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Category: flavor enhancers
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
| Appearance: | pale yellow to amber clear liquid (est) |
| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
| Soluble in: |
| | alcohol | | | oils |
Organoleptic Properties:
| |
| |
| Flavor Type: meaty |
| |
| | meaty |
Taste Description: inhibits the undesirable warmed-over taste in pre-cooked meat. Through a proprietary process that binds moisture and extends yields, meat flavors are enhanced with substantial meaty tones. | meaty |
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| Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
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Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
| Preferred SDS: View |
| |
| Hazards identification |
| |
| Classification of the substance or mixture |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
| None found. |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
| |
| Pictogram | |
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| Hazard statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Precautionary statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
|
Not determined
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| Dermal Toxicity: |
|
Not determined
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| Inhalation Toxicity: |
|
Not determined
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Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | flavor enhancers |
| Recommendation for meaty enhancers usage levels up to: | | | not for fragrance use.
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| Recommendation for meaty enhancers flavor usage levels up to: |
| | 0.2000 ppm in the finished product.
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Safety References:
References:
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
| |
| For Odor |
| alliaceous |
| | dimethyl trisulfide | FL/FR |
| | methyl furfuryl disulfide | FL/FR |
| | rum ether | FL/FR |
| | strawberry furanone | FL/FR |
| 2,6- | dimethyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
| citrus |
| (E)-2- | tetradecenal | FL/FR |
| coffee |
| | coffee difuran | FL/FR |
| | furfuryl mercaptan | FL/FR |
| 2- | methyl-3-,5 or 6-(furfuryl thio) pyrazine | FL/FR |
| fresh |
| 10- | undecen-1-yl acetate | FL/FR |
| fruity |
| 3- | mercaptohexyl acetate | FL/FR |
| (E)-7- | methyl-3-octen-2-one | FL/FR |
| | prunus amygdalus amara seed extract | FL/FR |
| (E)-2- | undecenal | FL/FR |
| green |
| 2- | heptyl furan | FL/FR |
| (E,Z)-2,6- | nonadienal | FL/FR |
| 4- | hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl thiophen-3(2H)-one | |
| | meaty dithiane | FL/FR |
| 4- | methyl nonanoic acid | FL/FR |
| | sulfurol | FL/FR |
| | sulfuryl acetate | FL/FR |
| moldy |
| | strawberry furanone methyl ether | FL/FR |
| | hazelnut pyrazine | FL/FR |
| 4,5- | dimethyl-2-ethyl-3-thiazoline | FL/FR |
| 2,4- | dimethyl-5-ethyl thiazole | |
| 2- | ethyl-4-methyl thiazole | FL/FR |
| | filbert heptenone | FL/FR |
| 2,6- | lutidine | FL/FR |
| 2- | methyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
| 2- | methyl-3-(methyl thio) pyrazine | FL/FR |
| | trigonella foenum-graecum seed oil CO2 extract | FL/FR |
| smoky |
| 2,6- | dimethoxyphenol | FL/FR |
| | pyroligneous acids | FL/FR |
| | benzothiazole | FL/FR |
| | ethyl 3-mercaptopropionate | FL/FR |
| | fish thiol | FL/FR |
