|
Category: fragrance agents
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
| Appearance: | colorless to pale yellow clear liquid (est) |
| Assay: | 96.00 to 100.00 % sum of isomers
|
| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
| Boiling Point: | 217.00 to 218.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
|
| Vapor Pressure: | 0.186000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est) |
| Flash Point: | 177.00 °F. TCC ( 80.56 °C. )
|
| logP (o/w): | 3.769 (est) |
| Soluble in: |
| | alcohol | | | water, 21 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) |
| Insoluble in: |
| | water |
Organoleptic Properties:
| |
| Odor Type: floral |
| |
| Odor Strength: | medium |
| |
| Substantivity: | < 4 hour(s) at 100.00 % |
| |
| | floral green earthy spicy geranium vegetable |
Odor Description: at 100.00 %. | floral green earthy spicy geranium vegetable |
| |
| Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
| |
| Givaudan |
| Gyrane |
| Odor Description: | Geranium, Floral, Green Gyrane is a radiant green floral with spicy geranium aspects. It supports the fresh green top-notes of a fragrance, and works well with materials such as Ligustral, Neofolione and cis-3 hexenol derivatives. |
| |
| |
Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
| Augustus Oils |
| Gyrane
|
| Services |
| BOC Sciences |
| For experimental / research use only. |
| 2H-Pyran,6-butyl-3,6-dihydro-2,4-dimethyl-
|
| Givaudan |
| Gyrane
Odor: Geranium, Floral, Green Use: Gyrane is a radiant green floral with spicy geranium aspects. It supports the fresh green top-notes of a fragrance, and works well with materials such as Ligustral, Neofolione and cis-3 hexenol derivatives. |
| Indukern F&F |
| GYRANE
Odor: GERANIUM, FLORAL, GREEN |
| Lluch Essence |
| GYRANE
|
| Penta International |
| 2-BUTYL-4,6-DIMETHYLDIHYDROPYRAN
|
| Vigon International |
| Gyrane
Odor: Geranium, Floral, Green |
Safety Information:
| |
| Hazards identification |
| |
| Classification of the substance or mixture |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
| None found. |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
| |
| Pictogram | |
| |
| Hazard statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Precautionary statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
oral-rat LD50 > 5000 mg/kg Food and Chemical Toxicology. Vol. 26, Pg. 289, 1988.
|
| Dermal Toxicity: |
skin-rabbit LD50 > 5000 mg/kg Food and Chemical Toxicology. Vol. 26, Pg. 289, 1988.
|
| Inhalation Toxicity: |
|
Not determined
|
Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | fragrance agents |
| RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search |
| IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice |
| Recommendation for geranium dihydropyran usage levels up to: | | | 10.0000 % in the fragrance concentrate.
|
| |
| Recommendation for geranium dihydropyran flavor usage levels up to: |
| | not for flavor use.
