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Category: flavor and fragrance agents
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
| Appearance: | pale yellow clear liquid (est) |
| Assay: | 97.00 to 100.00 %
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| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
| Specific Gravity: | 1.01700 to 1.02700 @ 20.00 °C.
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| Pounds per Gallon - (est).: | 8.472 to 8.556
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| Refractive Index: | 1.61300 to 1.61800 @ 20.00 °C.
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| Melting Point: | -22.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
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| Boiling Point: | 241.00 to 245.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
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| Vapor Pressure: | 0.052000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est) |
| Flash Point: | 180.00 °F. TCC ( 82.22 °C. )
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| logP (o/w): | 3.870 |
| Soluble in: |
| | alcohol | | | water, 40.62 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) | | | water, 25.8 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp) |
| Insoluble in: |
| | water |
Organoleptic Properties:
| |
| Odor Type: naphthyl |
| |
| | naphthyl chemical medicinal camphoreous |
Odor Description: at 1.00 % in dipropylene glycol. | naphthyl chemical medicinal camphor |
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| | naphthyl chemical medicinal camphoreous |
Odor Description:
| Naphthyl-like with a chemical medicinal and camphor-like nuance Mosciano, Gerard P&F 16, No. 6, 43, (1991) |
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| |
| Flavor Type: naphthyl |
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| | green musty |
Taste Description:
| green musty |
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| | naphthyl medicinal |
Taste Description: at 1.00 ppm. | Naphthyl-like with a medicinal nuance Mosciano, Gerard P&F 16, No. 6, 43, (1991) |
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| Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
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Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
| Preferred SDS: View |
| European information : |
| Most important hazard(s): | | Xn N - Harmful, Dangerous for the environment. |
R 22 - Harmful if swallowed. R 36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system, and skin. R 42/43 - May cause sensitization by inhalation and skin contact. R 51/53 - Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. S 01/02 - Keep locked up and out of the reach of children. S 07 - Keep container tightly closed. S 16 - Keep away from sources of ignition - No Smoking. S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S 36/37/39 - Wear suitable clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. S 61 - Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions/safety data sheet.
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| Hazards identification |
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| Classification of the substance or mixture |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
| None found. |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
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| Pictogram | |
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| Hazard statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Precautionary statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
oral-rat LD50 1840 mg/kg Study not available (Izmerov et al., 1982)
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| Dermal Toxicity: |
skin-rabbit LDLo 7500 mg/kg (Izmerov et al., 1982)
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| Inhalation Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | flavor and fragrance agents |
| RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search |
| IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice |
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| Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU): | 0.73 (μg/capita/day) |
| Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-USA): | 0.06 (μg/capita/day) |
| Threshold of Concern: | 90 (μg/person/day) |
| Structure Class: | III |
| Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). |
| The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library |
| publication number: 4 |
| Click here to view publication 4 |
| | average usual ppm | average maximum ppm |
| baked goods: | - | - |
| beverages(nonalcoholic): | - | 1.00000 |
| beverages(alcoholic): | - | - |
| breakfast cereal: | - | - |
| cheese: | - | - |
| chewing gum: | - | - |
| condiments / relishes: | - | - |
| confectionery froastings: | - | - |
| egg products: | - | - |
| fats / oils: | - | - |
| fish products: | - | - |
| frozen dairy: | - | 1.00000 |
| fruit ices: | - | 1.00000 |
| gelatins / puddings: | - | 1.00000 |
| granulated sugar: | - | - |
| gravies: | - | - |
| hard candy: | - | 1.00000 |
| imitation dairy: | - | - |
| instant coffee / tea: | - | - |
| jams / jellies: | - | - |
| meat products: | - | - |
| milk products: | - | - |
| nut products: | - | - |
| other grains: | - | - |
| poultry: | - | - |
| processed fruits: | - | - |
| processed vegetables: | - | - |
| reconstituted vegetables: | - | - |
| seasonings / flavors: | - | - |
| snack foods: | - | - |
| soft candy: | - | - |
| soups: | - | - |
| sugar substitutes: | - | - |
| sweet sauces: | - | - |
Safety References:
| European Food Safety Athority(EFSA): | Flavor usage levels; Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic and Carcinogenicity Studies; Developmental / Reproductive Toxicity Studies; Genotoxicity Studies... |
| European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s): |
Flavouring Group Evaluation 25, (FGE.25)[1] - Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons from chemical group 31 - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food View page or View pdf |
Flavouring Group Evaluation 78 (FGE.78)[1] - Consideration of Aliphatic and alicyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons evaluated by JECFA (63rd meeting) structurally related to aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons evaluated by EFSA in FGE.25 - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives,Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food (AFC) View page or View pdf |
Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 25Rev1: Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons from chemical group 31 View page or View pdf |
Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 78, Revision 1 (FGE.78Rev1): Consideration of aliphatic and alicyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons evaluated by JECFA (63rd meeting) structurally related to aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons evaluated by EFSA in FGE.25Rev2 View page or View pdf |
Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 25, Revision 2 (FGE.25Rev2): Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons from chemical group 31 View page or View pdf |
Statement on List of Representative Substances for Testing.