| | furfuryl thioacetate | FL/FR |
| 2- | mercaptopropionic acid | FL/FR |
| 4- | methoxy-2-methyl butane thiol | FL/FR |
| 4- | methyl 4-mercaptopentan-2-one 1% solution | FL/FR |
| | methyl mercaptan | FL/FR |
| 2-( | methyl thio) phenol | FL/FR |
| 1- | phenethyl mercaptan | FL/FR |
| tobacco |
| | methyl benzoxole | FL/FR |
| vegetable |
| | methional | FL/FR |
| |
| For Flavor |
| |
| No flavor group found for these |
| 4- | acetyl-2-methyl pyrimidine | FL |
| gamma- | aminobutyric acid | FL |
| | amyl mercaptan | FL |
| 1,2- | butane dithiol | FL |
| 2-(2- | butyl)-4,5-dimethyl-3-thiazoline | FL |
| | cyclopropyl (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienamide | FL |
| 2,5- | diethyl thiazole | FL |
| | dimethyl tetrasulfide | FL |
| 2,6- | dimethyl-3-((2-methyl-3-furyl)thio)-4-heptanone | FL |
| bis(2,5- | dimethyl-3-furyl) disulfide | FL |
| (Z+E)-2,5- | dimethyl-3-tetrahydrofuran thiol | FL |
| (Z+E)-2,5- | dimethyl-3-thioacetoxytetrahydrofuran | FL |
| 2,5- | dimethyl-3-thiofuroyl furan | FL |
| 2,4- | dimethyl-5-ethyl thiazole | |
| | ethyl (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienamide | FL |
| S- | ethyl 2-acetyl aminoethane thioate | FL |
| | ethyl 3-mercaptopropionate | FL/FR |
| | ethyl 4-(acetyl thio) butyrate | FL |
| (Z+E)-5- | ethyl-4-methyl-2-(2-butyl) thiazoline | FL |
| (Z+E)-5- | ethyl-4-methyl-2-(2-methyl propyl) thiazoline | FL |
| 2- | hexyl thiophene | FL |
| 4- | hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl thiophen-3(2H)-one | |
| 1-(3- | hydroxy-5-methyl-2-thienyl) ethanone | FL |
| 4- | methyl 4-mercaptopentan-2-one 1% solution | FL/FR |
| | methyl dihydrofuran thiol | FL |
| 2- | methyl thiazolidine | FL |
| 2-( | methyl thio) ethanol | FL |
| 2- | methyl-1-butane thiol | FL |
| 2- | methyl-2-thiazoline | FL |
| 2- | methyl-3-,5 or 6-(furfuryl thio) pyrazine | FL/FR |
| 2- | methyl-3-(methyl thio) pyrazine | FL/FR |
| 2- | methyl-3-furyl tetrasulfide | FL |
| 3-((2- | methyl-3-furyl)thio)-4-heptanone | FL |
| 4-((2- | methyl-3-furyl)thio)-5-nonanone | FL |
| 1,9- | nonane dithiol | FL |
| | peanut dithiazine | FL |
| 1- | phenethyl mercaptan | FL/FR |
| 1,3- | propane dithiol | FL |
| iso | propyl disulfide | FL |
| | thiazole | FL |
| 3- | thienyl mercaptan | FL |
| | thioacetic acid | FL |
|
| 3,5- | diisopropyl-1,2,4-trithiolane | FL |
| N-(2-(3,4- | dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl)-3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid amide | FL |
| 3,5- | dimethyl-1,2,4-trithiolane | FL |
| 3,7- | dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-yl cyclopropyl carboxamide | FL |
| 4- | mercapto-2-pentanone 1% in acetoin | FL |
| 2- | methyl-1-methyl thio-2-butene | FL |
| 3- | methyl-1,2,4-trithiane | FL |
| | pyrrolidino-(1,2E)-4H-2,4-dimethyl-1,3,5-dithiazine | FL |
| 1-(2- | thienyl) butanone | FL |
| alliaceous |
| | allyl disulfide | FL |
| | allyl mercaptan | FL |
| 1,3- | butane dithiol | FL |
| | cyclopentyl mercaptan | FL |
| | dicyclohexyl disulfide | FL |
| | dimethyl trisulfide | FL/FR |
| | garlic oil extenders | FL |
| 3- | mercapto-2-pentanone | FL |
| 3- | tetrahydrothiophenone | FL |
| bacon |
| | bacon reaction crispy | FL |
| beefy |
| | beef juice flavor | FL |
| burnt |
| | bacon dithiazine | FL |
| 1,6- | hexane dithiol | FL |
| | rum ether | FL/FR |
| caramellic |
| | strawberry furanone | FL/FR |
| chemical |
| 2,5- | dimethyl furan | FL |
| cocoa |
| | butyraldehyde | FL |
| coffee |
| | coffee difuran | FL/FR |
