl and acetoin in the presence of alpha-acetolactate: application in determining the kinetic parameters for the decomposition of alpha-acetolactate. |
| PubMed: | The effect of raw milk microbial flora on the sensory characteristics of Salers-type cheeses. |
| PubMed: | Characterization of respiratory exposures at a microwave popcorn plant with cases of bronchiolitis obliterans. |
| PubMed: | Gas chromatographic quantification of major volatile compounds and polyols in wine by direct injection. |
| PubMed: | The 'buttery' attribute of wine--diacetyl--desirability, spoilage and beyond. |
| PubMed: | Genetic organization and expression of citrate permease in lactic acid bacteria. |
| PubMed: | Purification of antilisterial bacteriocins. |
| PubMed: | Growth and metabolism of selected strains of probiotic bacteria, in maize porridge with added malted barley. |
| PubMed: | Method development for the determination of diacetyl and acetoin at a microwave popcorn plant. |
| PubMed: | Gluconic acid consumption in wines by Schizosaccharomyces pombe and its effect on the concentrations of major volatile compounds and polyols. |
| PubMed: | Changes in gluconic acid, polyols and major volatile compounds in sherry wine during aging with submerged flor yeast cultures. |
| PubMed: | Diacetyl of lactic acid bacteria from milk and fermented foods in Thailand. |
| PubMed: | Proteolysis, volatile compounds, and sensory evaluation in Hispánico cheese manufactured with the addition of a thermophilic adjunct culture, nisin, and calcium alginate-nisin microparticles. |
| PubMed: | Growth and metabolism of selected strains of probiotic bacteria in milk. |
| PubMed: | The species-specific ratios of 2,3-butanediol and acetoin isomers as a tool to evaluate wine yeast performance. |
| PubMed: | IS981-mediated adaptive evolution recovers lactate production by ldhB transcription activation in a lactate dehydrogenase-deficient strain of Lactococcus lactis. |
| PubMed: | Growth and energy generation by Enterococcus faecium FAIR-E 198 during citrate metabolism. |
| PubMed: | Evolution of volatile byproducts during wine fermentations using immobilized cells on grape skins. |
| PubMed: | Microbiological and fermentation characteristics of togwa, a Tanzanian fermented food. |
| PubMed: | Volatile chemicals identified in extracts from newly hybrid citrus, dekopon (Shiranuhi mandarin Suppl. J.). |
| PubMed: | Chemical and biochemical transformations during the industrial process of sherry vinegar aging. |
| PubMed: | Effect of Enterococcus faecium on microbiological, physicochemical and sensory characteristics of Greek Feta cheese. |
| PubMed: | Growth and aroma production by Staphylococcus xylosus, S. carnosus and S. equorum--a comparative study in model systems. |
| PubMed: | Metabolic engineering of lactic acid bacteria, the combined approach: kinetic modelling, metabolic control and experimental analysis. |
| PubMed: | Citrate metabolism by Enterococcus faecalis FAIR-E 229. |
| PubMed: | Solvent desorption dynamic headspace sampling of fermented dairy product volatiles. |
| PubMed: | Influence of aeration on the physiological activity of flor yeasts. |
| PubMed: | Determination of organic acids, sugars, diacetyl, and acetoin in cheese by high-performance liquid chromatography. |
| PubMed: | Metabolic behavior of Lactococcus lactis MG1363 in microaerobic continuous cultivation at a low dilution rate. |
| PubMed: | Ecophysiological attributes of a Lactobacillus sp. and a Pseudomonas sp. on sterile beef fillets in relation to storage temperature and film permeability. |
| PubMed: | Characterization of the lactic acid bacteria in ewe's milk and cheese from northwest Argentina. |
| PubMed: | Proteolysis and formation of volatile compounds in cheese manufactured with a bacteriocin-producing adjunct culture. |
| PubMed: | Improved performances and control of beer fermentation using encapsulated alpha-acetolactate decarboxylase and modeling. |
| PubMed: | Approaches to wine aroma: release of aroma compounds from reactions between cysteine and carbonyl compounds in wine. |
| PubMed: | Evaluation of solid-phase microextraction for the isotopic analysis of volatile compounds produced during fermentation by lactic acid bacteria. |
| PubMed: | Organic acids and volatile flavor components evolved during refrigerated storage of kefir. |
| PubMed: | Cloning, DNA sequence analysis, and deletion of a gene encoding diacetyl-acetoin reductase from Lactococcus lactis. |
| PubMed: | Characterization of volatile compounds from the reaction of 3-hydroxy-2-butanone and ammonium sulfide model system. |
| PubMed: | Pyruvate flux distribution in NADH-oxidase-overproducing Lactococcus lactis strain as a function of culture conditions. |
| PubMed: | Effects of the addition of Enterococcus faecalis in Cebreiro cheese manufacture. |