The current Statement lays down a list of substances in sub-groups with representative substances for which additional data are required prior to their evaluation through the Procedure (Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000). View page or View pdf |
Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 78, Revision 2 (FGE.78Rev2): Consideration of aliphatic and alicyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons evaluated by JECFA (63rd meeting) structurally related to aliphatic hydrocarbons evaluated by EFSA in FGE.25Rev3 View page or View pdf |
Scientific opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 25, Revision 3 (FGE.25Rev3): Aliphatic hydrocarbons from chemical group 31 View page or View pdf |
| EPI System: | View |
| NIOSH International Chemical Safety Cards: | search |
| Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System: | Search |
| AIDS Citations: | Search |
| Cancer Citations: | Search |
| Toxicology Citations: | Search |
| Carcinogenic Potency Database: | Search |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA): | 90-12-0 |
| EPA ACToR: | Toxicology Data |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS): | Registry |
| Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary : | 7002 |
| National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: | Data |
| WISER: | UN 3082 |
| WGK Germany: | 2 |
| | 1-methylnaphthalene |
| Chemidplus: | 0000090120 |
| EPA/NOAA CAMEO: | hazardous materials |
| RTECS: | 90-12-0 |
References:
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| alpha- | methyl naphthalene | | 1- | methyl-naphthalene | | 1- | methylnaphtalene | | 1- | methylnaphthalene | | a- | methylnaphthalene | | | naphthalene, 1-methyl- | | | naphthalene, a-methyl- |
Articles:
| US Patents: | 3,931,166 - Certain 2,5-dimethyl-3-thiopyrazines |
| PubMed: | Effects of oil dispersant on solubilization, sorption and desorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediment-seawater systems. |
| US Patents: | Flavoring agent |
| PubMed: | Enhancement of electro-optical properties of twisted nematic liquid crystals by doping aromatic hydrocarbon liquids. |
| PubMed: | Chimeric behavior of excited thioxanthone in protic solvents: I. Experiments. |
| PubMed: | Effects of drying and comminution type on the quantification of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) in a homogenised gasworks soil and the implications for human health risk assessment. |
| PubMed: | Molecular structure, vibrational spectra and (13)C and (1)H NMR spectral analysis of 1-methylnaphthalene by ab initio HF and DFT methods. |
| PubMed: | Volatile hydrocarbons inhibit methanogenic crude oil degradation. |
| PubMed: | Characterization of four potential laser-induced fluorescence tracers for diesel engine applications. |
| PubMed: | Adsorption, mobility, and self-association of naphthalene and 1-methylnaphthalene at the water-vapor interface. |
| PubMed: | Paramagnetic centers in particulate formed from the oxidative pyrolysis of 1-methylnaphthalene in the presence of Fe(III)2O3 nanoparticles. |
| PubMed: | Multiscale scattering investigations of asphaltene cluster breakup, nanoaggregate dissociation, and molecular ordering. |
| PubMed: | Visible photodissociation spectra of the 1- and 2-methylnaphthalene cations: laser spectroscopy and theoretical simulations. |
| PubMed: | Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in US and Swedish smokeless tobacco products. |
| PubMed: | Extraction of fullerenes from environmental matrices as affected by solvent characteristics and analyte concentration. |
| PubMed: | Fe2O3 nanoparticle mediated molecular growth and soot inception from the oxidative pyrolysis of 1-methylnaphthalene. |
| PubMed: | Prediction of rate constants for the gas phase reactions of triphenylene with OH and NO3 radicals using a relative rate method in CCl4 liquid phase-system. |
| PubMed: | Interaction of naphthalene derivatives with lipids in membranes studied by the 1H-nuclear Overhauser effect and molecular dynamics simulation. |