| 2,4- | dimethyl thiazole | FL |
| 2- | ethyl-4-methyl thiazole | FL/FR |
| | furfuryl mercaptan | FL/FR |
| | methyl furfuryl disulfide | FL/FR |
| | methyl furfuryl mercaptopropionate | FL |
| | methyl furfuryl thiol | FL |
| earthy |
| | difurfuryl sulfide | FL |
| (±)-2- | mercapto-5-methylheptan-4-one | FL |
| 1,8- | octane dithiol | FL |
| 2- | thienyl disulfide | FL |
| eggy |
| iso | propyl mercaptan | FL |
| fatty |
| | beef tallow flavor | FL |
| (E,E)-2,4- | decadienal | FL |
| pork | fat extract | FL |
| 2- | heptyl furan | FL/FR |
| 4- | methyl nonanoic acid | FL/FR |
| (E)-7- | methyl-3-octen-2-one | FL/FR |
| 2,4- | octadien-1-ol | FL |
| 2- | pentyl thiophene | FL |
| fried |
| | crisp enhancers | FL |
| fruity |
| 2- | ethyl-2,5-dihydro-4-methyl thiazole | FL |
| greasy |
| 10- | undecen-1-yl acetate | FL/FR |
| green |
| 4- | methyl thiazole | FL |
| (E,Z)-2,6- | nonadienal | FL/FR |
| 4- | penten-1-yl acetate | FL |
| herbal |
| | massoia bark oil | FL |
| meaty |
| 4- | allyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol | FL |
| | bacon flavor | FL |
| | beef broth flavor | FL |
| | beef enhancers | FL |
| BBQ | beef flavor | FL |
| roast | beef flavor | FL |
| | beef flavor | FL |
| juicy | beef flavor | FL |
| | beef flavor base | FL |
| | benzothiazole | FL/FR |
| | chicken bone extract | FL |
| | chicken extract | FL |
| grilled | chicken flavor | FL |
| | chicken flavor | FL |
| | chicken key | FL |
| 2,6- | dimethyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
| 2,6- | dimethyl thiophenol | FL |
| 2,5- | dimethyl-3-furan thiol | FL |
| 2',3- | dimethyl-3',4-dioxa-2,8-dithiabicyclo(3.3.0)octane spirocyclopentane | FL |
| 1,1- | ethane dithiol 1% in ethanol 94.5% / ethyl acetate 4% | FL |
| | ethyl 2-hydroxyethyl sulfide | FL |
| | furfuryl 2-methyl-3-furyl disulfide | FL |
| 4- | furfuryl thio-2-pentanone | FL |
| | ham enhancers | FL |
| | ham flavor | FL |
| | hot dog flavor | FL |
| | lamb flavor | FL |
| | liver flavor | FL |
| | meat broth concentrates | FL |
| | meat flavors | FL |
| | meaty dithiane | FL/FR |
| 3- | mercapto-2-butanone | FL |
| (R,S)-2- | mercapto-3-butanol | FL |
| 3- | mercapto-3-methyl butanol | FL |
| 2- | mercaptomethyl pyrazine | FL |
| 2- | mercaptopropionic acid | FL/FR |
| 2- | methyl 3-(methyl thio) furan | FL |
| 2-( | methyl thio) phenol | FL/FR |
| | methyl thiofuryl butanal | FL |
| 12- | methyl tridecanal | FL |
| bis(2- | methyl-3-furyl) disulfide | FL |
| S-(2- | methyl-3-furyl) ethane thioate | FL |
| 2- | methyl-3-tetrahydrofuran thiol | FL |
| 2- | methyl-3-thioacetoxytetrahydrofuran | FL |
| | phenyl mercaptan | FL |
| grilled | pork flavor | FL |
| | pork flavor | FL |
| roasted | pork flavor | FL |
| | propyl 2-mercaptopropionate | FL |
| | propyl 2-methyl-3-furyl disulfide | FL |
| | pyrazinyl ethane thiol | FL |
| 2- | pyridinyl methane thiol | FL |
| | rabbit flavor | FL |
| grilled | steak flavor | FL |
| | sulfurol | FL/FR |
| | sulfuryl acetate | FL/FR |
| | thialdine | FL |
| ortho- | thiocresol | FL |
| ortho- | thioguaiacol | FL |
| roast | turkey flavor | FL |
| smoked | turkey flavor | FL |
| | turkey flavor | FL |
| | veal flavor | FL |
| | venison flavor | FL |
| medicinal |
| 2,6- | dimethoxyphenol | FL/FR |
| metallic |
| 2,5- | dihydroxy-1,4-dithiane | FL |
| moldy |
| | strawberry furanone methyl ether | FL/FR |
| musty |
| 2- | ethoxythiazole | FL |
| | hazelnut pyrazine | FL/FR |
| nutty |
| 3- | acetyl-2,5-dimethyl thiophene | FL |