| PubMed: | Cofactor engineering: a novel approach to metabolic engineering in Lactococcus lactis by controlled expression of NADH oxidase. |
| PubMed: | Production of fermented milk using a malty compound-producing strain of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis biovar. diacetylactis, isolated from Zimbabwean naturally fermented milk. |
| PubMed: | Main microbial flora present as natural starters in Cebreiro raw cow's-milk cheese (northwest Spain). |
| PubMed: | Diacetyl formation by lactic bacteria. |
| PubMed: | Behaviour of Yersinia enterocolitica and Aeromonas hydrophila in skim milk during fermentation by various lactobacilli. |
| PubMed: | Aerobic and anaerobic metabolism of Listeria monocytogenes in defined glucose medium. |
| PubMed: | Growth and Energy Generation by Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis biovar diacetylactis during Citrate Metabolism. |
| PubMed: | Analysis of sensory and physicochemical data on commercial tomato purée with pattern recognition techniques. |
| PubMed: | Microbiological and aromatic characteristics of fermented maize doughs for kenkey production in Ghana. |
| PubMed: | Acetoin production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae wine yeasts. |
| PubMed: | Conversion of Pyruvate to Acetoin Helps To Maintain pH Homeostasis in Lactobacillus plantarum. |
| PubMed: | Purification, characterization and some properties of diacetyl(acetoin) reductase from Enterobacter aerogenes. |
| PubMed: | Enzyme Activities Affecting End Product Distribution by Lactobacillus plantarum in Response to Changes in pH and O(2). |
| PubMed: | Microencapsulated enzyme systems for the acceleration of cheese ripening. |
| PubMed: | Volatile compounds associated with microbial growth on normal and high pH beef stored at chill temperatures. |
| PubMed: | Enterotoxigenicity of Staphylococcus intermedius of canine origin. |
| PubMed: | High-Efficiency Conversion of Pyruvate to Acetoin by Lactobacillus plantarum during pH-Controlled and Fed-Batch Fermentations. |
| PubMed: | Desmutagenic effect of alpha-dicarbonyl and alpha-hydroxycarbonyl compounds against mutagenic heterocyclic amines. |
| PubMed: | Time course of volatile compound formation during refrigerated storage of naturally contaminated beef in air. |
| PubMed: | [Enterotoxigenicity and biochemical features of strains of Staphylococcus aureus of different origins ]. |
| PubMed: | Growth and end-product formation in fermenter cultures of Brochothrix thermosphacta ATCC 11509T and two psychrotrophic Lactobacillus spp. in different gaseous atmospheres. |
| PubMed: | Glycerol utilization by Brochothrix thermosphacta. |
| PubMed: | Growth and end product formation of two psychrotrophic Lactobacillus spp. and Brochothrix thermosphacta ATCC 11509T at different pH values and temperatures. |
| PubMed: | [Effect of thiamine on the activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in rat liver following stimulation of lipogenesis]. |
| PubMed: | End Products of Glucose Fermentation by Brochothrix thermosphacta. |
| PubMed: | Microbial production of 2,3-butylene glycol from cheese whey. |
| PubMed: | Volatile Compounds Associated with Spoilage of Vacuum-Packaged Sliced Luncheon Meat by Brochothrix thermosphacta. |
| PubMed: | Identification of pathogenic staphylococci isolated from animals and foods derived from animals. |
| PubMed: | Aerobic metabolism of Brochothrix thermosphacta growing on meat surfaces and in laboratory media. |
| PubMed: | Characters of Lactobacillus coryniformis, isolated from an Iraqi cheese. |
| PubMed: | Degradation of organic acids by dairy lactic acid bacteria. |
| PubMed: | [The quantitative composition of natural and technologically changed aromas of plants. II. Aroma compounds in oranges and their changes during juice processing (author's transl)]. |
| PubMed: | Development and use of single "polytropic" diagnostic tubes for the approximate taxonomic grouping of bacteria isolated from foods, water and medicinal preparations. |
| PubMed: | Enzymatic determination of butane-2,3-diol in wines. |
| PubMed: | Deoxyribonucleic acid base composition and biochemical properties of certain coagulase-negative enterotoxigenic cocci. |
| PubMed: | Microfermentation series for identification of single colonies of Enterobacteriaceae. |
| PubMed: | Short-term toxicity of acetoin (acetylmethylcarbinol) in rats. |
| PubMed: | Diacetyl and acetoin production by Lactobacillus casei. |
| PubMed: | [Influence of the type of the raw product and the storage conditions on the diacetyl level (diacetyl and acetoin) in tomato juice]. |
| PubMed: | Enumeration of Bacillus cereus in foods. |
| PubMed: | Bacterial production of diacetyl and acetoin in wine. |
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