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Category: flavoring agents
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
| Appearance: | white to pale brown crystalline powder (est) |
| Assay: | 96.00 to 100.00 %
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| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
| Specific Gravity: | 0.94600 @ 20.00 °C.
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| Refractive Index: | 1.45200 @ 20.00 °C.
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| Melting Point: | 124.00 to 128.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
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| Boiling Point: | 492.00 to 493.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
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| Acid Value: | 1.00 max. KOH/g
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| Flash Point: | 485.00 °F. TCC ( 251.80 °C. ) (est)
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| logP (o/w): | 3.202 (est) |
| Shelf Life: | 12.00 month(s) or longer if stored properly. |
| Storage: | refrigerate in tightly sealed containers. |
| Soluble in: |
| | alcohol | | | dipropylene glycol | | | water, slightly | | | water, 7.716 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) |
Organoleptic Properties:
| Odor Strength: | none |
| |
Odor Description: at 100.00 %. | bland odorless |
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| |
| Flavor Type: pungent |
| |
| | pungent spicy |
Taste Description:
| pungent burning |
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| Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
| |
| Indukern F&F |
| CAPSAICIN SYNTHETIC |
| Odor Description: | ALMOST ODORLESS, HERBAL |
| Taste Description: | pungent burning |
| |
| FCI SAS |
| NONIVAMIDE |
| Odor Description: | Mild, warm-herbaceous |
| Taste Description: | Burning, pungent |
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| |
Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
| Preferred SDS: View |
| European information : |
| Most important hazard(s): | | T - Toxic. |
R 25 - Toxic if swallowed. R 36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system, and skin. S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children. S 20/21 - When using do not eat, drink or smoke. S 23 - Do not breath vapour. S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S 36/37/39 - Wear suitable clothing, gloves and eye/face protection.
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| Hazards identification |
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| Classification of the substance or mixture |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
| None found. |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
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| Pictogram | |
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| Hazard statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Precautionary statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
intraperitoneal-mouse LD50 8 mg/kg Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. Vol. 36, Pg. 2595, 1993.
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| Dermal Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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| Inhalation Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | flavoring agents |
| Recommendation for capscaisin usage levels up to: | | | not for fragrance use.
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| |
| Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU): | 6.00 (μg/capita/day) |
| Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-USA): | 0.07 (μg/capita/day) |
| Threshold of Concern: | 90 (μg/person/day) |
| Structure Class: | III |
| Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). |
| The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library |
| publication number: 3 |
| Click here to view publication 3 |
| | average usual ppm | average maximum ppm |
| baked goods: | - | 10.00000 |
| beverages(nonalcoholic): | - | - |
| beverages(alcoholic): | - | - |
| breakfast cereal: | - | - |
| cheese: | - | - |
| chewing gum: | - | - |
| condiments / relishes: | - | 10.00000 |
| confectionery froastings: | - | - |
| egg products: | - | - |
| fats / oils: | - | - |
| fish products: | - | - |
| frozen dairy: | - | - |