| 2- | acetyl-4-methyl thiazole | FL |
| 3,5- | diethyl-2-methyl pyrazine | FL |
| 2,5- | diethyl-3-methyl pyrazine | FL |
| 4,5- | dimethyl-2-ethyl-3-thiazoline | FL/FR |
| | filbert heptenone | FL/FR |
| 2,6- | lutidine | FL/FR |
| | methyl benzoxole | FL/FR |
| 2- | methyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
| | nutty thiazole | FL |
| | prunus amygdalus amara seed extract | FL/FR |
| onion |
| | furfuryl isopropyl sulfide | FL |
| | methionol | FL |
| phenolic |
| 2- | ethyl benzene thiol | FL |
| popcorn |
| 2- | propionyl-2-thiazoline | FL |
| roasted |
| 3,5- | diisobutyl-1,2,4-trithiolane | FL |
| | furfuryl thioacetate | FL/FR |
| | hexyl mercaptan | FL |
| | trigonella foenum-graecum seed oil CO2 extract | FL/FR |
| savory |
| N-(2,4- | dimethoxybenzyl)-N2-(2-(pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) oxalamide | FL |
| N-( | heptan-4-yl)benzo(D)(1,3)dioxole-5-carboxamide | FL |
| N1-(2- | methoxy-4-methyl benzyl)-N2-(2-(pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) oxalamide | FL |
| N1-(2- | methoxy-4-methyl benzyl)-N2-2(2-(5-methyl pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) oxalamide | FL |
| 2,4,6- | triethyl tetrahydro-1,3,5-dithiazine | FL |
| smoky |
| | prosopis juliflora wood extract | FL |
| | pyroligneous acids | FL/FR |
| spicy |
| hot spicy | beef flavor | FL |
| sulfurous |
| 2,3- | butane dithiol | FL |
| | butyl mercaptan | FL |
| | ethyl methyl sulfide | FL |
| S- | ethyl thioacetate | FL |
| | fish thiol | FL/FR |
| | furfuryl thiopropionate | FL |
| 4- | methoxy-2-methyl butane thiol | FL/FR |
| | methyl 2-methyl-3-furyl disulfide | FL |
| | methyl mercaptan | FL/FR |
| 3- | methyl-2-butane thiol | FL |
| 2- | naphthyl mercaptan | FL |
| 3- | pentane thiol | FL |
| | roasted butanol | FL |
| 2,4,6- | trithiaheptane 10% in triacetin | FL |
| tomato |
| | methional | FL/FR |
| tropical |
| 3- | mercaptohexyl acetate | FL/FR |
| vegetable |
| | tyramine | FL |
| waxy |
| (E)-2- | tetradecenal | FL/FR |
| (E)-2- | undecenal | FL/FR |
| yeasty |
| | faex extracts | FL |
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Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| | excellerate natural meat enhancement (Excellentia) | | | meat boosters | | | meat reaction | | | meaty key |
Articles:
| PubMed: | Localization and abundance of early markers of fat cell differentiation in the skeletal muscle of cattle during growth - Are DLK1-positive cells the origin of marbling flecks? |
| PubMed: | Changes of Flavor Compounds of Hydrolyzed Chicken Bone Extracts during Maillard Reaction. |
| PubMed: | Preadipocyte and adipose tissue differentiation in meat animals: influence of species and anatomical location. |
| PubMed: | An Avian Leukosis Virus Subgroup J Isolate with Rous Sarcoma Virus-like 5'-LTR shows enhanced replication capability. |
| PubMed: | Advanced glycation end products, physico-chemical and sensory characteristics of cooked lamb loins affected by cooking method and addition of flavour precursors. |
| PubMed: | Postnatal expression patterns and polymorphism analysis of the bovine myocyte enhancer factor 2C (Mef2C) gene. |
| PubMed: | Effect of curing agents on the oxidative and nitrosative damage to meat proteins during processing of fermented sausages. |
| PubMed: | Calcitriol enhances fat synthesis factors and calpain activity in co-cultured cells. |
| PubMed: | Effect of E-beam treatment on the chemistry and on the antioxidant activity of lycopene from dry tomato peel and tomato powder. |
