|
Category: flavor and fragrance agents
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
| Appearance: | colorless to pale yellow solid (est) |
| Assay: | 92.00 to 100.00 %
|
| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
| Melting Point: | 20.00 to 21.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
|
| Boiling Point: | 166.00 °C. @ 24.00 mm Hg
|
| Boiling Point: | 260.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
|
| Acid Value: | 15.00 max. KOH/g
|
| Vapor Pressure: | 0.006000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est) |
| Flash Point: | 230.00 °F. TCC ( 110.00 °C. )
|
| logP (o/w): | 6.008 (est) |
| Soluble in: |
| | alcohol | | | dipropylene glycol | | | water, 0.4852 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) |
| Insoluble in: |
| | water |
Organoleptic Properties:
| |
| Odor Type: waxy |
| |
| Odor Strength: | medium |
| |
| Substantivity: | 400 hour(s) at 100.00 % |
| |
| | fatty waxy amber incense dry citrus peel musk |
Odor Description: at 100.00 %. | fatty waxy amber incense dry citrus peel musk Luebke, William tgsc, (1987) |
| |
| | fatty waxy dairy creamy fishy fruity pear |
Odor Description:
| Fatty, waxy, dairy, creamy and fishy with a fruity, pear nuance Mosciano, Gerard P&F 22, No. 3, 47, (1997) |
| |
| |
| Flavor Type: fatty |
| |
| | fatty lactonic coconut woody fishy fruity |
Taste Description: at 10.00 ppm. | Fatty, lactonic, coconut, woody and fishy with a fruity nuance Mosciano, Gerard P&F 22, No. 3, 47, (1997) |
| |
| Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
| |
| |
Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
| Preferred SDS: View |
| European information : |
| Most important hazard(s): | | None - None found. |
S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children. S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. S 36 - Wear suitable protective clothing.
|
| |
| Hazards identification |
| |
| Classification of the substance or mixture |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
| None found. |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
| |
| Pictogram | |
| |
| Hazard statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Precautionary statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Human Experience: |
| 1 % solution: no irritation or sensitization. |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
oral-rat LD50 > 5000 mg/kg Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 11, Pg. 487, 1973.
|
| Dermal Toxicity: |
skin-rabbit LD50 > 10000 mg/kg Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 11, Pg. 487, 1973.
|
| Inhalation Toxicity: |
|
Not determined
|
Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | flavor and fragrance agents |
| RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search |
| IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice |
| Recommendation for tetradecanal usage levels up to: | | | 1.0000 % in the fragrance concentrate.
|
| |
| Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). |
| The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library |
| publication number: 3 |
| Click here to view publication 3 |
| | average usual ppm | average maximum ppm |
| baked goods: | 0.08000 | 24.00000 |
| beverages(nonalcoholic): | - | 2.70000 |
| beverages(alcoholic): | - | - |
| breakfast cereal: | - | - |
| cheese: | - | - |
| chewing gum: | - | - |
| condiments / relishes: | - | - |
| confectionery froastings: | - | - |
| egg products: | - | - |
| fats / oils: | - | - |
| fish products: | - | - |