|
Safety References:
References:
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
| |
| For Odor |
| aldehydic |
| iso | butyraldehyde | FL/FR |
| 6,7,8- | decen-1-ol | FR |
| | dodecanal (aldehyde C-12 lauric) | FL/FR |
| 3- | methyl-4-hexyl oxybutyraldehyde | FR |
| alliaceous |
| | dibutyl sulfide | FL/FR |
| anise |
| | fennel fragrance | FR |
| balsamic |
| | benzophenone | FR |
| | bornyl formate | FL/FR |
| iso | bornyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| | cinnamyl formate | FL/FR |
| caramellic |
| 2-iso | butyl-3-methyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
| citrus |
| | bergamot oil | FL/FR |
| | bergamot oil bergaptene reduced italy | FL/FR |
| | bergamot oil turkey | FL/FR |
| | citral dimethyl acetal | FL/FR |
| | citrus floral green fragrance | FR |
| 2,4- | dimethyl-3-cyclohexene-1-methanyl acetate | FR |
| | nonanal dimethyl acetal | FL/FR |
| (E)-2- | tetradecenal | FL/FR |
| 2- | tetradecenal | FL/FR |
| coconut |
| delta- | heptalactone | FL/FR |
| earthy |
| 1- | nonen-3-ol | FL/FR |
| 3- | octen-2-one | FL/FR |
| 1- | octen-3-ol | FL/FR |
| fatty |
| 2- | decenal | FL/FR |
| (Z)-3- | octen-1-ol | FL/FR |
| floral |
| | acetaldehyde dibutyl acetal | FL/FR |
| | aeolanthus graveolens oil | FR |
| | aglaia odorata absolute | FR |
| | amyl benzoate | FL/FR |
| | amyl salicylate | FL/FR |
| | anisyl propanal / methyl anthranilate schiff's base | FR |
| | boronia concrete | FL/FR |
| alpha- | butyl cinnamaldehyde | FL/FR |
| | cassie absolute replacer | FL/FR |
| laevo- | citronellol | FL/FR |
| | citronellyl acetate | FL/FR |
| | citronellyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| | citronellyl propionate | FL/FR |
| (E)- | citronellyl tiglate | FL/FR |
| | coriander seed oil CO2 extract | FL/FR |
| | cumin carbinol | FR |
| iso | cyclodimethyl octanol | FR |
| | cyclohexyl ethyl acetate | FL/FR |
| | cyclohexyl propanol | FR |
| 2- | decalinol | FR |
| | dictamnus hispanicus oil | FR |
| | dihydrocarvyl acetate | FL/FR |
| (±)-2,3- | dihydrofarnesol | FL/FR |
| | dihydroisojasmonate methyl ester | FR |
| | dihydrorose oxide | FR |
| | dimethyl benzyl carbinol | FL/FR |
| | dimethyl benzyl carbinyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| 6,8- | dimethyl-2-nonanol | FR |
| | ethyl 2-benzyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| | ethyl phenoxyacetate | FR |
| | farnesol | FL/FR |
| | farnesyl acetate | FL/FR |
| | floral butanal | FR |
| | floral pyran | FR |
| | floral undecenone | FR |
| | gardenia absolute | FR |
| | gardenia acetal | FR |
| | gardenia concrete | FR |
| | gardenia fragrance | FR |
| | gardenia specialty | FR |
| | gardenia taitensis flower absolute | FR |
| | geranium essence | FL/FR |
| | geranium leaf oil india | FL/FR |
| | geranium nitrile | FR |
| | geranium oil | FL/FR |
| | geranium oil africa | FL/FR |
| | geranium oil bourbon | FL/FR |
| | geranium oil bourbon replacer | FR |
| | geranium oil china | FL/FR |
| | geranium oil egypt | FL/FR |
| | geranium oil egypt fractions | FR |
| | geranium oil morocco | FL/FR |
| | geranium oil replacer | FR |
| | geranium oil rwanda | FL/FR |
| | geranium oil terpeneless | FL/FR |
| | geranium petiole oil india | FL/FR |
| | geranium pyran | FR |
| | geranium rose oil | FL/FR |
| | geranium rose-scented oil cuba | FR |
