|
Category: flavor and fragrance agents
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
| Appearance: | colorless to pale yellow clear liquid (est) |
| Assay: | 97.00 to 100.00 %
|
| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | Yes |
| Specific Gravity: | 0.80500 to 0.80900 @ 25.00 °C.
|
| Pounds per Gallon - (est).: | 6.698 to 6.732
|
| Refractive Index: | 1.39000 to 1.39500 @ 20.00 °C.
|
| Melting Point: | -92.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
|
| Boiling Point: | 102.00 to 103.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
|
| Acid Value: | 5.00 max. KOH/g
|
| Vapor Pressure: | 31.792000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est) |
| Vapor Density: | 3.0 ( Air = 1 ) |
| Flash Point: | 55.00 °F. TCC ( 12.78 °C. )
|
| logP (o/w): | 1.423 (est) |
| Soluble in: |
| | alcohol | | | water, 1.17E+04 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp) |
| Insoluble in: |
| | water |
| Similar Items: note |
| 2-oxovaleraldehyde |
| isovaleraldehyde |
Organoleptic Properties:
| |
| Odor Type: fermented |
| |
| | fermented bready fruity nutty berry |
Odor Description: at 1.00 % in dipropylene glycol. | fermented bready fruity nutty berry |
| |
| | fermented bready fruity berry |
Odor Description:
| Diffusive, fermented, bready, fruity with berry nuances Mosciano, Gerard P&F 19, No. 2, 55, (1994) |
| |
| |
| Flavor Type: winey |
| |
| | winey fermented bready cocoa chocolate |
Taste Description: at 25.00 ppm. | Winey, fermented, bready, cocoa chocolate notes Mosciano, Gerard P&F 19, No. 2, 55, (1994) |
| |
| Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
| |
| Bedoukian Research |
| VALERALDEHYDE FCC |
| Odor Description: | In dilution, a coffee, nut-like, chocolate odor Can be used to lift woody, vanilla-type fragrances. |
| Taste Description: | coffee An intense topnote for coffee and chocolate flavors. |
| |
| Kingchem Laboratories |
| VALERALDEHYDE |
| Odor Description: | Very powerful and diffusive, penetrating, acrid-pungent |
| |
| |
Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
| Preferred SDS: View |
| European information : |
| Most important hazard(s): | | Xn - Harmful. |
R 11 - Highly flammable. R 20 - Harmful by inhalation. R 36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system, and skin. S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children. S 16 - Keep away from sources of ignition - No Smoking. S 23 - Do not breath vapour. S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S 36/37/39 - Wear suitable clothing, gloves and eye/face protection.
|
| |
| Hazards identification |
| |
| Classification of the substance or mixture |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
| None found. |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
| |
| Pictogram | |
| |
| Hazard statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Precautionary statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
oral-rat LD50 5660 ul/kg American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. Vol. 30, Pg. 470, 1969.
oral-mouse LD50 6400 mg/kg Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 17, Pg. 919, 1979.
intraperitoneal-rat LD50 400 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA
BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE WEAKNESS National Technical Information Service. Vol. OTS0533619
intraperitoneal-mouse LD50 200 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY)
BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA
BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE WEAKNESS National Technical Information Service. Vol. OTS0533619
|
| Dermal Toxicity: |
skin-rabbit LD50 5 ml/kg SKIN AND APPENDAGES (SKIN): "DERMATITIS, OTHER: AFTER SYSTEMIC EXPOSURE" National Technical Information Service. Vol. OTS0535072
skin-guinea pig LD50 20000 mg/kg Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 17, Pg. 919, 1979.
subcutaneous-mouse LD50 2000 mg/kg Annales Pharmaceutiques Francaises. Vol. 14, Pg. 710, 1956.
|
| Inhalation Toxicity: |
inhalation-rat LCLo 4000 ppm/4H American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. Vol. 30, Pg. 470, 1969.