| frozen dairy: | 0.06000 | 8.00000 |
| fruit ices: | 0.06000 | 8.00000 |
| gelatins / puddings: | - | 0.15000 |
| granulated sugar: | - | - |
| gravies: | - | - |
| hard candy: | - | 1.90000 |
| imitation dairy: | - | - |
| instant coffee / tea: | - | - |
| jams / jellies: | - | - |
| meat products: | - | - |
| milk products: | - | - |
| nut products: | - | - |
| other grains: | - | - |
| poultry: | - | - |
| processed fruits: | - | - |
| processed vegetables: | - | - |
| reconstituted vegetables: | - | - |
| seasonings / flavors: | - | - |
| snack foods: | - | - |
| soft candy: | - | - |
| soups: | - | - |
| sugar substitutes: | - | - |
| sweet sauces: | - | - |
Safety References:
References:
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
| |
| For Odor |
| No odor group found for these |
| (S)-gamma- | valerolactone | |
| aldehydic |
| | decanal (aldehyde C-10) | FL/FR |
| 2- | methyl undecanal dimethyl acetal | FR |
| | nonanal (aldehyde C-9) | FL/FR |
| amber |
| | amber furan | FR |
| | amber oxepin | FR |
| | ambroxan | FL/FR |
| | angelica root oil | FL/FR |
| | cistus ladaniferus absolute resin | FL/FR |
| | cistus ladaniferus resinoid | FL/FR |
| animal |
| | animal carbolactone | FR |
| | civet (natural) | FL/FR |
| | costus valerolactone | FR |
| anise |
| | anise seed oil colombia | FL/FR |
| anisic |
| para- | anisaldehyde | FL/FR |
| balsamic |
| | amyris wood oil | FL/FR |
| | benzyl salicylate | FL/FR |
| iso | bornyl acetate | FL/FR |
| | ethyl cinnamate | FL/FR |
| | fir balsam absolute | FR |
| | mastic gum resin | FR |
| | myrrh resin | FL/FR |
| | opoponax absolute (commiphora erythraea var. glabrescens engle) | FL/FR |
| | opoponax absolute replacer | FR |
| | opoponax resin (commiphora erythraea var. glabrescens engler) | FL/FR |
| | opoponax resinoid (commiphora erythraea var. glabrescens engle) | FR |
| | opoponax resinoid replacer | FR |
| | oriental specialty | FR |
| | terpinyl isovalerate | FL/FR |
| berry |
| | raspberry ketone methyl ether | FL/FR |
| buttery |
| | butter cream fragrance | FR |
| citrus |
| | grapefruit fragrance | FR |
| | grapefruit oil | FL/FR |
| | grapefruit oil c.p. (citrus paradisi var. duncan) italy | |
| | grapefruit oil c.p. (citrus paradisi var. falvedo) | |
| | grapefruit oil c.p. (citrus paradisi var. foster) russia | |
| | grapefruit oil c.p. (citrus paradisi var. jubilee) russia | |
| | grapefruit oil c.p. (citrus paradisi var. marsh seedless) | |
| | grapefruit oil c.p. (citrus paradisi var. marsh seedless) russia | |
| | grapefruit oil c.p. (citrus paradisi var. red blush) | |
| | grapefruit oil c.p. california | FL/FR |
| | grapefruit oil c.p. florida | FL/FR |
| | grapefruit oil CO2 extract (citrus paradisi macf. var. falvedo) | FL/FR |
| | grapefruit oil folded california | FL/FR |
| | grapefruit oil replacer | FL/FR |
| | grapefruit specialty | FR |
| 2- | methyl decanal (aldehyde C-11 MOA) | FL/FR |
| bitter | orange peel oil | FL/FR |
| 2- | tetradecenal | FL/FR |
| coconut |
| delta- | heptalactone | FL/FR |
| gamma- | nonalactone (aldehyde C-18 (so-called)) | FL/FR |
| gamma- | octalactone | FL/FR |
| creamy |
| | creamy lactone | FL/FR |
| dairy |
| | milk fragrance | FR |
| fatty |
| | allyl octanoate | FL/FR |
| (Z)- | dairy lactone | FL/FR |
| (E,E)-2,4- | decadien-1-ol | FL/FR |
| 2,4- | decadien-1-ol | FL/FR |
| | decane nitrile | FR |
| | decanol | FL/FR |
| (E)-2- | decen-1-ol | FL/FR |
| 2- | decen-1-ol | FL/FR |
| (E)-2- | decenal | FL/FR |
| | ethyl undecylenate | FL/FR |
| delta- | juniper lactone | FL/FR |