| PubMed: | In vivo genotoxicity of 1-methylnaphthalene from comprehensive toxicity studies with B6C3F1 gpt delta mice. |
| PubMed: | Analysis of tolfenpyrad and its metabolites in plasma in a tolfenpyrad poisoning case. |
| PubMed: | On the density scaling of pVT data and transport properties for molecular and ionic liquids. |
| PubMed: | Determination of the volatile composition in brown millet, milled millet and millet bran by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed: | Methanogenic biodegradation of two-ringed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. |
| PubMed: | [Laser-induced fluorescence of 1-methylnaphthalene in a supersonic jet expansion]. |
| PubMed: | Ralstonia sp. U2 naphthalene dioxygenase and Comamonas sp. JS765 nitrobenzene dioxygenase show differences in activity towards methylated naphthalenes. |
| PubMed: | Self-organization of 1-methylnaphthalene on the surface of artificial snow grains: a combined experimental-computational approach. |
| PubMed: | Weak interactions in the assembly of strongly chemisorbed molecules. |
| PubMed: | Liquid phase separation of polyaromatics on [Cu2(BDC)2(dabco)]. |
| PubMed: | Secondary organic aerosol from photooxidation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. |
| PubMed: | First identification of benzo[cd]phenanthro[1,2,3-lm]perylene by high-pressure liquid chromatography with ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed: | Measurement of diffusion and thermal diffusion in ternary fluid mixtures using a two-color optical beam deflection technique. |
| PubMed: | Estimation of the solvent reorganization energy and the absolute energy of solvation of charge-transfer states from their emission spectra. |
| PubMed: | Influence of solvent, electron acceptors and arenes on photochemical decarboxylation of free carboxylic acids via single electron transfer (SET). |
| PubMed: | Extension of a charged anisotropic united atoms model to polycyclic aromatic compounds. |
| PubMed: | Asphaltene adsorption onto self-assembled monolayers of alkyltrichlorosilanes of varying chain length. |
| PubMed: | Two-terminal molecular memories from solution-deposited C60 films in vertical silicon nanogaps. |
| PubMed: | Oxidation kinetics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by permanganate. |
| PubMed: | Solid and liquid charge-transfer complex formation between 1-methylnaphthalene and 1-alkyl-cyanopyridinium bis{(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl}imide ionic liquids. |
| PubMed: | Characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in indoor and outdoor atmosphere in the North central part of India. |
| PubMed: | Effect of the incorporation of nitrogen to a carbon matrix on the selectivity and capacity for adsorption of dibenzothiophenes from model diesel fuel. |
| PubMed: | Yields of glyoxal and ring-cleavage co-products from the OH radical-initiated reactions of naphthalene and selected alkylnaphthalenes. |
| PubMed: | Determination of absolute photoionization cross-sections of aromatics and aromatic derivatives. |
| PubMed: | Conversion of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, methyl naphthalenes and dibenzofuran by two fungal peroxygenases. |
| PubMed: | Influence of an intermolecular charge-transfer state on excited-state relaxation dynamics: solvent effect on the methylnaphthalene-oxygen system and its significance for singlet oxygen production. |
| PubMed: | Associations between immune function in yearling beef cattle and airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and PM1.0 near oil and natural gas field facilities. |
| PubMed: | Water-in-model oil emulsions studied by small-angle neutron scattering: interfacial film thickness and composition. |
| PubMed: | Impaired activation of caspase cascade during cell death induced by newly synthesized singlet oxygen generator, 1-buthylnaphthalene-4-propionate endoperoxide. |
| PubMed: | VOCs and PAHs emissions from creosote-treated wood in a field storage area. |
| PubMed: | New thermal diffusion coefficient measurements for hydrocarbon binary mixtures: viscosity and composition dependency. |