|
Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | flavor and fragrance agents |
| RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search |
| IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice |
| Recommendation for valeraldehyde usage levels up to: | | | 2.0000 % in the fragrance concentrate.
|
| |
| Structure Class: | I |
| Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). |
| The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library |
| publication number: 3 |
| Click here to view publication 3 |
| | average usual ppm | average maximum ppm |
| baked goods: | - | 5.40000 |
| beverages(nonalcoholic): | - | 1.30000 |
| beverages(alcoholic): | - | - |
| breakfast cereal: | - | - |
| cheese: | - | - |
| chewing gum: | - | - |
| condiments / relishes: | - | - |
| confectionery froastings: | - | - |
| egg products: | - | - |
| fats / oils: | - | - |
| fish products: | - | - |
| frozen dairy: | - | 5.00000 |
| fruit ices: | - | 5.00000 |
| gelatins / puddings: | - | - |
| granulated sugar: | - | - |
| gravies: | - | - |
| hard candy: | - | 4.20000 |
| imitation dairy: | - | - |
| instant coffee / tea: | - | - |
| jams / jellies: | - | - |
| meat products: | - | - |
| milk products: | - | - |
| nut products: | - | - |
| other grains: | - | - |
| poultry: | - | - |
| processed fruits: | - | - |
| processed vegetables: | - | - |
| reconstituted vegetables: | - | - |
| seasonings / flavors: | - | - |
| snack foods: | - | - |
| soft candy: | - | - |
| soups: | - | - |
| sugar substitutes: | - | - |
| sweet sauces: | - | - |
Safety References:
| European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s): |
Flavouring Group Evaluation 3, Revision 1 (FGE.03Rev1): Acetals of branched- and straight-chain aliphatic saturated primary alcohols and branched- and straight-chain saturated or unsaturated aldehydes, an ester of a hemiacetal and an orthoester of formic acid, from chemical groups 1, 2 & 4 Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 of 18 July 2000) [1] - Scientific Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in contact with Food (AFC)on a request from the Commission View page or View pdf |
Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of straight-chain primary aliphatic alcohols/aldehydes/acids, acetals and esters with esters containing saturated alcohols and acetals containing saturated aldehydes (chemical group 1) when used as flavourings for all animal species View page or View pdf |
| EPI System: | View |
| NIOSH International Chemical Safety Cards: | search |
| NIOSH Pocket Guide: | search |
| Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System: | Search |
| AIDS Citations: | Search |
| Cancer Citations: | Search |
| Toxicology Citations: | Search |
| EPA GENetic TOXicology: | Search |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA): | 110-62-3 |
| EPA ACToR: | Toxicology Data |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS): | Registry |
| Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary : | 8063 |
| National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: | Data |
| WISER: | UN 2058 |
| WGK Germany: | 1 |
| | pentanal |
| Chemidplus: | 0000110623 |
| EPA/NOAA CAMEO: | hazardous materials |
| RTECS: | 110-62-3 |
References:
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
| |
| For Odor |
| No odor group found for these |
|
| 4- | methyl-2-(2-methyl propyl)-1,3-oxathiane | |
| (E)-5- | nonen-2-one | FL/FR |
| alcoholic |
| | propyl alcohol | FL/FR |
| alliaceous |
| | methyl furfuryl disulfide | FL/FR |
| amber |
| | ambrette seed absolute | FL/FR |