| | methyl 10-undecenoate | FL/FR |
| 4- | methyl octanoic acid | FL/FR |
| (Z)-2- | nonenal | CS |
| delta- | octadecalactone | FL/FR |
| | octanoic acid | FL/FR |
| (Z)- | oleic acid | FL/FR |
| (E,Z,Z)-2,4,7- | tridecatrienal | FL/FR |
| floral |
| alpha- | amyl cinnamaldehyde / methyl anthranilate schiff's base | FR |
| | coriander seed oil | FL/FR |
| | cyclamen aldehyde | FL/FR |
| | decanal / methyl anthranilate schiff's base | FR |
| | dimethyl anthranilate | FL/FR |
| | dimethyl benzyl carbinol | FL/FR |
| (±)-4- | ethyl octanal | FL/FR |
| | floral pyranol | FR |
| | heliotropyl acetone | FL/FR |
| | jasmin concrete | FR |
| | jasmin concrete morocco | FR |
| laevo- | linalool | FL/FR |
| | nerolidol | FL/FR |
| | nonanol | FL/FR |
| | ocean propanal | FL/FR |
| | rose butanoate | FL/FR |
| | rose concrete (rosa damascena) | FR |
| | tuberolide | FL/FR |
| | tuberose absolute (from pommade) | FL/FR |
| green |
| green | cognac oil | FL/FR |
| 3,7- | dimethyl-6-octenoic acid | FL/FR |
| (Z)-3- | hepten-1-ol | FL/FR |
| (Z)-4- | heptenal diethyl acetal | FL/FR |
| herbal |
| | butyl levulinate | FL/FR |
| | carum carvi fruit oil | FL/FR |
| | clary sage oil france | FL/FR |
| | daucus carota fruit oil | FL/FR |
| | lavender absolute bulgaria | FL/FR |
| melon |
| | watermelon ketone | FR |
| mossy |
| | veramoss (IFF) | FR |
| musk |
| iso | ambrettolide | FL/FR |
| | musk lactone | FR |
| | musk methyl ketone | FR |
| oily |
| | amyl laurate | FL/FR |
| soapy |
| | benzyl laurate | FL/FR |
| | ethyl undecanoate | FL/FR |
| spicy |
| | cassia bark oil china | FL/FR |
| black | currant bud absolute | FL/FR |
| iso | eugenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| terpenic |
| | frankincense oil | FL/FR |
| | juniperus communis fruit oil | FL/FR |
| tonka |
| 6- | amyl-alpha-pyrone | FL/FR |
| (±)- | dihydromint lactone | FL/FR |
| | octahydrocoumarin | FL/FR |
| | tonka bean absolute | FR |
| | whiskey lactone | FL/FR |
| waxy |
| (Z)-5- | decen-1-ol | |
| (Z)-4- | decen-1-ol | FL/FR |
| 1- | dodecanol | FL/FR |
| | ethyl laurate | FL/FR |
| | methyl myristate | FL/FR |
| | methyl palmitate | FL/FR |
| | methyl undecanoate | FR |
| | myristic acid | FL/FR |
| 2,4- | nonadien-1-ol | FL/FR |
| | palmitic acid | FR |
| 2- | tridecanone | FL/FR |
| woody |
| | amber carbinol | FR |
| | amber pentadecane | FR |
| | ambrene acetal | FR |
| | amyris acetate | FR |
| | anthocephalus cadamba oil | FR |
| | cedrol methyl ether | FR |
| | cedryl methyl ether | FR |
| | cistus twig/leaf oil | FL/FR |
| | dihydro-beta-ionone | FL/FR |
| | frankincense resin | FL/FR |
| | frankincense resinoid | FL/FR |
| | guaiacwood oil | FL/FR |
| (-)-iso | longifolene | FR |
| iso | longifolene ketone | FR |
| | methyl cedryl ketone | FL/FR |
| | patchouli ethanone | FR |
| | santall | FR |
| | spruce needle oil canada | FL/FR |
| | woody acetate | FR |
| | woody propanol | FR |
| |
| For Flavor |
| |
| No flavor group found for these |
| | amyl laurate | FL/FR |
| | cistus ladaniferus resinoid | FL/FR |
| (Z)-5- | decen-1-ol | |
| (Z)-4- | decen-1-ol | FL/FR |
| (E)-2- | decen-1-ol | FL/FR |
| | elecampane root oil | FL |
| (±)-4- | ethyl octanal | FL/FR |
| | grapefruit oil c.p. (citrus paradisi var. duncan) italy | |
| | grapefruit oil c.p. (citrus paradisi var. falvedo) | |
| | grapefruit oil c.p. (citrus paradisi var. foster) russia | |
| | grapefruit oil c.p. (citrus paradisi var. jubilee) russia | |
| | grapefruit oil c.p. (citrus paradisi var. marsh seedless) | |