| PubMed: | Anisotropic pseudorotation of the photoexcited triplet state of fullerene C60 in molecular glasses studied by pulse EPR. |
| PubMed: | Equilibrium in-fiber standardization method for determination of sample volume by solid phase microextraction. |
| PubMed: | Density functional theory investigation of competitive free-radical processes during the thermal cracking of methylated polyaromatics: estimation of kinetic parameters. |
| PubMed: | Selective adsorption of refractory sulfur species on active carbons and carbon based CoMo catalyst. |
| PubMed: | Determination of airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at an airport by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and evaluation of occupational exposure. |
| PubMed: | [Comparative evaluation of health hazards associated with industrial chemicals and their derivates forming during water chlorination]. |
| PubMed: | Anaerobic cometabolic transformation of polycyclic and heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: evidence from laboratory and field studies. |
| PubMed: | Uptake of organic gas phase species by 1-methylnaphthalene. |
| PubMed: | Wavelength-dependent stereodifferentiation in the fluorescence quenching of asymmetric naphthalene-based dyads by amines. |
| PubMed: | Multisubstrate biodegradation kinetics for binary and complex mixtures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. |
| PubMed: | Bacterial transformations of naphthothiophenes. |
| PubMed: | Crystal structures and spectroscopic properties of polycyano-polycadmate host clathrates including a CT complex guest of methylviologen dication and aromatic donor. |
| PubMed: | Ionic liquid-containing semipermeable membrane devices for monitoring the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water. |
| PubMed: | Reactions of chlorine atoms with a series of aromatic hydrocarbons. |
| PubMed: | Measurements of molecular and thermal diffusion coefficients in ternary mixtures. |
| PubMed: | Thermal growth and decomposition of methylnaphthalenes. |
| PubMed: | An abortive apoptotic pathway induced by singlet oxygen is due to the suppression of caspase activation. |
| PubMed: | Adsorption isotherms of the fullerenes C60 and C70 on a tetraphenylporphyrin-bonded silica. |
| PubMed: | Turbulence effects on volatilization rates of liquids and solutes. |
| PubMed: | Dermal toxicity and microscopic alterations by JP-8 jet fuel components in vivo in rabbit. |
| PubMed: | Optimization of the peroxy acid treatment of alpha-methylnaphthalene and benzo[a]pyrene in sandy and silty-clay sediments. |
| PubMed: | Synthesis of a novel intercalator based on 2,2'-binaphthalene bearing dimethylammonium groups. |
| PubMed: | The cytotoxicity of volatile JP-8 jet fuel components in keratinocytes. |
| PubMed: | Combined application of stable carbon isotope analysis and specific metabolites determination for assessing in situ degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons in a tar oil-contaminated aquifer. |
| PubMed: | Hydrogen and carbon isotope fractionation during anaerobic biodegradation of aromatic hydrocarbons--a field study. |
| PubMed: | Estimation of selected physicochemical properties for methylated naphthalene compounds. |
| PubMed: | The azulene-to-naphthalene rearrangement revisited: a DFT study of intramolecular and radical-promoted mechanisms. |
| PubMed: | Metabolism of benzyl alcohol via catechol ortho-pathway in methylnaphthalene-degrading Pseudomonas putida CSV86. |
| PubMed: | Chiroptical properties of acridino-18-crown-6 ligands and their complexes with chiral and achiral protonated primary (aralkyl) amine guest molecules. |
| PubMed: | Recombinant carbazole-degrading strains for enhanced petroleum processing. |
| PubMed: | Aerobic co-metabolism of sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen heterocycles by three marine bacterial consortia. |
| PubMed: | Controlled expansion of a molecular cavity in a steroid host compound. |
| PubMed: | Marinobacter strain NCE312 has a Pseudomonas-like naphthalene dioxygenase. |