| PubMed: | In vitro and in vivo enhancement of adipogenesis by Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) in 3T3-L1 cells and mice. |
| PubMed: | Acquisition of pig intramuscular preadipocytes through dedifferentiation of mature adipocytes and establishment of optimal induction conditions. |
| PubMed: | The impact of salt replacers and flavor enhancer on the processing characteristics and consumer acceptance of restructured cooked hams. |
| PubMed: | Breast meat quality of broiler chickens can be affected by managing the level of nitric oxide. |
| PubMed: | Expression profiles of key transcription factors involved in lipid metabolism in Beijing-You chickens. |
| PubMed: | Exercise training does not increase muscle FNDC5 protein or mRNA expression in pigs. |
| PubMed: | Wnt/β-catenin signaling and adipogenic genes are associated with intramuscular fat content in the longissimus dorsi muscle of Korean cattle. |
| PubMed: | The effect of myostatin silencing by lentiviral-mediated RNA interference on goat fetal fibroblasts. |
| PubMed: | Salinomycin, a polyether ionophoric antibiotic, inhibits adipogenesis. |
| PubMed: | Zfp423 promotes adipogenic differentiation of bovine stromal vascular cells. |
| PubMed: | Ruggedness testing and validation of a practical analytical method for >100 veterinary drug residues in bovine muscle by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed: | The effect of vitamin C administration on monosodium glutamate induced liver injury. An experimental study. |
| PubMed: | Sensory characteristics and consumer acceptability of beef stock containing the glutathione-xylose Maillard reaction product and/or monosodium glutamate. |
| PubMed: | Growth Performance and Meat Quality of Broiler Chickens Supplemented with Bacillus licheniformis in Drinking Water. |
| PubMed: | Occurrence and role of umami molecules in foods. |
| PubMed: | Reducing sodium levels in frankfurters using a natural flavor enhancer. |
| PubMed: | Molecular characterization of the porcine MTPAP gene associated with meat quality traits: chromosome localization, expression distribution, and transcriptional regulation. |
| PubMed: | Pilot study on which foods should be avoided by patients with psoriasis. |
| PubMed: | Effects of the roughage/concentrate ratio on the expression of angiogenic growth factors in adipose tissue of fattening Wagyu steers. |
| PubMed: | Dietary n-3 PUFA affect lipid metabolism and tissue function-related genes in bovine muscle. |
| PubMed: | A novel SNP of the C/EBPα gene associated with superior meat quality in indigenous Chinese cattle. |
| PubMed: | Influence of different feeding systems on the growth performance and muscle development of Japanese Black steers. |
| PubMed: | Lipid hydroperoxide-induced and hemoglobin-enhanced oxidative damage to colon cancer cells. |
| PubMed: | Sensory characteristics and consumer acceptability of beef stock containing glutathione Maillard reaction products prepared at various conditions. |
| PubMed: | Impacts of glutathione Maillard reaction products on sensory characteristics and consumer acceptability of beef soup. |
| PubMed: | Predictive markers in calpastatin for tenderness in commercial pig populations. |
| PubMed: | Effect of genetic variation of CEBPA gene on body measurement and carcass traits of Qinchuan cattle. |
| PubMed: | Sensory characteristics and consumer acceptability of beef soup with added glutathione and/or MSG. |