| fruit ices: | - | - |
| gelatins / puddings: | - | - |
| granulated sugar: | - | - |
| gravies: | - | - |
| hard candy: | - | 10.00000 |
| imitation dairy: | - | - |
| instant coffee / tea: | - | - |
| jams / jellies: | - | - |
| meat products: | - | - |
| milk products: | - | - |
| nut products: | - | - |
| other grains: | - | - |
| poultry: | - | - |
| processed fruits: | - | - |
| processed vegetables: | - | - |
| reconstituted vegetables: | - | - |
| seasonings / flavors: | - | - |
| snack foods: | - | - |
| soft candy: | - | - |
| soups: | - | - |
| sugar substitutes: | - | - |
| sweet sauces: | - | - |
| |
| Food categories according to Commission Regulation EC No. 1565/2000 (EC, 2000) in FGE.06 (EFSA, 2002a). According to the Industry the "normal" use is defined as the average of reported usages and "maximum use" is defined as the 95th percentile of reported usages (EFSA, 2002i). |
| Note: mg/kg = 0.001/1000 = 0.000001 = 1/1000000 = ppm. |
| | average usage mg/kg | maximum usage mg/kg |
| Dairy products, excluding products of category 02.0 (01.0): | - | - |
| Fats and oils, and fat emulsions (type water-in-oil) (02.0): | - | - |
| Edible ices, including sherbet and sorbet (03.0): | - | - |
| Processed fruit (04.1): | - | - |
| Processed vegetables (incl. mushrooms & fungi, roots & tubers, pulses and legumes), and nuts & seeds (04.2): | 10.00000 | 300.00000 |
| Confectionery (05.0): | - | - |
| Chewing gum (05.0): | - | - |
| Cereals and cereal products, incl. flours & starches from roots & tubers, pulses & legumes, excluding bakery (06.0): | - | - |
| Bakery wares (07.0): | - | - |
| Meat and meat products, including poultry and game (08.0): | - | - |
| Fish and fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans and echinoderms (MCE) (09.0): | - | - |
| Eggs and egg products (10.0): | - | - |
| Sweeteners, including honey (11.0): | - | - |
| Salts, spices, soups, sauces, salads, protein products, etc. (12.0): | - | - |
| Foodstuffs intended for particular nutritional uses (13.0): | - | - |
| Non-alcoholic ("soft") beverages, excl. dairy products (14.1): | - | - |
| Alcoholic beverages, incl. alcohol-free and low-alcoholic counterparts (14.2): | - | - |
| Ready-to-eat savouries (15.0): | - | - |
| Composite foods (e.g. casseroles, meat pies, mincemeat) - foods that could not be placed in categories 01.0 - 15.0 (16.0): | - | - |
Safety References:
References:
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| pseudo | capsaicin | | | capsaicin synthetic | | | capscaisin | | | capscaisin 10% vegetable oil | | N-[(4- | hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)methyl]nonanamide | | N-4- | hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl nonanamide | | N-(4- | hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)nonanamide | | N-((4- | hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl) nonanamide | | N-(( | hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl)4-nonanamide | | N-((4- | hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl)nonanamide | | N-[(4- | hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]nonanamide | | | hydroxymethoxybenzyl pelargonamide | | 8- | methyl-N-vanillyl-trans-b-nonenamide | | | nonanamide, N-((4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl)- | | | nonanamide, N-[ (4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]- | | | nonanamide, N-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]- | | | nonanamide, N-vanillyl- | | | nonanoic acid 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzylamide | | | nonanoic acid vanillylamide | | | nonanoyl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzylamide | | | nonanoyl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl amide | | | nonanoyl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylamide | | N- | nonanoyl vanillyl amide | | N- | nonanoyl vanillylamide congealed liquid | | N- | nonanoyl vanillylamide powder | | | nonivamide | | | nonivamide (non-kosher) | | | nonivamide 10 wt% solution in benzyl alcohol | | | nonoyl vanillylamide | | | nonylic acid vanillylamide | | | nonylvanylamide | | | pelargonic acid vanillyl amide | | | pelargonic acid vanillylamide | | | pelargonic acid, vanillylamide | | | pelargonyl vanillilamide | | | pelargonyl vanillyl amide | | | pelargonyl vanillylamide | | | vanillyl pelargonic amide | | | vanillyl-N-nonyl amide | | | vanillyl-N-nonylamide | | N- | vanillylnonamide | | N- | vanillylnonanamide | | N- | vanillylnonanoamide | | N- | vanillylpelargonamide |
