citric acid
1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-
 
Notes:
a key intermediate in metabolism. it is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. the salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability. Occurs in the free state in lemons, currants, beetroot etc. and the seeds and juices of many flowers and plants. Commercially produced by large-scale fermentation of sugars using the mould Aspergillus nigus. Constit. of fruit drinks, pharmaceutical syrups. Flavouring ingredient. Primary function as an acid, acidity regulator, antioxidant, preservative and sequestrant. One of the most widely used food additives. Its clean taste makes it applicable in soft drinks, sugar confectionery, preserves, soups and sauces Citric acid is a weak organic acid. It is a natural preservative/conservative and is also used to add an acidic, or sour, taste to foods and soft drinks. (Wikipedia)
  • Augustus Oils
    • Augustus Oils Ltd
      The Premier Supplier
      Augustus Oils Ltd, in harmony with nature - to present it at its best...
      A wealth of experience, expertise and knowledge has allowed Augustus to bridge the gulf in expectation and trust between growers and users of natural ingredients. The Company works in partnership with customers on the one hand, and growers, farmers and distillers on the other. Both users and producers can then focus on exactly what they do best, while skilled Augustus technicians closely monitor and control the delivered product. This ensures users can have the confidence that they will receive the best raw materials suited to their requirements.
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      Product(s):
      Citric Acid Anhydrous Gran
       
  • BOC Sciences
    • BOC Sciences
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      Quality supplier of research chemicals and biochemicals including inhibitors, building blocks, GMP Products, impurities and metabolites, APIs for Veterinary, Natural Compounds, ADCs, Stem Cell Molecule and chiral compounds.
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      BOC Sciences is a brand of BOCSCI Inc. We leverage our wide spectrum of business in the fields of development, manufacturing, marketing, and distribution to help you make best-informed decisions tailored to your evolving needs for premium chemicals. Our complete suite of CRO services spans the entire molecule development pipeline including contract research for target identification, building blocks, compound synthesis, biochemical and cellular analysis, preclinical animal tests, and clinical studies.
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      Product(s):
      77-92-9 Citric Acid >98%
       
  • ECSA Chemicals
    • ECSA Chemicals
      Human Chemistry
      ECSA Chemicals has been active since 1913 in the trading and international commerce of raw materials. With an organisation divided into industrial segments managed by specialists, it has become one of the largest distributors worldwide.
      ECSA Chemicals is the largest Swiss-owned company in terms of warehouses for the distribution of chemical products. We have been distributing chemical products for over 100 years and we have a special interest in protecting the environment and in the safety of our facilities and collaborators.
      Established in 1913 as a small grocery store, in its over 100 years of activity ECSA Chemicals has become one of the most important Swiss-owned distributors of chemical products. The company, which is active in international distribution and trading, is organised into industrial segments that are managed by teams of specialists and experts. They guarantee professional and customised consultancy and services. With our experience, we can rapidly and safely connect you with the best suppliers on the market, providing you with a complete search, consulting and assistance service. The focus of our approach and operations is you, our customers. We strive every day to find the best products that satisfy your needs as quickly as possible. Your satisfaction is our greatest success. WHY CHOOSE ECSA? EXPERIENCE We have been working for 100 years. QUALITY We have obtained many certifications (ISO, SQAS, GDP, Responsible Care, Bio-Inspecta, RSPO, etc.). We guarantee full compliance with the current laws and continuous training for our staff. SAFETY We constantly carry out risk analyses for each infrastructure, defining safety levels and implementing corrective measures promptly wherever they are needed. WIDESPREAD DISTRIBUTION We have warehouses in strategic locations to supply goods to Switzerland and to the rest of the world. STORAGE CAPACITY The 3 ECSA-owned warehouses guarantee considerable storage area and capacity in each warehouse, with full availability of products (base chemicals and speciality chemicals). SPEED Presence all over the country, staff dedicated to sourcing raw materials and considerable storage capacity guarantee that goods are rapidly obtained and supplied. CONSULTANCY Our specialists - in-depth knowledge of the market and products allows us to provide full consulting services, from the purchase to the supply of raw materials.
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      Products List: View
      Product(s):
      MP-006501 CITRIC ACID SOL. 50%
      MP-021063 CITRIC ACID ANHYDROUS POWDER BP/USP
      MP-021170 CITRIC ACID ANHYDROUS BP
      MP-026066 CITRIC ACID ANHYDROUS PH.EUR (F4020)
      RE-302487 CITRIC ACID ANHYDROUS RPH- PH.EUR.-USP-FU-B
      RE-403725 CITRIC ACID RPE-ACS-ISO-FOR ANALYSIS-REAG. P
      RE-403727 CITRIC ACID RPE-ACS-ISO-FOR ANALYSIS-REAG. P
       