| balsamic |
| 2- | acetyl furan | FL/FR |
| | amyl cinnamate | FL/FR |
| iso | amyl cinnamate | FL/FR |
| | amyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| | butyl cinnamate | FL/FR |
| | pine needle absolute | FL/FR |
| berry |
| | blackberry infusions | FL/FR |
| | blackberry specialty | FR |
| | blueberry fragrance | FR |
| | blueberry infusions | FL/FR |
| | currant fragrance | FR |
| black | currant fragrance | FR |
| black | currant infusions | FL/FR |
| | gooseberry fragrance | FR |
| | huckleberry fragrance | FR |
| | mercaptomethyl pentanone | |
| | methyl beta-ionyl acetate | FR |
| | methyl furoate | |
| | raspberry essence | FL/FR |
| black | raspberry fragrance | FR |
| | raspberry fragrance | FR |
| | raspberry infusions | FL/FR |
| | rubus fruticosus fruit extract | FL/FR |
| | rubus idaeus fruit tincture | |
| bready |
| | coffee furanone | FL/FR |
| | furfural | FL/FR |
| camphoreous |
| 3- | benzylidene-2-butanone | FL/FR |
| beta-homo | cyclocitral | FL/FR |
| caramellic |
| | fenugreek oleoresin | FL/FR |
| | maltol | FL/FR |
| | maltyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| | shoyu furanone | FL/FR |
| | toffee furanone | FL/FR |
| chocolate |
| iso | amyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| | chocolate pyrazine A | FL/FR |
| | cocoa hexenal | FL/FR |
| | cocoa oleoresin | FL/FR |
| | cocoa pentenal | FL/FR |
| 2,5- | dimethyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
| 2,6- | dimethyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
| 2- | methoxypyrazine | FL/FR |
| 2,4,5- | trimethyl thiazole | FL/FR |
| cocoa |
| 2-iso | butyl-3,5-(and 3,6)-dimethyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
| 2- | methyl butyraldehyde | FL/FR |
| estery |
| (E)- | tiglyl 2-methyl butyrate | |
| iso | propyl formate | FL/FR |
| | propyl formate | FL/FR |
| fermented |
| | amyl alcohol | FL/FR |
| | butyl laevo-lactate | FL/FR |
| 3- | methyl-1-pentanol | FL/FR |
| floral |
| alpha- | damascone | FL/FR |
| | dihydro-alpha-ionone | FL/FR |
| 2,4- | dimethyl-alpha-allyl-3-cyclohexene methanol | |
| 4,6- | dimethyl-alpha-allyl-3-cyclohexene methanol | |
| | ethyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| beta- | ionone | FL/FR |
| | nerolin fragarol | FL/FR |
| bitter | orangeflower concrete morocco | FR |
| | rose carboxylate | FR |
| fruity |
| 3- | benzyl-4-heptanone | FL/FR |
| | berry hexanoate | FR |
| | berry pentadienoate | FL/FR |
| | blueberry essence | FL/FR |
| | boysenberry essence | FL/FR |
| | butyl 2-methyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| | butyl acetoacetate | FL/FR |
| | butyl hexanoate | FL/FR |
| | cherry oxyacetate | FL/FR |
| black | currant essence | FL/FR |
| red | currant essence | FL/FR |
| | cyclohexyl isovalerate | FL/FR |
| | dihydroactinidolide | FL/FR |
| | etaspirene | FR |
| | ethyl (R)-2-hydroxy-4-methyl pentanoate | FR |
| | ethyl (S)-2-hydroxy-4-methyl pentanoate | FR |
| | ethyl 2-hydroxy-3-methyl valerate | FL/FR |
| | ethyl methyl-para-tolyl glycidate | FL/FR |
| | filbert hexenone | FL/FR |
| | fruit specialty | FR |
| | geranyl acetoacetate | FL/FR |
| | heliotropyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| beta- | ionone epoxide | FL/FR |
| | maltyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| | methyl 2-methyl valerate | FL/FR |
| 2- | methyl butyl 2-methyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| 3- | nonen-2-one | FL/FR |
| | osmanthus flower absolute | FL/FR |
| iso | propenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| red | raspberry essence | FL/FR |