| | geranium specialty | FR |
| | geranyl acetone | FL/FR |
| | geranyl anthranilate | FR |
| | geranyl formate | FL/FR |
| | geranyl hexanoate | FL/FR |
| | geranyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| | geranyl tiglate | FL/FR |
| (Z)-4- | hepten-2-yl salicylate | FR |
| (Z)-3- | hexen-1-yl salicylate | FL/FR |
| alpha- | hexyl cinnamaldehyde | FL/FR |
| | hexyl lactate | FL/FR |
| | hyacinth absolute replacer | FR |
| | hyacinth oil | FR |
| | hydrangea fragrance | FR |
| | hydroxycitronellal diethyl acetal | FL/FR |
| | hydroxycitronellal propylene glycol acetal | FL/FR |
| | jasmin cyclopentanol | FR |
| | jonquil absolute | FR |
| | jonquil absolute replacer | FR |
| | jonquil fragrance | FR |
| | lilac absolute | FR |
| calla | lily fragrance | FR |
| | lily fragrance | FR |
| | lily propanol | FR |
| | linalool oxide | FL/FR |
| | linalyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| | lotus fragrance | FR |
| | magnolia indene | FR |
| (2- | methoxy-1-methyl propyl) benzene | FR |
| (3- | methoxy-2-methyl propyl) benzene | FR |
| 1-(2- | methyl allyl oxy)-2-methyl butane | FR |
| | methyl citronellate | FL/FR |
| 4- | methyl-4-phenyl-2-pentanol | FR |
| | mimosa absolute | FL/FR |
| | mimosa absolute france | FL/FR |
| | mimosa absolute india | FL/FR |
| | mimosa absolute replacer | FR |
| | mimosa fragrance | FR |
| | mimosa specialty | FR |
| | muguet butanol | FR |
| | musk acetate | FR |
| | narcissus absolute replacer | FR |
| | narcissus fragrance | FR |
| | narcissus specialty | FR |
| | nerol | FL/FR |
| | neroli oil CO2 extract | FL/FR |
| | nerolidol | FL/FR |
| (E)- | nerolidol | FL/FR |
| | neryl formate | FL/FR |
| | ocean propanal | FL/FR |
| | ocean propanal / methyl anthranilate schiff's base | FR |
| | octyl acetate | FL/FR |
| | orange leaf absolute | FL/FR |
| bitter | orangeflower absolute tunisia | FL/FR |
| | palmarosa oil | FL/FR |
| | palmarosa oil replacer | FR |
| | papaya isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| | pelargonium graveolens extract | FL/FR |
| | pelargonium graveolens flower water | FR |
| | pelargonium graveolens flower/leaf/stem water | FR |
| | peony acetonitrile | FR |
| | phenethyl pivalate | FL/FR |
| | phenyl acetaldehyde dicitronellyl acetal | FR |
| | phenyl acetaldehyde digeranyl acetal | FR |
| | phenyl acetaldehyde diisobutyl acetal | FL/FR |
| 2- | phenyl propionaldehyde ethylene glycol acetal | FR |
| 2- | phenyl propyl acetate | FL/FR |
| | rhodinol | FL/FR |
| | rhodinyl acetate | FL/FR |
| | rhodinyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| | rhodinyl formate | FL/FR |
| | rhodinyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| | rhodinyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| | rhodinyl propionate | FL/FR |
| | rose absolute pentanol | FR |
| | rose butanoate | FL/FR |
| | rose geranium fragrance | FR |
| (Z)- | rose oxide | FL/FR |
| laevo- | rose oxide | FL/FR |
| | rose pyran | FR |
| (R)- | styralyl alcohol | FL/FR |
| | styralyl formate | FL/FR |
| | sweet pea absolute | FR |
| | terpinyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| 5- | tricyclodecenyl acetate | FR |
| (S,E)-3,7,11- | trimethyldodeca-6,10-dienal | FR |
| | verdyl acetate | FR |
| | violet methyl carbonate | FR |
| | violet specialty | FR |
| | ylang ylang flower oil III | FL/FR |
| fresh |