  • Glentham Life Sciences
  • Lluch Essence
    • Lluch Essence S.L.
      A family company dedicated to sales and distribution
      Flexibility, availability, price and quality.
      Flexibility, availability, price and quality make LLUCH ESSENCE S.L. one of Europe’s references when it comes to essential oils and aroma chemicals, and it is now well known all around the world.
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      CITRIC ACID ANHYDROUS
       
  • TCI AMERICA
    • TCI AMERICA
      Moving Your Chemistry Forward
      We continuously strive to advance our technology.
      With East & West Coast distribution centers, count on TCI to deliver products quickly and reliably. Over 30,000 Reagents available today in benchtop to bulk quantities. We also offer custom synthesis solutions. Sign up for a TCI account today for fast and free shipping!
      Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (TCI) is a leading worldwide manufacturer of specialty organic chemicals founded in 1946. TCI provides organic laboratory chemicals as well as pharmaceutical, cosmetic and functional materials. More than 70 years of synthesis experience and multi-purpose plants enable TCI to offer more than 30,000 products as well as custom synthesis.
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      Product(s):
      C1949 Citric Acid >98.0%(T)
       
  • United International
    • Qingdao Free Trade Zone United International Co Ltd
      Quality Products
      A partner in your supply chain solution.
      Qingdao Free Trade Zone United International Trade Co., Ltd.was founded in 1996, specializing in the production and import and export of food additives,flavor raw materials and pharmaceutical and chemical raw materials. The company has experienced R&D and business personnel,product quality, low price, efficient service and fast insight and grasp the latest market information.
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      Product(s):
      7198 Citric acid Nat.
       
  • Ernesto Ventós
  • WholeChem
    • WholeChem, LLC
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      Product(s):
      Citric Acid
       
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search
CAS Number: 77-92-9Picture of molecule3D/inchi
Other(deleted CASRN): 1192555-95-5
ECHA EINECS - REACH Pre-Reg: 201-069-1
FDA UNII: XF417D3PSL
Nikkaji Web: J2.824J
Beilstein Number: 0782061
MDL: MFCD00011669
CoE Number: 20
XlogP3: -1.70 (est)
Molecular Weight: 192.12416000
Formula: C6 H8 O7
BioActivity Summary: listing
NMR Predictor: Predict (works with chrome, Edge or firefox)
Category: acidulants, sequestrants, antioxidant synergists, flavoring agents
 
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Google Scholar: Search
Google Books: Search
Google Scholar: with word "volatile"Search
Google Scholar: with word "flavor"Search
Google Scholar: with word "odor"Search
Perfumer and Flavorist: Search
Google Patents: Search
US Patents: Search
EU Patents: Search
Pubchem Patents: Search
PubMed: Search
NCBI: Search
 FDA/DG SANTE Petitions, Reviews, Notices:
184.1033 Citric acid View - review
EU SANCO Citric acid View - review
EU SANCO Citric acid View - review
JECFA Food Flavoring: 218  citric acid
JECFA Food Additive: Citric Acid
GSFA Codex: Citric acid (330)
DG SANTE Food Additives: citric acid
DG SANTE Food Contact Materials: citric acid
FEMA Number: 2306 citric acid
FDA:No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances
FDA Mainterm (SATF):77-92-9 ; CITRIC ACID
FDA Regulation:
FDA PART 131 -- MILK AND CREAM
Subpart B--Requirements for Specific Standardized Milk and Cream
Sec. 131.111 Acidified milk.


FDA PART 131 -- MILK AND CREAM
Subpart B--Requirements for Specific Standardized Milk and Cream
Sec. 131.112 Cultured milk.


FDA PART 133 -- CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS
Subpart B--Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products
Sec. 133.123 Cold-pack and club cheese.


FDA PART 133 -- CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS
Subpart B--Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products
Sec. 133.124 Cold-pack cheese food.


FDA PART 133 -- CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS
Subpart B--Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products
Sec. 133.129 Dry curd cottage cheese.


FDA PART 133 -- CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS
Subpart B--Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products
Sec. 133.169 Pasteurized process cheese.


FDA PART 133 -- CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS
Subpart B--Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products
Sec. 133.173 Pasteurized process cheese food.


FDA PART 133 -- CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS
Subpart B--Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products
Sec. 133.178 Pasteurized neufchatel cheese spread with other foods.


FDA PART 133 -- CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS
Subpart B--Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products
Sec. 133.179 Pasteurized process cheese spread.


FDA PART 145 -- CANNED FRUITS
Subpart B--Requirements for Specific Standardized Canned Fruits
Sec. 145.134 Canned preserved figs.