| black | raspberry essence | FL/FR |
| | raspberry fruit oil | FR |
| | ribes nigrum fruit extract | FL/FR |
| | ribes rubrum fruit extract | FL/FR |
| iso | spirene | FR |
| | strawberry glycidate 2 | FL/FR |
| | strawberry infusion | FL/FR |
| | styralyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| | vanilla carboxylate | FL/FR |
| | butyl lactate | FL/FR |
| 3- | cyclohexyl propyl propionate | |
| (Z)-3- | hexen-1-yl 2-methyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| | phenyl acetaldehyde | FL/FR |
| | thiogeraniol | FL/FR |
| herbal |
| | barosma betulina leaf oil | FL/FR |
| white | cognac oil | FL/FR |
| gamma- | valerolactone | FL/FR |
| mentholic |
| | menthyl acetate racemic | FL/FR |
| minty |
| dextro- | carvone | FL/FR |
| musty |
| 2- | acetyl pyrrole | FL/FR |
| | cocoa butenal | FL/FR |
| 3,6- | cocoa pyrazine | FL/FR |
| | filbert pyrazine | FL/FR |
| 2,6- | lutidine | FL/FR |
| 2- | methyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
| 2,3,5,6- | tetramethyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
| 2,3,5- | trimethyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
| | vinyl sulfurol | FL/FR |
| popcorn |
| 2- | acetyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
| roasted |
| | fenugreek resinoid | FL/FR |
| | trigonella foenum-graecum seed oil CO2 extract | FL/FR |
| soapy |
| | ambrettolide | FL/FR |
| spicy |
| | caraway seed oleoresin | FL/FR |
| | cinnamyl isovalerate | FL/FR |
| black | currant bud absolute | FL/FR |
| (E)- | tiglic acid | FL/FR |
| sulfurous |
| | blackberry thiophenone | FL/FR |
| | buchu mercaptan | FL/FR |
| (E)-2- | octen-1-yl butyrate | FL/FR |
| | phenethyl octanoate | FL/FR |
| woody |
| | pinacol | FR |
| |
| For Flavor |
| |
| No flavor group found for these |
| | allyl tiglate | FL |
| | amyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| 3- | benzylidene-2-butanone | FL/FR |
| | blackberry thiophenone | FL/FR |
| | butyl acetoacetate | FL/FR |
| | butyl cinnamate | FL/FR |
| 2-iso | butyl-3,5-(and 3,6)-dimethyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
| 2(4)-iso | butyl-4(2),6-dimethyl dihydro-4H-1,3,5-dithiazine | FL |
| 2- | butyl-5-ethyl thiophene | FL |
| | chocolate pyrazine A | FL/FR |
| | chocolate pyrazine B | FL |
| 3- | cyclohexyl propyl propionate | |
| | dihydroactinidolide | FL/FR |
| 4,5- | dimethyl-2-ethyl thiazole | FL |
| | ethyl 2-hydroxy-3-methyl valerate | FL/FR |
| | geranyl acetoacetate | FL/FR |
| beta- | ionone epoxide | FL/FR |
| | menthyl acetate racemic | FL/FR |
| | mercaptomethyl pentanone | |
| 2- | methoxypyrazine | FL/FR |
| | methyl furoate | |
| 4- | methyl-2-(2-methyl propyl)-1,3-oxathiane | |
| (E)-5- | nonen-2-one | FL/FR |
| (E)-2- | octen-1-yl butyrate | FL/FR |
| (E)-2- | octen-4-ol | FL |
| | peanut dithiazine | FL |
| | pine needle absolute | FL/FR |
| | rubus idaeus fruit tincture | |
| (E)- | tiglyl 2-methyl butyrate | |
| alcoholic |
| | propyl alcohol | FL/FR |
| balsamic |
| | amyl cinnamate | FL/FR |
| berry |
| | blackberry infusions | FL/FR |
| | blueberry essence | FL/FR |
| | blueberry infusions | FL/FR |
| black | currant infusions | FL/FR |
| | dihydro-alpha-ionone | FL/FR |
| | maltyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| | raspberry essence | FL/FR |
| | raspberry infusions | FL/FR |
| | rubus fruticosus fruit extract | FL/FR |
| | rubus idaeus fruit extract | FL |
| bitter |
| | methyl ethoxypyrazine | FL |
| bready |
| 2- | propionyl thiazole | FL |
| brown |
| | fenugreek oleoresin | FL/FR |
| | furfural | FL/FR |
| (E)- | tiglic acid | FL/FR |
| burnt |