| | grapefruit oil c.p. (citrus paradisi var. marsh seedless) russia | |
| | grapefruit oil c.p. (citrus paradisi var. red blush) | |
| (Z)-3- | hepten-1-ol | FL/FR |
| | methyl myristate | FL/FR |
| | methyl palmitate | FL/FR |
| delta- | octadecalactone | FL/FR |
| 2- | tetradecenal | FL/FR |
| aldehydic |
| | nonanal (aldehyde C-9) | FL/FR |
| amber |
| | cistus ladaniferus absolute resin | FL/FR |
| animal |
| | civet (natural) | FL/FR |
| anise |
| | anise seed oil colombia | FL/FR |
| balsamic |
| | benzyl salicylate | FL/FR |
| | ethyl cinnamate | FL/FR |
| | myrrh resin | FL/FR |
| | opoponax absolute (commiphora erythraea var. glabrescens engle) | FL/FR |
| | opoponax resin (commiphora erythraea var. glabrescens engler) | FL/FR |
| berry |
| | heliotropyl acetone | FL/FR |
| | raspberry ketone methyl ether | FL/FR |
| bitter |
| | glyceryl tributyrate | FL |
| | terpinyl isovalerate | FL/FR |
| (E,Z,Z)-2,4,7- | tridecatrienal | FL/FR |
| citrus |
| | grapefruit oil | FL/FR |
| | grapefruit oil c.p. california | FL/FR |
| | grapefruit oil c.p. florida | FL/FR |
| | grapefruit oil CO2 extract (citrus paradisi macf. var. falvedo) | FL/FR |
| | grapefruit oil folded california | FL/FR |
| | grapefruit oil replacer | FL/FR |
| laevo- | linalool | FL/FR |
| 2- | methyl decanal (aldehyde C-11 MOA) | FL/FR |
| bitter | orange peel oil | FL/FR |
| coconut |
| gamma- | nonalactone (aldehyde C-18 (so-called)) | FL/FR |
| | octahydrocoumarin | FL/FR |
| creamy |
| 6- | amyl-alpha-pyrone | FL/FR |
| para- | anisaldehyde | FL/FR |
| | creamy lactone | FL/FR |
| ethereal |
| | benzyl laurate | FL/FR |
| fatty |
| | allyl octanoate | FL/FR |
| (Z)- | dairy lactone | FL/FR |
| (E,E)-2,4- | decadien-1-ol | FL/FR |
| 2,4- | decadien-1-ol | FL/FR |
| | ethyl undecylenate | FL/FR |
| delta- | juniper lactone | FL/FR |
| 4- | methyl octanoic acid | FL/FR |
| 2,4- | nonadien-1-ol | FL/FR |
| (E)-2- | octenoic acid | FL |
| (Z)- | oleic acid | FL/FR |
| 2- | tridecanone | FL/FR |
| (E,E)-2,4- | undecadienal | FL |
| (S)-gamma- | valerolactone | |
| floral |
| 3,7- | dimethyl-6-octenoic acid | FL/FR |
| | ocean propanal | FL/FR |
| | tuberose absolute (from pommade) | FL/FR |
| fruity |
| | dimethyl anthranilate | FL/FR |
| | rose butanoate | FL/FR |
| fusel |
| green | cognac oil | FL/FR |
| green |
| | angelica root oil | FL/FR |
| | cyclamen aldehyde | FL/FR |
| (Z)-4- | heptenal diethyl acetal | FL/FR |
| | nerolidol | FL/FR |
| herbal |
| | butyl levulinate | FL/FR |
| | carum carvi fruit oil | FL/FR |
| | clary sage oil france | FL/FR |
| | coriander seed oil | FL/FR |
| | daucus carota fruit oil | FL/FR |
| | lavender absolute bulgaria | FL/FR |
| lactonic |
| (±)- | dihydromint lactone | FL/FR |
| delta- | heptalactone | FL/FR |
| gamma- | octalactone | FL/FR |
| medicinal |
| | dimethyl benzyl carbinol | FL/FR |
| musk |
| iso | ambrettolide | FL/FR |
| soapy |
| 1- | dodecanol | FL/FR |
| | octanoic acid | FL/FR |
| spicy |
| | cassia bark oil china | FL/FR |
| black | currant bud absolute | FL/FR |
| iso | eugenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| terpenic |
| | juniperus communis fruit oil | FL/FR |
| waxy |
| | decanal (aldehyde C-10) | FL/FR |
| | decanol | FL/FR |
| 2- | decen-1-ol | FL/FR |
| (E)-2- | decenal | FL/FR |
| | ethyl laurate | FL/FR |
| | ethyl undecanoate | FL/FR |
| | methyl 10-undecenoate | FL/FR |
| | myristic acid | FL/FR |
| | nonanol | FL/FR |
| | tuberolide | FL/FR |
| woody |
| | ambroxan | FL/FR |
| | amyris wood oil | FL/FR |
| iso | bornyl acetate | FL/FR |
| | cistus twig/leaf oil | FL/FR |
