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1,4-diazabenzene
Notes:
Maillard product
In the Staedel-Rugheimer pyrazine synthesis (1876) 2-chloroacetophenone is reacted with ammonia to the amino ketone, then condensed and then oxidized to a pyrazine A variation is the Gutknecht Pyrazine Synthesis (1879) also based on this selfcondensation but differing in the way the alpha-ketoamine is synthesised (the chlorine compound in the above method is a lachrymatory agent); Pyrazine is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound.; Pyrazine is a symmetrical molecule with point group D2h. It is found in folic acid in the form of pterin. Derivatives like Phenazine are well known for their antitumor, antibiotic and diuretic activity. Pyrazine is less basic in nature than pyridine, pyridazine and pyrimidine. Tetramethylpyrazine (also known as ligustrazine) is reported to scavenge superoxide anion and decrease nitric oxide production in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Tetramethylpyrazine is also a component of some herbs in Traditional Chinese Medicine.
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M&U International LLC Steady supply & demand Meeting customers increasing demands at home as well as abroad. M&U dedicates itself to the development and production of new products as well as continuously promoting those new products. We’ve maintained a steady supply&demand relationship with a large number of manufacturers at home and abroad. We’ve developed an extensive network and because of our relationships with these manufacturers, we’re able to provide a stable supply of great quality materials. We’re located in China’s largest communications hub, Shanghai and in the U.S. near one of the largest sea ports on the East Coast. The strategic locations of our facilities ensure convenient, prompt and secure delivery of our products to our customers. Email: Sales US Email: Sales Voice: +86-21-32515501 60762991 60762992 Fax: +86-21-32515502 64204960 US Voice: 908-359-9000 US Fax: 908-359-9002 News Product(s): H0001 Pyrazine, Kosher N0291 Nat. Pyrazine
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Penta International Corporation Chemistry innovation At Penta, our products and services help businesses do business better. For over 30 years, Penta Manufacturing Company has played a growing role in worldwide chemistry innovations and applications. As an industry leader, Penta continues to pioneer chemistry-based solutions for practically every area of commerce. Our products and expertise have helped fuel technical advances in dozens of commercial applications including flavoring, coloring, fragrances and chemical processes. US Email: Technical Services US Email: Sales US Voice: (973) 740-2300 US Fax: (973) 740-1839 Product(s): 16-88100 PYRAZINE
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Sigma-Aldrich Complete Supply Chain The perfect blend of products and services that bring your creativity to life. Sigma-Aldrich is a leading Life Science and High Technology company dedicated to providing high-quality, safe and certified flavor ingredients with transparent and easily accessible documentation to customers around the globe. Sigma-Aldrich also provides a suite of analytical tools that allow food analysts to simplify sample preparation, cleanup and analysis steps, while increasing sensitivity to trace ingredients and harmful substances to meet regulations and quality standards. Email: Information US Email: Sales US Voice: 800-244-1173 US Fax: 800-368-4661 Facebook Twitter Instagram Linkedin Flavors and Fragrances Analysis FandF Newsletter Subscription Flavors and Fragrances Learning Center Certified Food Grade Products Product(s): W401501 Pyrazine, ≥99%, FG SDS
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Sunaux International Buy With Confidence We have industry leading processes and procedures to ensure nothing but the most reliable product. Sunaux International was founded in 2012 by the owner Mr.John Felton after spending 18 years involved in developing global business in the aromatic chemicals, fragrance and flavour compounds business. Email: John Felton Email: Stephen Zhou (Sales) Voice: 0512-57995626 Fax: 0512-57570299 Sales 0512-57995626 Sales 0512-57570299 News Product(s): H0001 Pyrazine
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Synerzine, Inc. Innovation. Customization. Aroma Ingredients. Synerzine is a leading supplier of flavor and fragrance ingredients. Synerzine expresses what we have grown to embody as an organization - the synergy and connection between raw ingredients, science, technology, and the final product. Our experienced team is passionate about bringing our customers high-quality innovative ingredients that they can trust. Building upon our 44 year history, the Synerzine team provides customers around the globe with convenient access to over 1200 high-quality aroma ingredients. We actively engage with customers to add a wide array of new products and services on a regular basis. Our aim is to delight every customer with our exceptional services, large product selection, customization and the highest quality and safety standards. We provide our customers with true value designed to help them bring their products to market faster. US Email: Customer Service US Email: Sales US Voice: (404) 524-6744 US Fax: (404) 577-1651 Inquiry Products List: View Product(s): 400 Pyrazine