| | furfuryl alcohol | FL |
| buttery |
| | butyl laevo-lactate | FL/FR |
| caramellic |
| | fenugreek resinoid | FL/FR |
| | maltol | FL/FR |
| | shoyu furanone | FL/FR |
| | toffee furanone | FL/FR |
| chocolate |
| | cocoa oleoresin | FL/FR |
| | cocoa propanal | FL |
| | creme de cocoa flavor | FL |
| cocoa |
| | butyraldehyde | FL |
| | cocoa distillates | FL |
| | cocoa hexenal | FL/FR |
| coffee |
| | diisoamyl thiomalate | FL |
| | methyl furfuryl disulfide | FL/FR |
| cooling |
| beta-homo | cyclocitral | FL/FR |
| corn chip |
| 2- | acetyl-2-thiazoline | FL |
| ethereal |
| iso | propenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| fatty |
| | cocoa butter distillates | FL |
| fermented |
| | methyl thio isovalerate | FL |
| floral |
| iso | amyl cinnamate | FL/FR |
| iso | amyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| | cocoa pentenal | FL/FR |
| 4,6- | dimethyl-alpha-allyl-3-cyclohexene methanol | |
| 2,4- | dimethyl-alpha-allyl-3-cyclohexene methanol | |
| fruity |
| 3- | benzyl-4-heptanone | FL/FR |
| | berry pentadienoate | FL/FR |
| | boysenberry essence | FL/FR |
| | butyl 2-methyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| | butyl hexanoate | FL/FR |
| | cherry oxyacetate | FL/FR |
| | cinnamyl isovalerate | FL/FR |
| red | currant essence | FL/FR |
| black | currant essence | FL/FR |
| | cyclohexyl isovalerate | FL/FR |
| alpha- | damascone | FL/FR |
| | ethyl (E)-2-methyl-2-pentenoate | FL |
| | ethyl 3-oxohexanoate | FL |
| | ethyl methyl-para-tolyl glycidate | FL/FR |
| | filbert hexenone | FL/FR |
| | furfuryl isovalerate | FL |
| | heliotropyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| | methyl 2-methyl valerate | FL/FR |
| 2- | methyl butyl 2-methyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| | nerolin fragarol | FL/FR |
| | osmanthus flower absolute | FL/FR |
| | phenethyl octanoate | FL/FR |
| iso | propyl formate | FL/FR |
| | propyl formate | FL/FR |
| red | raspberry essence | FL/FR |
| black | raspberry essence | FL/FR |
| | ribes nigrum fruit extract | FL/FR |
| | ribes rubrum fruit extract | FL/FR |
| | strawberry glycidate 2 | FL/FR |
| | strawberry infusion | FL/FR |
| | styralyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| | vanilla carboxylate | FL/FR |
| fusel |
| | amyl alcohol | FL/FR |
| white | cognac oil | FL/FR |
| 2- | methyl butyraldehyde | FL/FR |
| green |
| | butyl lactate | FL/FR |
| | cocoa butenal | FL/FR |
| 2- | ethyl butyraldehyde | FL |
| (Z)-3- | hexen-1-yl 2-methyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| | thiogeraniol | FL/FR |
| herbal |
| | barosma betulina leaf oil | FL/FR |
| honey |
| | ethyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| | phenyl acetaldehyde | FL/FR |
| jammy |
| | maltyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| meaty |
| 2,6- | dimethyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
| metallic |
| 2,5- | dihydroxy-1,4-dithiane | FL |
| minty |
| dextro- | carvone | FL/FR |
| musty |
| 2,5- | dimethyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
| | propionaldehyde | FL |
| 2,3,5- | trimethyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
| nutty |
| 2- | acetyl furan | FL/FR |
| 2- | acetyl pyrrole | FL/FR |
| 3,6- | cocoa pyrazine | FL/FR |
| | coffee furanone | FL/FR |
| 2,4- | dimethyl-5-vinyl thiazole | FL |
| | filbert pyrazine | FL/FR |
| 2,6- | lutidine | FL/FR |
| 2- | methyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
| 2,3,5,6- | tetramethyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
| 2,4,5- | trimethyl thiazole | FL/FR |