| | dihydro-beta-ionone | FL/FR |
| | frankincense oil | FL/FR |
| | frankincense resin | FL/FR |
| | frankincense resinoid | FL/FR |
| | guaiacwood oil | FL/FR |
| | methyl cedryl ketone | FL/FR |
| | spruce needle oil canada | FL/FR |
| | whiskey lactone | FL/FR |
| |
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| | aldehyde C-14 myristic | | | aldehyde C-14, myristic | | | myristaldehyde | | | myristic aldehyde | | | myristyl aldehyde | | | tetradecanal | | 1- | tetradecanal | | N- | tetradecanal | | | tetradecyl aldehyde | | 1- | tetradecyl aldehyde | | | tetradecylaldehyde |
Articles:
| PubMed: | Comparison of the volatile oil composition of three Atalantia species. |
| PubMed: | Human liver tissue metabolic profiling research on hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma. |
| PubMed: | Essential oils from the leaves of six medicinal plants of Nigeria. |
| PubMed: | Semi-selective fatty acyl reductases from four heliothine moths influence the specific pheromone composition. |
| PubMed: | Composition of the essential oil constituents from leaves and stems of Korean Coriandrum sativum and their immunotoxicity activity on the Aedes aegypti L. |
| PubMed: | Anti-angiogenic activity of Gynura segetum leaf extracts and its fractions. |
| PubMed: | Stereoselective synthesis of bioactive natural spiroacetals aculeatins A and B. |
| PubMed: | Gene cloning and characterization of an aldehyde dehydrogenase from long-chain alkane-degrading Geobacillus thermoleovorans B23. |
| PubMed: | Stingless bees: chemical differences and potential functions in Nannotrigona testaceicornis and Plebeia droryana males and workers. |
| PubMed: | Stereoselective synthesis of (2S,3S,4Z)-4-fluoro-1,3-dihydroxy-2-(octadecanoylamino)octadec-4-ene, [(Z)-4-fluoroceramide], and its phase behavior at the air/water interface. |
| PubMed: | Attraction of female Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae) to odors from chicken feces. |
| PubMed: | Characterisation of recombinant human fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase: implications for Sjögren-Larsson syndrome. |
| PubMed: | Inter- and intraspecific variation in defensive compounds produced by five neotropical stink bug species (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). |
| PubMed: | Support for (Z)-11-hexadecanal as a pheromone antagonist in Ostrinia nubilalis: flight tunnel and single sensillum studies with a New York population. |
| PubMed: | Dufour's gland secretion as a repellent used during usurpation by the slave-maker ant Rossomyrmex minuchae. |
| PubMed: | 6-Substituted indanoyl isoleucine conjugate induces tobacco plant responses in secondary metabolites. |
| PubMed: | First identification of a putative sex pheromone in a praying mantid. |
| PubMed: | Defensive chemistry of an aposematic bug, Pachycoris stallii Uhler and volatile compounds of its host plant Croton californicus Muell.-Arg. |
| PubMed: | Semiochemicals from the predatory stink bug Eocanthecona furcellata (Wolff): components of metathoracic gland, dorsal abdominal gland, and sternal gland secretions. |
| PubMed: | Pheromone components of the wheat stem sawfly: identification, electrophysiology, and field bioassay. |
| PubMed: | Kinetic analysis of bacterial bioluminescence in water-organic media. |
| PubMed: | (E4,Z9)-tetradecadienal, a sex pheromone for three North American moth species in the genus Saturnia. |
| PubMed: | Biochemical characterization of the reverse activity of rat brain ceramidase. A CoA-independent and fumonisin B1-insensitive ceramide synthase. |