| PubMed: | A practical and efficient preparation of the releasable naphthosultam side chain of a novel anti-MRSA carbapenem. |
| PubMed: | Dearomatization of naphthalene: novel stereoselective cyclization reactions promoted by Osmium(II) |
| PubMed: | Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in fuel-oil contaminated soils, Antarctica. |
| PubMed: | An aqueous concentration model for riverine spills. |
| PubMed: | Toxic effects of acute inhalation exposure to 1-methylnaphthalene and 2-methylnaphthalene in experimental animals. |
| PubMed: | Disposition and metabolism of 1,2-dimethylnaphthalene in rats. |
| PubMed: | Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation by a new marine bacterium, Neptunomonas naphthovorans gen. nov., sp. nov. |
| PubMed: | The formation of 1-hydroxymethylnaphthalene and 6-hydroxymethylquinoline by both oxidative and reductive routes in Cunninghamella elegans. |
| PubMed: | Bay or baylike regions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were potent inhibitors of Gap junctional intercellular communication. |
| PubMed: | Analysis of oil components and hydrocarbon-utilizing microorganisms during laboratory-scale bioremediation of oil-contaminated soil of Kuwait. |
| PubMed: | Bacterial transformations of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrodibenzothiophene and dibenzothiophene. |
| PubMed: | Transposon and spontaneous deletion mutants of plasmid-borne genes encoding polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation by a strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens. |
| PubMed: | Transformations of six isomers of dimethylbenzothiophene by three Pseudomonas strains. |
| PubMed: | Effects of creosote compounds on the aerobic bio-degradation of benzene. |
| PubMed: | The influence of creosote compounds on the aerobic degradation of toluene. |
| PubMed: | Induction of Cyp1a-1 and Cyp1a-2 gene expression by a reconstituted mixture of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in B6C3F1 mice. |
| PubMed: | Competitive metabolism of naphthalene, methylnaphthalenes, and fluorene by phenanthrene-degrading pseudomonads. |
| PubMed: | Evidence for the involvement of multiple pathways in the biodegradation of 1- and 2-methylnaphthalene by Pseudomonas putida CSV86. |
| PubMed: | Chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity studies of 1-methylnaphthalene in B6C3F1 mice. |
| PubMed: | Ultrastructural analysis of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis induced by methylnaphthalene in mice. |
| PubMed: | Aerobic microbial cometabolism of benzothiophene and 3-methylbenzothiophene. |
| PubMed: | Analysis of the cytogenetic effect in human lymphocytes induced by metabolically activated 1- and 2-methylnaphthalene. |
| PubMed: | [Photometric method for determining methylnaphthalenes in the air]. |
| PubMed: | Identification and quantification of phencyclidine pyrolysis products formed during smoking. |
| PubMed: | Comparative cytotoxicity of naphthalene and its monomethyl- and mononitro-derivatives in the mouse lung. |
| PubMed: | Transformation of 1- and 2-methylnaphthalene by Cunninghamella elegans. |
| PubMed: | Implications of treating water containing polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons with chlorine: a gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric study. |
| PubMed: | [Gas-chromatographic determination of naphthalene, methylnaphthalene and chloranphthalene in the air]. |
| PubMed: | Effects of ortho-methyl substituents on the mutagenicity of aminobiphenyls and aminonaphthalenes. |
| PubMed: | Area repellents for mosquitoes (Diptera: culicidae): identification of the active ingredients in a petroleum oil fraction. |
| PubMed: | NMR study of 1:1 complexes between divalent sulfur and aromatic compounds: a model for interactions in globular proteins. |
| PubMed: | Improved (10)B-loaded liquid scintillator with pulse-shape discrimination. |
| PubMed: | Metabolism of naphthalene, 2-methylnaphthalene, salicylate, and benzoate by Pseudomonas PG: regulation of tangential pathways. |
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