| PubMed: | Evaluation of the ability of Eleutherine americana crude extract as natural food additive in cooked pork. |
| PubMed: | Polymorphism of chicken myocyte-specific enhancer-binding factor 2A gene and its association with chicken carcass traits. |
| PubMed: | 17alpha- and 17beta-boldenone 17-glucuronides: synthesis and complete characterization by 1H and 13C NMR. |
| PubMed: | Inhibitory effects of polyphosphates on Clostridium perfringens growth, sporulation and spore outgrowth. |
| PubMed: | Oily fish increases iron bioavailability of a phytate rich meal in young iron deficient women. |
| PubMed: | L-alpha-glycerophosphocholine contributes to meat's enhancement of nonheme iron absorption. |
| PubMed: | Stearoyl-CoA desaturase mRNA expression during bovine adipocyte differentiation in primary culture derived from Japanese Black and Holstein cattle. |
| PubMed: | Nonheme iron absorption in young women is not influenced by purified sulfated and unsulfated glycosaminoglycans. |
| PubMed: | Validation of a new planar chromatographic method for quantification of the heterocyclic aromatic amines most frequently found in meat. |
| PubMed: | Role of fatty acids in adipocyte growth and development. |
| PubMed: | Messenger RNA levels and transcription rates of hepatic lipogenesis genes in genetically lean and fat chickens. |
| PubMed: | Identification of the taste enhancer alapyridaine in beef broth and evaluation of its sensory impact by taste reconstitution experiments. |
| PubMed: | Feeding intensity and dietary protein level affect adipocyte cellularity and lipogenic capacity of muscle homogenates in growing pigs, without modification of the expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein. |
| PubMed: | Dietary factors associated with the risk of high iron stores in the elderly Framingham Heart Study cohort. |
| PubMed: | Genomic structure and promoter analysis of the bovine leptin gene. |
| PubMed: | Biology of leptin in the pig. |
| PubMed: | Bacteriological quality of raw oysters in Trinidad and the attitudes, knowledge and perceptions of the public about its consumption. |
| PubMed: | Avian endogenous retrovirus EAV-HP shares regions of identity with avian leukosis virus subgroup J and the avian retrotransposon ART-CH. |
| PubMed: | Effects of creatine supplementation on exercise performance. |
| PubMed: | The influence of meat on nonheme iron absorption in infants. |
| PubMed: | Reduction of stress-induced changes in meat quality with thermolysed brewer's yeast of high nucleotide content in pigs. |
| PubMed: | Lymphoma induction by heterocyclic amines in E mu-pim-1 transgenic mice. |
| PubMed: | Short-term carcinogenicity testing of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) and 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) in E(mu)-pim-1 transgenic mice. |
| PubMed: | HPRS-103 (exogenous avian leukosis virus, subgroup J) has an env gene related to those of endogenous elements EAV-0 and E51 and an E element found previously only in sarcoma viruses. |
| PubMed: | Silencer and enhancer elements located at the 3'-side of the chicken and duck alpha-globin-encoding gene domains. |
| PubMed: | Gastric acid production, iron status and dietary phytate alter enhancement by meat of iron absorption in rats. |
| PubMed: | Enhanced supercritical fluid carbon dioxide extraction of pesticides from foods using pelletized diatomaceous earth. |
| PubMed: | Interaction of vitamin C and iron. |
|