| PubMed: | Long-chain aldehyde dehydrogenase that participates in n-alkane utilization and wax ester synthesis in Acinetobacter sp. strain M-1. |
| PubMed: | Interaction of Photobacterium leiognathi and Vibrio fischeri Y1 luciferases with fluorescent (antenna) proteins: bioluminescence effects of the aliphatic additive. |
| PubMed: | Polyketide origin of pheromones of Carpophilus davidsoni and C. mutilatus (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae). |
| PubMed: | Comparison of the reactivity of tetradecenoic acids, a triacsin, and unsaturated oximes with four purified Saccharomyces cerevisiae fatty acid activation proteins. |
| PubMed: | Male-produced aggregation pheromone ofCarpophilus mutilatus (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae). |
| PubMed: | Fatty acid-enhanced binding of flavin mononucleotide to bacterial luciferase measured by steady-state fluorescence. |
| PubMed: | Long-chain alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase activities in Acinetobacter calcoaceticus strain HO1-N. |
| PubMed: | Mandibular gland secretions of the male beewolvesPhilanthus crabroniformis, P. barbatus, andP. pulcher (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). |
| PubMed: | Characterization of N-myristoyl transferase inhibitors and their effect on HIV release. |
| PubMed: | Electronic excitation transfer in the complex of lumazine protein with bacterial bioluminescence intermediates. |
| PubMed: | Bioluminescence decay kinetics in the reaction of bacterial luciferase with different aldehydes. |
| PubMed: | Effect of release rate and ratio of (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol from synthetic pheromone blends on trap capture ofHeliothis subflexa (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). |
| PubMed: | Growth and luminescence of the bacterium Xenorhabdus luminescens from a human wound. |
| PubMed: | Bioluminescence spectral and fluorescence dynamics study of the interaction of lumazine protein with the intermediates of bacterial luciferase bioluminescence. |
| PubMed: | Dynamic fluorescence study of the interaction of lumazine protein with bacterial luciferases. |
| PubMed: | Elongation of exogenous fatty acids by the bioluminescent bacterium Vibrio harveyi. |
| PubMed: | Dynamic fluorescence properties of bacterial luciferase intermediates. |
| PubMed: | Spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) pheromone chemistry and behavioral responses to pheromone components and analogs. |
| PubMed: | Chemical and behavioral analyses of volatile sex pheromone components released by callingHeliothis virescens (F.) females (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). |
| PubMed: | Vibrio harveyi aldehyde dehydrogenase. Partial reversal of aldehyde oxidation and its possible role in the reduction of fatty acids for the bioluminescence reaction. |
| PubMed: | Kinetics of bacterial bioluminescence and the fluorescent transient. |
| PubMed: | Synthesis and antiallergenic properties of 3-n-pentadecyl- and 3-n-heptadecylcatechol esters. |
| PubMed: | Fatty acid reductase in bioluminescent bacteria. Resolution from aldehyde reductases and characterization of the aldehyde product. |
| PubMed: | Trace chemicals: the essence of sexual communication systems in heliothis species. |
| PubMed: | Evidence for tetradecanal as the natural aldehyde in bacterial bioluminescence. |
| PubMed: | The aldehyde content of luminous bacteria and of an "aldehydeless" dark mutant. |
|