| 3-(3- | propen-2-yl phenyl) butanal | FR |
| fruity |
| | amyl formate | FL/FR |
| | benzyl methyl ether | FL/FR |
| | butyl propionate | FL/FR |
| | citronellyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| | cyclohexyl crotonate | FR |
| | dimethyl succinate | FL/FR |
| | ethyl methyl-para-tolyl glycidate | FL/FR |
| | neryl propionate | FL/FR |
| | peach pivalate | FR |
| 2- | pentyl furan | FL/FR |
| | tropical ionone | FL/FR |
| fungal |
| | jasmin nonane | FR |
| green |
| iso | amyl 3-(2-furan) propionate | FL/FR |
| iso | butyl benzyl carbinol | FL/FR |
| 2-iso | butyl thiazole | FL/FR |
| | chrysanthemum oxide | FL/FR |
| | cortex pyridine | FL/FR |
| | cumin acetaldehyde | FL/FR |
| | decanal propylene glycol acetal | FL/FR |
| alpha,alpha- | dimethyl benzyl alcohol | FL/FR |
| 3,7- | dimethyl-6-octenoic acid | FL/FR |
| | diphenyl methane | FL/FR |
| | diphenyl oxide | FL/FR |
| | earthy acetal | FL/FR |
| | ferula galbaniflua gum extract | FL/FR |
| | flower hexene | FR |
| | galbanum resinoid replacer | FR |
| | geranium absolute | FL/FR |
| | geranium fragrance | FR |
| | geranium stem oil india | FL/FR |
| | geranium thiazole | FL/FR |
| | green cyclopropionate | FR |
| (Z)-3- | hepten-1-ol | FL/FR |
| (Z)-3- | hexen-1-yl acetoacetate | FL/FR |
| (Z)-3- | hexen-1-yl angelate | FR |
| (Z)-3- | hexen-1-yl tiglate | FL/FR |
| | hexyl (Z)-tiglate | FL/FR |
| | hyacinth absolute | FL/FR |
| | ivy dioxolane | FR |
| | ivy fragrance | FR |
| (2- | methoxy-1-methyl butyl) benzene | FR |
| [(4E,4Z)-5- | methoxy-3-methyl-4-penten-1-yl] benzene | FR |
| | methyl cyclocitrone (IFF) | FR |
| para- | methyl hydratropaldehyde | FL/FR |
| | methyl octine carbonate | FL/FR |
| 4- | methyl-4-phenyl pentanone | FR |
| | octanal dimethyl acetal | FL/FR |
| | octyl oxyacetaldehyde | FR |
| | pelargonium graveolens stem leaf extract | FR |
| | phenyl acetaldehyde solution | FL/FR |
| | rose furan epoxide | FL/FR |
| | terpinyl propionate | FL/FR |
| 2,4,8- | trimethyl-5-oxatricyclo(6.2.1.0*2,6*)undecane | FR |
| herbal |
| | chrysanthemum fragrance | FR |
| | chrysanthemum ketone | FR |
| | clary sage absolute | FL/FR |
| | coriander oleoresin | FL/FR |
| | dihexyl (E)-fumarate | FR |
| | geranium concrete | FL/FR |
| | geranium cyclohexane | FR |
| 6- | hydroxydihydrotheaspirane (mixture of isomers) | FL/FR |
| | linalyl acetate | FL/FR |
| | marigold absolute (tagetes patula) | FR |
| 2- | methyl butyl salicylate | FL/FR |
| (1S,5R)- | myrtenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| | phenyl acetaldehyde diisoamyl acetal | FR |
| | rain forest specialty | FR |
| medicinal |
| | kunzea ericoides leaf oil | FR |
| mentholic |
| laevo- | menthyl acetate | FL/FR |
| minty |
| iso | propyl tiglate | FL/FR |
| spicy |
| alpha- | caryophyllene alcohol | FL/FR |
| beta- | caryophyllene alcohol | FL/FR |
| | cinnamyl propionate | FL/FR |
| iso | cyclogeraniol (IFF) | FR |
| | ginger oleoresin | FL/FR |
| | spicy carbonate | FR |
| sulfurous |
| | lychee mercaptan acetate | FL/FR |
| tea |
| | camellia oleifera leaf extract | FL/FR |
| terpenic |
| | angelica seed oil | FL/FR |
| vegetable |
| | methional | FL/FR |
| waxy |
| 3- | decanone | FL/FR |
| woody |
| | convolvulus scoparius wood oil | FR |
| |
| For Flavor |
| |
| No flavor group found for these |
| | acetaldehyde dibutyl acetal | FL/FR |