| | vinyl sulfurol | FL/FR |
| oily |
| 3- | nonen-2-one | FL/FR |
| roasted |
| 2- | acetyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
| | trigonella foenum-graecum seed oil CO2 extract | FL/FR |
| soapy |
| | ambrettolide | FL/FR |
| spicy |
| | caraway seed oleoresin | FL/FR |
| black | currant bud absolute | FL/FR |
| sulfurous |
| | buchu mercaptan | FL/FR |
| tonka |
| gamma- | valerolactone | FL/FR |
| waxy |
| | furfuryl octanoate | FL |
| whiskey |
| 3- | methyl-1-pentanol | FL/FR |
| woody |
| | ambrette seed absolute | FL/FR |
| beta- | ionone | FL/FR |
| |
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| | aldehyde C-5 | | | amyl aldehyde | | | amylaldehyde | | | butyl formal | | | pentan-1-al | | | pentanal | | N- | pentanal | | | pentyl aldehyde | | | sucol B | | | valeral | | N- | valeraldehyde | | | valeraldehyde FCC | | | valeraldehyde, natural | | | valerianic aldehyde | | | valeric acid aldehyde | | | valeric aldehyde | | N- | valeric aldehyde | | | valericaldehyde | | | valeryl aldehyde | | | valerylaldehyde |
Articles:
| PubMed: | An Exploration on the Suitability of Airborne Carbonyl Compounds Analysis in relation to Differences in Instrumentation (GC-MS versus HPLC-UV) and Standard Phases (Gas versus Liquid). |
| J-Stage: | Purification and Characterization of Alcohol Dehydrogenase Reducing N-Benzyl-3-Pyrrolidinone from Geotrichum capitatum |
| PubMed: | Recent advances in thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometery method to eliminate the matrix effect between air and water samples: Application to the accurate determination of Henry's law constant. |
| PubMed: | Experimental approach to assess sorptive loss properties of volatile organic compounds in the sampling bag system. |
| PubMed: | Functional characterizations of chemosensory proteins of the alfalfa plant bug Adelphocoris lineolatus indicate their involvement in host recognition. |
| PubMed: | Novel approach to test the relative recovery of liquid-phase standard in sorbent-tube analysis of gaseous volatile organic compounds. |
| PubMed: | Rapid analysis of aldehydes by simultaneous microextraction and derivatization followed by GC-MS. |
| PubMed: | Ambient levels of atmospheric carbonyls in Beijing during the 2008 Olympic Games. |
| PubMed: | A combined application of thermal desorber and gas chromatography to the analysis of gaseous carbonyls with the aid of two internal standards. |
| PubMed: | Preparation of furan and thiophene-derived fulvene dialdehydes: synthesis and structural characterization of a 22-oxa-21-carbaporphyrin and a related palladium(II) organometallic complex. |
| PubMed: | Determination of aldehydes in rainwater using micro-solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography. |
| PubMed: | Seasonal and diurnal variations of carbonyl compounds in the urban atmosphere of Guangzhou, China. |
| PubMed: | Sorptive removal of odorous carbonyl gases by water. |
| PubMed: | Experimental demonstration of masking phenomena between competing odorants via an air dilution sensory test. |
| PubMed: | Influences of sampling volume and sample concentration on the analysis of atmospheric carbonyls by 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine cartridge. |
| PubMed: | Chemical profile of rums as a function of their origin. The use of chemometric techniques for their identification. |
| PubMed: | Purification and characterization of alcohol dehydrogenase reducing N-benzyl-3-pyrrolidinone from Geotrichum capitatum. |
| PubMed: | Enantio- and diastereocontrolled total synthesis of (+)-boronolide. |