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Qingdao Free Trade Zone United International Co Ltd Quality Products A partner in your supply chain solution. Qingdao Free Trade Zone United International Trade Co., Ltd.was founded in 1996, specializing in the production and import and export of food additives,flavor raw materials and pharmaceutical and chemical raw materials. The company has experienced R&D and business personnel,product quality, low price, efficient service and fast insight and grasp the latest market information. Email: Info Email: Sales Voice: +86-532-83893699 Fax: +86-532-83893695 Product(s): 0006 Pyrazine
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| CAS Number: | 290-37-9 |  3D/inchi
|
| Other(deleted CASRN): | 1339899-95-4 | |
| ECHA EINECS - REACH Pre-Reg: | 206-027-6 | |
| FDA UNII: | 2JKE371789 | |
| Nikkaji Web: | J2.569K | |
| Beilstein Number: | 0103905 | |
| MDL: | MFCD00006122 | |
| CoE Number: | 11363 | |
| XlogP3: | -0.20 (est) | |
| Molecular Weight: | 80.08988000 | |
| Formula: | C4 H4 N2 | |
| BioActivity Summary: | listing | |
| NMR Predictor: | Predict (works with chrome, Edge or firefox) | |
Category: flavoring agents
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
| Google Scholar: | Search |
| Google Books: | Search |
| Google Scholar: with word "volatile" | Search |
| Google Scholar: with word "flavor" | Search |
| Google Scholar: with word "odor" | Search |
| Perfumer and Flavorist: | Search |
| Google Patents: | Search |
| US Patents: | Search |
| EU Patents: | Search |
| Pubchem Patents: | Search |
| PubMed: | Search |
| NCBI: | Search |
| JECFA Food Flavoring: | 951 pyrazine |
| DG SANTE Food Flavourings: | 14.144 pyrazine |
| FEMA Number: | 4015 pyrazine |
| FDA: | No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances |
| FDA Mainterm (SATF): | 290-37-9 ; PYRAZINE |
Physical Properties:
| Appearance: | colorless white crystalline waxy solid (est) |
| Assay: | 98.00 to 100.00 % |
| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
| Melting Point: | 53.00 to 56.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg |
| Boiling Point: | 115.00 to 116.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg |
| Vapor Pressure: | 19.740999 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est) |
| Flash Point: | 132.00 °F. TCC ( 55.56 °C. ) |
| logP (o/w): | -0.260 |
| Soluble in: | |
| alcohol | |
| water, 2.181e+005 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) | |
Organoleptic Properties:
| Odor Type: nutty | |
| pungent sweet corn roasted hazelnut hazelnut roasted hazelnut barley roasted barley barley roasted barley | |
| Odor Description: at 0.10 % in propylene glycol. | pungent sweet corn like roasted hazelnut barly |
| Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). | |
Cosmetic Information:
| None found |
Suppliers:
| Ambles Nature et Chimie |
| PYRAZINE |
| Augustus Oils |
| Pyrazine |
| Services |
| BOC Sciences |
| For experimental / research use only. |
| Pyrazine > 95% |
| EMD Millipore |
| For experimental / research use only. |
| Pyrazine |
| Ernesto Ventós |
| PYRAZINE
Odor: PUNGENT, SWEET, FLORAL IN DILUTION |
| Jinan Enlighten Chemical Technology(Wutong Aroma ) |
| Pyrazine, Kosherk |
| M&U International |
| Nat. Pyrazine |
| M&U International |
| Pyrazine, Kosher |
| Penta International |
| PYRAZINE |
| Reincke & Fichtner |
| Pyrazine |
| Sigma-Aldrich |
| Pyrazine, ≥99%, FG |
| Certified Food Grade Products |
| Sunaux International |
| Pyrazine |
| Synerzine |
| Pyrazine |
| TCI AMERICA |
| For experimental / research use only. |
| Pyrazine >98.0%(GC) |
| Tengzhou Jitian Aroma Chemiclal |
| Pyrazine |
| United International |
| Pyrazine |
| WholeChem |
| Pyrazine |
Safety Information:
| Preferred SDS: View | |
| European information : | |
| Most important hazard(s): | |
| Xi - Irritant | |
|
R 10 - Flammable. R 36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system, and skin. S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children. S 16 - Keep away from sources of ignition - No Smoking. S 22 - Do not breath dust. S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S 36/37/39 - Wear suitable clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. | |
| Hazards identification | |
| Classification of the substance or mixture | |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) | |
| None found. | |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements | |
| Pictogram | |
| Hazard statement(s) | |
| None found. | |
| Precautionary statement(s) | |
| None found. | |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: | |
|
intraperitoneal-mouse LD50 2730 mg/kg Progress in Biochemical Pharmacology. Vol. 1, Pg. 542, 1965. | |
| Dermal Toxicity: | |
| Not determined | |
| Inhalation Toxicity: | |
| Not determined | |
Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | flavoring agents | ||
| Recommendation for pyrazine usage levels up to: | |||
| not for fragrance use. | |||
| Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU): | 0.024 (μg/capita/day) | ||
| Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-USA): | 0.20 (μg/capita/day) | ||
| Structure Class: | III | ||
| Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). | |||
| The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library | |||
| publication number: 20 | |||
| Click here to view publication 20 | |||
| average usual ppm | average maximum ppm | ||
| baked goods: | 1.00000 | 5.00000 | |
| beverages(nonalcoholic): | 0.30000 | 1.50000 | |
| beverages(alcoholic): | 0.60000 | 3.00000 | |
| breakfast cereal: | - | - | |
| cheese: | - | - | |
| chewing gum: | - | - | |
| condiments / relishes: | - | - | |
| confectionery froastings: | 0.60000 | 3.00000 | |
| egg products: | - | - | |
| fats / oils: | - | - | |
| fish products: | - | - | |
| frozen dairy: | 0.60000 | 3.00000 | |
| fruit ices: | - | - | |
| gelatins / puddings: | - | - | |
| granulated sugar: | - | - | |
| gravies: | - | - | |
| hard candy: | 1.00000 | 5.00000 | |
| imitation dairy: | - | - | |
| instant coffee / tea: | - | - | |
| jams / jellies: | - | - | |
| meat products: | - | - | |
| milk products: | 0.30000 | 1.50000 | |
| nut products: | - | - | |
| other grains: | - | - | |
| poultry: | - | - | |
| processed fruits: | - | - | |
| processed vegetables: | - | - | |
| reconstituted vegetables: | - | - | |
| seasonings / flavors: | - | - | |
| snack foods: | - | - | |
| soft candy: | 1.00000 | 5.00000 | |
| soups: | - | - | |
| sugar substitutes: | - | - | |
| sweet sauces: | - | - | |
Safety References:
| Flavor & Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA) reference(s): | |
| The FEMA GRAS assessment of pyrazine derivatives used as flavor ingredients. View pdf | |
| European Food Safety Athority(EFSA): | Flavor usage levels; Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic and Carcinogenicity Studies; Developmental / Reproductive Toxicity Studies; Genotoxicity Studies... |
| European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s): | |
| Opinion of the Scientific Panel on food additives, flavourings, processing aids and materials in contact with food (AFC) on a request from the Commission related to Flavouring Group Evaluation 17 (FGE.17): Pyrazine derivatives from chemical group 24 (Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 of 18 July 2000) View page or View pdf | |
| Flavouring Group Evaluation 50 (FGE.50): Consideration of pyrazine derivatives evaluated by JECFA (57th meeting) structurally related to pyrazine derivatives evaluated by EFSA in FGE.17 (2005) (Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 of 18 July 2000) - Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in contact with Food (AFC) View page or View pdf | |
| Flavouring Group Evaluation 17, Revision 1 (FGE.17Rev1): Pyrazine derivatives from chemical group 24 - Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in contact with Food (AFC) [1] View page or View pdf | |
| Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 17, Revision 2 (FGE.17Rev2): Pyrazine derivatives from chemical group 24 View page or View pdf | |
| Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 50, Revision 1 (FGE.50Rev1): Consideration of pyrazine derivatives evaluated by JECFA (57th meeting) structurally related to pyrazine derivatives evaluated by EFSA in FGE.17Rev2 (2010) View page or View pdf | |
| EPI System: | View |
| Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System: | Search |
| AIDS Citations: | Search |
| Cancer Citations: | Search |
| Toxicology Citations: | Search |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA): | 290-37-9 |
| EPA ACToR: | Toxicology Data |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS): | Registry |
| Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary : | 9261 |
| National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: | Data |
| WISER: | UN 1325 |
| WGK Germany: | 3 |
| pyrazine | |
| Chemidplus: | 0000290379 |
| RTECS: | UQ2015000 for cas# 290-37-9 |
References:
| pyrazine | |
| NIST Chemistry WebBook: | Search Inchi |
| Canada Domestic Sub. List: | 290-37-9 |
| Pubchem (cid): | 9261 |
| Pubchem (sid): | 134974628 |
| Pherobase: | View |
Other Information:
| (IUPAC): | Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf) |
| Videos: | The Periodic Table of Videos |
| tgsc: | Atomic Weights use for this web site |
| (IUPAC): | Periodic Table of the Elements |
| FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS): | View |
| CHEBI: | View |
| CHEMBL: | View |
| KEGG (GenomeNet): | C02018 |
| HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database): | HMDB34176 |
| FooDB: | FDB012468 |
| Export Tariff Code: | 2933.99.9701 |
| Typical G.C. | |
| VCF-Online: | VCF Volatile Compounds in Food |
| ChemSpider: | View |
| Wikipedia: | View |
Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
| barley | FL | |
| corn | FL | |
| hazelnut | FL |
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
| fenugreek seed Search Trop Picture | |
| kohlrabi stem Search Trop Picture | |
| lavender oil spike spain @ 0.002% Data GC Search Trop Picture | |
| rice cakes PbMd Search PMC Picture |
Synonyms:
| 1,4- | diazabenzene |
| 1,4- | diazine |
| p- | diazine |
| para | diazine |
| para- | diazine |