| | amyl benzoate | FL/FR |
| | bornyl formate | FL/FR |
| | boronia concrete | FL/FR |
| beta- | caryophyllene alcohol | FL/FR |
| alpha- | caryophyllene alcohol | FL/FR |
| | cassie absolute replacer | FL/FR |
| | decanal propylene glycol acetal | FL/FR |
| 3- | decanone | FL/FR |
| (±)-2,3- | dihydrofarnesol | FL/FR |
| alpha,alpha- | dimethyl benzyl alcohol | FL/FR |
| | earthy acetal | FL/FR |
| | ethyl 2-benzyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| | geranyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| (Z)-3- | hepten-1-ol | FL/FR |
| (Z)-3- | hexen-1-yl acetoacetate | FL/FR |
| | hexyl (Z)-tiglate | FL/FR |
| | hyacinth absolute | FL/FR |
| | hydroxycitronellal propylene glycol acetal | FL/FR |
| | linalyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| 2- | methyl butyl salicylate | FL/FR |
| | phenyl acetaldehyde solution | FL/FR |
| 2- | phenyl propyl acetate | FL/FR |
| | rose furan epoxide | FL/FR |
| (R)- | styralyl alcohol | FL/FR |
| | styralyl formate | FL/FR |
| | terpinyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| 2- | tetradecenal | FL/FR |
|
| iso | amyl 3-(2-furan) propionate | FL/FR |
| alpha- | butyl cinnamaldehyde | FL/FR |
| aldehydic |
| iso | butyraldehyde | FL/FR |
| amber |
| | angelica seed oil | FL/FR |
| iso | butyl benzyl carbinol | FL/FR |
| aromatic |
| | amyl salicylate | FL/FR |
| balsamic |
| iso | bornyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| | phenethyl pivalate | FL/FR |
| 6- | hydroxydihydrotheaspirane (mixture of isomers) | FL/FR |
| citrus |
| | bergamot oil | FL/FR |
| | bergamot oil bergaptene reduced italy | FL/FR |
| | bergamot oil turkey | FL/FR |
| | citral dimethyl acetal | FL/FR |
| | nerol | FL/FR |
| creamy |
| 3- | octen-2-one | FL/FR |
| earthy |
| 1- | nonen-3-ol | FL/FR |
| fatty |
| 2- | decenal | FL/FR |
| (Z)-3- | octen-1-ol | FL/FR |
| floral |
| | cinnamyl propionate | FL/FR |
| laevo- | citronellol | FL/FR |
| | citronellyl acetate | FL/FR |
| | citronellyl propionate | FL/FR |
| | dihydrocarvyl acetate | FL/FR |
| | dimethyl benzyl carbinyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| 3,7- | dimethyl-6-octenoic acid | FL/FR |
| | farnesol | FL/FR |
| | farnesyl acetate | FL/FR |
| | geranium essence | FL/FR |
| | geranium leaf oil india | FL/FR |
| | geranium oil | FL/FR |
| | geranium oil africa | FL/FR |
| | geranium oil bourbon | FL/FR |
| | geranium oil china | FL/FR |
| | geranium oil egypt | FL/FR |
| | geranium oil morocco | FL/FR |
| | geranium oil rwanda | FL/FR |
| | geranium oil terpeneless | FL/FR |
| | geranium petiole oil india | FL/FR |
| | geranium rose oil | FL/FR |
| | geranyl acetone | FL/FR |
| | geranyl tiglate | FL/FR |
| | linalyl acetate | FL/FR |
| | methyl citronellate | FL/FR |
| | neroli oil CO2 extract | FL/FR |
| | ocean propanal | FL/FR |
| | orange leaf absolute | FL/FR |
| bitter | orangeflower absolute tunisia | FL/FR |
| | pelargonium graveolens extract | FL/FR |
| | rhodinol | FL/FR |
| | rhodinyl acetate | FL/FR |
| | rhodinyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| | rhodinyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| laevo- | rose oxide | FL/FR |
| | tropical ionone | FL/FR |
| | ylang ylang flower oil III | FL/FR |
| fruity |
| | amyl formate | FL/FR |
| | benzyl methyl ether | FL/FR |
