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Category: flavor and fragrance agents
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
| Appearance: | pale yellow powder (est) |
| Assay: | 98.00 to 100.00 %
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| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
| Melting Point: | 150.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
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| Boiling Point: | 299.00 to 300.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
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| Vapor Pressure: | 0.001000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est) |
| Flash Point: | > 212.00 °F. TCC ( > 100.00 °C. )
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| logP (o/w): | 0.142 (est) |
| Soluble in: |
| | alcohol | | | propylene glycol | | | water, 6.522e+004 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) |
Organoleptic Properties:
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| Odor Type: honey |
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| Odor Strength: | medium , recommend smelling in a 10.00 % solution or less |
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| Substantivity: | 146 hour(s) at 1.00 % in propylene glycol |
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| | sweet acidic honey almond weedy phenolic green |
Odor Description: at 100.00 %. | sweet acidic honey almond weedy phenolic green Luebke, William tgsc, (2006) |
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| Flavor Type: phenolic |
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| | sweet phenolic grassy honey vegetable |
Taste Description: at 80.00 ppm in water. | sweet phenolic grassy honey vegetable Luebke, William tgsc, (2006) |
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| Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
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Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
| Preferred SDS: View |
| European information : |
| Most important hazard(s): | | None - None found. |
S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children. S 22 - Do not breath dust. S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
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| Hazards identification |
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| Classification of the substance or mixture |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
| None found. |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
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| Pictogram | |
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| Hazard statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Precautionary statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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| Dermal Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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| Inhalation Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | flavor and fragrance agents |
| RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search |
| IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice |
| Recommendation for phenyl pyruvic acid usage levels up to: | | | 0.5000 % in the fragrance concentrate.
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| Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU): | ND (μg/capita/day) |
| Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-USA): | 0.09 (μg/capita/day) |
| Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). |
| The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library |
| publication number: 18 |
| Click here to view publication 18 |
| | average usual ppm | average maximum ppm |
| baked goods: | - | - |
| beverages(nonalcoholic): | 0.50000 | 10.00000 |
| beverages(alcoholic): | - | - |
| breakfast cereal: | 1.00000 | 5.00000 |
| cheese: | 0.50000 | 5.00000 |
| chewing gum: | 1.00000 | 5.00000 |
| condiments / relishes: | - | - |
| confectionery froastings: | 1.00000 | 5.00000 |
| egg products: | - | - |
| fats / oils: | - | - |
| fish products: | - | - |
| frozen dairy: | - | - |
| fruit ices: | 0.50000 | 5.00000 |
| gelatins / puddings: | 0.50000 | 5.00000 |
| granulated sugar: | - | - |
| gravies: | - | - |
| hard candy: | 1.00000 | 5.00000 |
| imitation dairy: | - | - |
| instant coffee / tea: | - | - |
| jams / jellies: | - | - |
| meat products: | - | - |
| milk products: | 0.50000 | 5.00000 |
| nut products: | - | - |
| other grains: | 1.00000 | 5.00000 |
| poultry: | - | - |
| processed fruits: | 0.10000 | 1.00000 |
| processed vegetables: | - | - |
| reconstituted vegetables: | - | - |
| seasonings / flavors: | 50.00000 | 100.00000 |
| snack foods: | - | - |
| soft candy: | 1.00000 | 5.00000 |
| soups: | - | - |