Articles:
| Info: | aliphatic and aromatic amines and amides |
| PubMed: | The capsaicin analog nonivamide decreases total energy intake from a standardized breakfast and enhances plasma serotonin levels in moderately overweight men after administered in an oral glucose tolerance test: A randomized, crossover trial. |
| PubMed: | Oil-in-Oil-Emulsions with Enhanced Substantivity for the Treatment of Chronic Skin Diseases. |
| PubMed: | Evaluation of changes in the haemoglobin of skin and muscle tissue of the calf, as induced by topical application of a nonivamide/nicoboxil cream. |
| PubMed: | In vitro studies on release and skin permeation of nonivamide from novel oil-in-oil-emulsions. |
| PubMed: | Nonivamide, a capsaicin analog, increases dopamine and serotonin release in SH-SY5Y cells via a TRPV1-independent pathway. |
| PubMed: | In vitro skin permeation and penetration of nonivamide from novel film-forming emulsions. |
| PubMed: | [A novel method for the identification of illegal cooking oil (1): detection of three capsaicinoids with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry]. |
| PubMed: | Toxic effects of environment-friendly antifoulant nonivamide on Phaeodactylum tricornutum. |
| PubMed: | Reactive intermediates produced from the metabolism of the vanilloid ring of capsaicinoids by p450 enzymes. |
| PubMed: | Comparison of the effects of pelargonic acid vanillylamide and capsaicin on human vanilloid receptors. |
| PubMed: | New film forming emulsions containing Eudragit® NE and/or RS 30D for sustained dermal delivery of nonivamide. |
| PubMed: | Determination and pharmacokinetics of [6]-gingerol in mouse plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed: | Novel penetration enhancers for skin applications: a review. |
| PubMed: | Contributions of TRPV1, endovanilloids, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in lung cell death in vitro and lung injury. |
| PubMed: | Structure-activity relationship of capsaicin analogs and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1-mediated human lung epithelial cell toxicity. |
| PubMed: | Molecular dynamics at ambient and elevated pressure of the amorphous pharmaceutical: nonivamide (pelargonic acid vanillylamide). |
| PubMed: | Synthesis, photolysis studies and in vitro photorelease of caged TRPV1 agonists and antagonists. |
| PubMed: | Protective effect and relation structure-activity of nonivamide and iododerivatives in several models of lipid oxidation. |
| PubMed: | A comparison of pretreatment with a topical combination of nonivamide and nicoboxil and surgical delay in a random pattern skin flap model. |
| PubMed: | Neuroprotective effects of glyceryl nonivamide against microglia-like cells and 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y human dopaminergic neuroblastoma cells. |
| PubMed: | Transdermal delivery of capsaicin derivative-sodium nonivamide acetate using microemulsions as vehicles. |
| PubMed: | Evaluation of ketoprofen formulations via penetration rate and irritation in vivo study. |
| PubMed: | Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 agonists cause endoplasmic reticulum stress and cell death in human lung cells. |
| PubMed: | Effect of topical application of capsaicin and its related compounds on dermal insulin-like growth factor-I levels in mice and on facial skin elasticity in humans. |
| PubMed: | Analysis of eight capsaicinoids in peppers and pepper-containing foods by high-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed: | Assessment of pepper spray product potency in Asian and Caucasian forearm skin using transepidermal water loss, skin temperature and reflectance colorimetry. |
| PubMed: | Electrically-assisted skin permeation of two synthetic capsaicin derivatives, sodium nonivamide acetate and sodium nonivamide propionate, via rate-controlling polyethylene membranes. |
| PubMed: | TRPV1 antagonists elevate cell surface populations of receptor protein and exacerbate TRPV1-mediated toxicities in human lung epithelial cells. |
| PubMed: | The taming of capsaicin. Reversal of the vanilloid activity of N-acylvanillamines by aromatic iodination. |
| PubMed: | Local heating of human skin by millimeter waves: effect of blood flow. |