| PubMed: | [Determination of major flavor components in chinese spirits using a special domestic gas chromatograph with DNP packed column]. |
| PubMed: | [Pollution survey of carbonyl compounds in train air]. |
| PubMed: | Determination of aliphatic aldehydes by liquid chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection. |
| PubMed: | Ambient, indoor and personal exposure relationships of volatile organic compounds in Mexico City Metropolitan Area. |
| PubMed: | [Use of chromato-mass-spectrometry for the differential diagnosis of suppurative and nonsuppurative inflammations in the maxillofacial area in children]. |
| PubMed: | Stereocontrolled synthesis of (+)-boronolide. |
| PubMed: | Vapor/Solid chemisorption model for passive sampling of aldehydes. |
| PubMed: | Evaluation of n-valeraldehyde modified chitosan as a matrix for hydrophobic interaction chromatography. |
| PubMed: | Time-weighted average sampling of airborne n-valeraldehyde by a solid-phase microextration device. |
| PubMed: | Observation of volatile and semi-volatile carbonyls in an Algerian urban environment using dinitrophenylhydrazine/silica-HPLC and pentafluorophenylhydrazine/silica-GC-MS. |
| PubMed: | Determination of carbonyl compounds in air by electrochromatography. |
| PubMed: | Synthesis of the O-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl)hydroxylamine oximes of selected carbonyl compounds and their determination by liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. |
| PubMed: | Airborne aldehydes from heating rosin core solder and liquid rosin flux to soldering temperatures. |
| PubMed: | Optimization of a solid sorbent dynamic personal air sampling method for aldehydes. |
| PubMed: | A new passive sampler for regulated workplace aldehydes. |
| PubMed: | Comparative evaluation of cytotoxicity and metabolism of four aldehydes in two hepatoma cell lines. |
| PubMed: | DNA single and double strand breaks induced by aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes in combination with copper (II). |
| PubMed: | Regulation by progesterone and pregnenolone of dimeric aldehyde dehydrogenase from rat testis cytoplasm. |
| PubMed: | Behavioral responses to food volatiles by two species of stored-product coleoptera,Sitophilus oryzae (curculionidae) andTribolium castaneum (tenebrionidae). |
| PubMed: | Heat sterilization of fluids for peritoneal dialysis gives rise to aldehydes. |
| PubMed: | Catalysis by cytochrome P-450 of an oxidative reaction in xenobiotic aldehyde metabolism: deformylation with olefin formation. |
| PubMed: | Microsomal metabolism of the Z and E isomers of N-nitroso-N-methyl-N-n-pentylamine. |
| PubMed: | Blood and brain n-pentanol in inhalation exposure. |
| PubMed: | DNA-damaging activity of biotic and xenobiotic aldehydes in Chinese hamster ovary cells. |
| PubMed: | Phencyclidine metabolism in vitro. The formation of a carbinolamine and its metabolites by rabbit liver preparations. |
| PubMed: | Efficiency of proton extrusion by chemically modified mitochondria. |
| PubMed: | Effects of aliphatic alcohols and aldehydes on fluidity of spin-labeled synaptosomal plasma membranes. |
| PubMed: | [Synthesis of long chain alkyne and alkene ketoalcohols and their derivatives]. |
| PubMed: | The role of (14C, 15N)5-(methylthio) valeraldehyde oxime as a precursor of progoitrin. |
| PubMed: | Attraction of flies by iso-valeraldehyde. |
| PubMed: | Preparation of dihydropyran delta-hydroxyvaleraldehyde and 1,5-pentanediol from tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol. |
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