| | butyl propionate | FL/FR |
| | citronellyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| | citronellyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| | dimethyl succinate | FL/FR |
| | ethyl methyl-para-tolyl glycidate | FL/FR |
| | geranyl hexanoate | FL/FR |
| | hexyl lactate | FL/FR |
| | neryl formate | FL/FR |
| | rhodinyl formate | FL/FR |
| | rhodinyl propionate | FL/FR |
| | rose butanoate | FL/FR |
| grassy |
| | palmarosa oil | FL/FR |
| green |
| 2-iso | butyl thiazole | FL/FR |
| 2-iso | butyl-3-methyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
| | chrysanthemum oxide | FL/FR |
| (E)- | citronellyl tiglate | FL/FR |
| | cortex pyridine | FL/FR |
| | cumin acetaldehyde | FL/FR |
| | cyclohexyl ethyl acetate | FL/FR |
| | dibutyl sulfide | FL/FR |
| | diphenyl methane | FL/FR |
| | diphenyl oxide | FL/FR |
| | ferula galbaniflua gum extract | FL/FR |
| | geranium absolute | FL/FR |
| | geranium stem oil india | FL/FR |
| | geranium thiazole | FL/FR |
| | geranyl formate | FL/FR |
| (Z)-3- | hexen-1-yl salicylate | FL/FR |
| (Z)-3- | hexen-1-yl tiglate | FL/FR |
| | linalool oxide | FL/FR |
| para- | methyl hydratropaldehyde | FL/FR |
| | methyl octine carbonate | FL/FR |
| | nerolidol | FL/FR |
| (E)- | nerolidol | FL/FR |
| | neryl propionate | FL/FR |
| | nonanal dimethyl acetal | FL/FR |
| | octanal dimethyl acetal | FL/FR |
| | papaya isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| 2- | pentyl furan | FL/FR |
| | phenyl acetaldehyde diisobutyl acetal | FL/FR |
| iso | propyl tiglate | FL/FR |
| (Z)- | rose oxide | FL/FR |
| | terpinyl propionate | FL/FR |
| herbal |
| | clary sage absolute | FL/FR |
| | coriander oleoresin | FL/FR |
| | coriander seed oil CO2 extract | FL/FR |
| | geranium concrete | FL/FR |
| juicy |
| | lychee mercaptan acetate | FL/FR |
| lactonic |
| delta- | heptalactone | FL/FR |
| medicinal |
| | dimethyl benzyl carbinol | FL/FR |
| melon |
| | hydroxycitronellal diethyl acetal | FL/FR |
| minty |
| laevo- | menthyl acetate | FL/FR |
| mushroom |
| 1- | octen-3-ol | FL/FR |
| soapy |
| | dodecanal (aldehyde C-12 lauric) | FL/FR |
| spicy |
| | cinnamyl formate | FL/FR |
| | ginger oleoresin | FL/FR |
| tea |
| | camellia oleifera leaf extract | FL/FR |
| tomato |
| | methional | FL/FR |
| waxy |
| alpha- | hexyl cinnamaldehyde | FL/FR |
| | mimosa absolute | FL/FR |
| | mimosa absolute france | FL/FR |
| | mimosa absolute india | FL/FR |
| | octyl acetate | FL/FR |
| | rhodinyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| (E)-2- | tetradecenal | FL/FR |
| woody |
| (1S,5R)- | myrtenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| |
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| | butyl dihydrodimethyl pyran | | 6- | butyl-2,4-dimethyl dihydropyrane | | 6- | butyl-2,4-dimethyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran | | 6- | butyl-2,4-dimethyldihydropyrane | | 6- | butyl-3,6-dihydro-2,4-dimethyl-2H-pyran | | 2- | butyl-4,6-dimethyl dihydropyrane | | 2- | butyl-4,6-dimethyl-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran | | 2- | butyl-4,6-dimethyldihydropyran | | | geranium dihydropyran | | | gyrane (Givaudan) | | 2H- | pyran, 3,6-dihydro-6-butyl-2,4-dimethyl- | | 2H- | pyran, 6-butyl-3,6-dihydro-2,4-dimethyl- |
Articles:
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