| PubMed: | Metabolism of capsaicin by cytochrome P450 produces novel dehydrogenated metabolites and decreases cytotoxicity to lung and liver cells. |
| PubMed: | Improved dorsal random-pattern skin flap survival in rats with a topically applied combination of nonivamide and nicoboxil. |
| PubMed: | Effect of arvanil (N-arachidonoyl-vanillyl-amine), a nonpungent anandamide-capsaicin hybrid, on ion currents in NG108-15 neuronal cells. |
| PubMed: | Determination of capsaicin, nonivamide, and dihydrocapsaicin in blood and tissue by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed: | In vitro topical application and in vivo pharmacodynamic evaluation of nonivamide hydrogels using Wistar rat as an animal model. |
| PubMed: | Transdermal iontophoresis of sodium nonivamide acetate. V. Combined effect of physical enhancement methods. |
| PubMed: | Prevention of cerebral vasospasm by a capsaicin derivative, glyceryl nonivamide, in an experimental model of subarachnoid hemorrhage. |
| PubMed: | In vitro and in vivo evaluations of topically applied capsaicin and nonivamide from hydrogels. |
| PubMed: | Evaluation of percutaneous absorption and skin irritation of ketoprofen through rat skin: in vitro and in vivo study. |
| PubMed: | Quantitative analysis of capsaicinoids in fresh peppers, oleoresin capsicum and pepper spray products. |
| PubMed: | Determination of capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, and nonivamide in self-defense weapons by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed: | Capsaicin and nonivamide as novel skin permeation enhancers for indomethacin. |
| PubMed: | The transepidermal oxygen flux from the environment is in balance with the capillary oxygen supply. |
| PubMed: | Nitrated nonivamide displaying a drawback of proton's role in capsaicin-associated sensory and neuronal activities. |
| PubMed: | The effect of the base on the kinetics of action of the capsaicinoid nonivamide: evaluation with a hyperemic test. |
| PubMed: | Transdermal delivery of sodium nonivamide propionate by iontophoresis. |
| PubMed: | Selective block by glyceryl nonivamide of inwardly rectifying K+ current in rat anterior pituitary GH3 cells. |
| PubMed: | A possible role of nitric oxide formation in the vasodilatation of rabbit ear artery induced by a topically applied Capsaicin analogue. |
| PubMed: | The responses of rat trigeminal ganglion neurons to capsaicin and two nonpungent vanilloid receptor agonists, olvanil and glyceryl nonamide. |
| PubMed: | Glyceryl nonivamide: a capsaicin derivative with cardiac calcitonin gene-related peptide releasing, K+ channel opening and vasorelaxant properties. |
| PubMed: | Glyceryl nonivamide, a nonpungent analogue of capsaicin, enhances substance P release and renal function in rats. |
| PubMed: | Development and evaluation of transdermal patches of nonivamide and sodium nonivamide acetate. |
| PubMed: | Capsinolol: the first beta-adrenoceptor blocker with an associated calcitonin gene-related peptide releasing activity in the heart. |
| PubMed: | Multiple sensory and functional effects of non-phenolic aminodimethylene nonivamide: an approach to capsaicin antagonist. |
| PubMed: | Sodium nonivamide acetate: a non-pungently antinociceptive capsaicin derivative with unusual anti-inflammatory properties. |
| PubMed: | In vitro effect of penetration enhancers on sodium nonivamide acetate in rat skin. |
| PubMed: | Metabolism of capsaicinoids: evidence for aliphatic hydroxylation and its pharmacological implications. |
| PubMed: | Autonomic and sensory cardiovascular activities of nonivamide: intrathecal administration of clonidine. |
| PubMed: | Desensitizing mechanism of capsaicin and nonanoyl vanillylamide on the vascular nociceptive response in the guinea pig. |
| PubMed: | Capsaicin: identification, nomenclature, and pharmacotherapy. |
| PubMed: | Cardiovascular interactions of nonivamide, glyceryl nonivamide, capsaicin analogues, and substance P antagonist in rats. |
| PubMed: | Cardiovascular effects of nonivamide succinate. |
| PubMed: | [The effect of nonanoyl vanillylamide on the chemically-induced nociception]. |
| PubMed: | Studies on the hypothermic response of capsaicin and its analogue in mice. |
| PubMed: | Comparison of nonivamide and capsaicin with regard to their pharmacokinetics and effects on sensory neurons. |
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