| sugar substitutes: | 0.50000 | 5.00000 |
| sweet sauces: | 1.00000 | 5.00000 |
Safety References:
References:
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| alpha-oxo- | benzene propanoic acid | | alpha-oxo- | benzenepropanoic acid | | 2-oxo-3- | phenyl propanoic acid | | 3- | phenyl-2-oxopropanoic acid | | 2-oxo-3- | phenylpropanic acid | | 2-oxo-3- | phenylpropanoic acid | | 2-oxo-3- | phenylpropionic acid | | | phenylpyruvic acid | | 3- | phenylpyruvic acid | | b- | phenylpyruvic acid | | 3- | phenylpyruvicacid |
Articles:
| PubMed: | Modeling of the total antioxidant capacity of rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) tea infusions from chromatographic fingerprints and identification of potential antioxidant markers. |
| PubMed: | Production of natural antimicrobial compound D-phenyllactic acid using Leuconostoc mesenteroides ATCC 8293 whole cells involving highly active D-lactate dehydrogenase. |
| PubMed: | Screening of phenylpyruvic acid producers and optimization of culture conditions in bench scale bioreactors. |
| PubMed: | Enzymatic production of D-3-phenyllactic acid by Pediococcus pentosaceus D-lactate dehydrogenase with NADH regeneration by Ogataea parapolymorpha formate dehydrogenase. |
| PubMed: | Effects of fermented rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) on adipocyte differentiation. |
| PubMed: | Effect of amino acids on the formation of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) in creatinine/phenylalanine and creatinine/phenylalanine/4-oxo-2-nonenal reaction mixtures. |
| PubMed: | Z-2-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-3-phenylpropenoic acid, an α-hydroxy acid from rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) with hypoglycemic activity. |
| PubMed: | Cell-free supernatants obtained from fermentation of cheese whey hydrolyzates and phenylpyruvic acid by Lactobacillus plantarum as a source of antimicrobial compounds, bacteriocins, and natural aromas. |
| PubMed: | Obesity-related metabolomic analysis of human subjects in black soybean peptide intervention study by ultraperformance liquid chromatography and quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed: | Determination of α-keto acids in pork meat and Iberian ham via tandem mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed: | Characterisation of volatile and non-volatile metabolites in etiolated leaves of tea (Camellia sinensis) plants in the dark. |
| PubMed: | Variation in phenolic content and antioxidant activity of fermented rooibos herbal tea infusions: role of production season and quality grade. |
| PubMed: | Characterization of D-lactate dehydrogenase producing D-3-phenyllactic acid from Pediococcus pentosaceus. |
| PubMed: | Characterization of D-lactate dehydrogenase from Pediococcus acidilactici that converts phenylpyruvic acid into phenyllactic acid. |
| PubMed: | Kinetic optimisation of the reversed phase liquid chromatographic separation of rooibos tea (Aspalathus linearis) phenolics on conventional high performance liquid chromatographic instrumentation. |
| PubMed: | Strecker aldehydes and α-keto acids, produced by carbonyl-amine reactions, contribute to the formation of acrylamide. |
| PubMed: | Bioconversion of phenylpyruvate to phenyllactate: gene cloning, expression, and enzymatic characterization of D- and L1-lactate dehydrogenases from Lactobacillus plantarum SK002. |
| PubMed: | 3-Phenyllactic acid production by substrate feeding and pH-control in fed-batch fermentation of Lactobacillus sp. SK007. |
| PubMed: | Model studies on the oxygen-induced formation of benzaldehyde from phenylacetaldehyde using pyrolysis GC-MS and FTIR. |
| PubMed: | Optimization of culture medium for the production of phenyllactic acid by Lactobacillus sp. SK007. |
| PubMed: | Purification and partial characterization of Lactobacillus species SK007 lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) catalyzing phenylpyruvic acid (PPA) conversion into phenyllactic acid (PLA). |
| PubMed: | Simultaneous determination of ketoacids and dicarbonyl compounds, key Maillard intermediates on the generation of aged wine aroma. |
| PubMed: | Biotransformation of phenylpyruvic acid to phenyllactic acid by growing and resting cells of a Lactobacillus sp. |
| PubMed: | Chemical conversion of alpha-amino acids into alpha-keto acids by 4,5-epoxy-2-decenal. |
| PubMed: | Inhibitory effects of green tea polyphenols on the production of a virulence factor of the periodontal-disease-causing anaerobic bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis. |
| PubMed: | Involvement of manganese in conversion of phenylalanine to benzaldehyde by lactic acid bacteria. |
| PubMed: | Conversion of phenylalanine to benzaldehyde initiated by an aminotransferase in lactobacillus plantarum |
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