FDA PART 145 -- CANNED FRUITS
Subpart B--Requirements for Specific Standardized Canned Fruits
Sec. 145.145 Canned grapefruit.


FDA PART 146 -- CANNED FRUIT JUICES
Subpart B--Requirements for Specific Standardized Canned Fruit Juices and Beverages
Sec. 146.187 Canned prune juice.


FDA PART 150 -- FRUIT BUTTERS, JELLIES, PRESERVES, AND RELATED PRODUCTS
Subpart B--Requirements for Specific Standardized Fruit Butters, Jellies, Preserves, and Related Products
Sec. 150.141 Artificially sweetened fruit jelly.


FDA PART 150 -- FRUIT BUTTERS, JELLIES, PRESERVES, AND RELATED PRODUCTS
Subpart B--Requirements for Specific Standardized Fruit Butters, Jellies, Preserves, and Related Products
Sec. 150.161 Artificially sweetened fruit preserves and jams.


FDA PART 155 -- CANNED VEGETABLES
Subpart B--Requirements for Specific Standardized Canned Vegetables
Sec. 155.130 Canned corn.


FDA PART 161 -- FISH AND SHELLFISH
Subpart B--Requirements for Specific Standardized Fish and Shellfish
Sec. 161.190 Canned tuna.


FDA PART 163 -- CACAO PRODUCTS
Subpart B--Requirements for Specific Standardized Cacao Products
Sec. 163.110 Cacao nibs.


FDA PART 163 -- CACAO PRODUCTS
Subpart B--Requirements for Specific Standardized Cacao Products
Sec. 163.110 Cacao nibs.


FDA PART 163 -- CACAO PRODUCTS
Subpart B--Requirements for Specific Standardized Cacao Products
Sec. 163.112 Breakfast cocoa.


FDA PART 169 -- FOOD DRESSINGS AND FLAVORINGS
Subpart B--Requirements for Specific Standardized Food Dressings and Flavorings
Sec. 169.115 French dressing.


FDA PART 169 -- FOOD DRESSINGS AND FLAVORINGS
Subpart B--Requirements for Specific Standardized Food Dressings and Flavorings
Sec. 169.140 Mayonnaise.


FDA PART 169 -- FOOD DRESSINGS AND FLAVORINGS
Subpart B--Requirements for Specific Standardized Food Dressings and Flavorings
Sec. 169.150 Salad dressing.


FDA PART 172 -- FOOD ADDITIVES PERMITTED FOR DIRECT ADDITION TO FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION
Subpart H--Other Specific Usage Additives
Sec. 172.755 Stearyl monoglyceridyl citrate.


FDA PART 172 -- FOOD ADDITIVES PERMITTED FOR DIRECT ADDITION TO FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION
Subpart I--Multipurpose Additives
Sec. 172.861 Cocoa butter substitute from coconut oil, palm kernel oil, or both oils.


FDA PART 173 -- SECONDARY DIRECT FOOD ADDITIVES PERMITTED IN FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION
Subpart B--Enzyme Preparations and Microorganisms
Sec. 173.160 Candida guilliermondii.


FDA PART 173 -- SECONDARY DIRECT FOOD ADDITIVES PERMITTED IN FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION
Subpart B--Enzyme Preparations and Microorganisms
Sec. 173.165 Candida lipolytica.


FDA PART 173 -- SECONDARY DIRECT FOOD ADDITIVES PERMITTED IN FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION
Subpart C--Solvents, Lubricants, Release Agents and Related Substances
Sec. 173.280 Solvent extraction process for citric acid.


FDA PART 178 -- INDIRECT FOOD ADDITIVES: ADJUVANTS, PRODUCTION AIDS, AND SANITIZERS
Subpart B--Substances Utilized To Control the Growth of Microorganisms
Sec. 178.1010 Sanitizing solutions.


FDA PART 184 -- DIRECT FOOD SUBSTANCES AFFIRMED AS GENERALLY RECOGNIZED AS SAFE
Subpart B--Listing of Specific Substances Affirmed as GRAS
Sec. 184.1033 Citric acid.


FDA PART 73 -- LISTING OF COLOR ADDITIVES EXEMPT FROM CERTIFICATION
Subpart A--Foods
Sec. 73.85 Caramel.
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Physical Properties:
Appearance: white crystals (est)
Assay: 98.00 to 100.00 % 
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: Yes
Melting Point: 152.00 to  154.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 309.00 to  310.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Flash Point: > 230.00 °F. TCC ( > 110.00 °C. )
logP (o/w): -1.640 (est)
Soluble in:
 water, 592000 mg/L @ 20 °C (exp)
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Organoleptic Properties:
 
Odor Type: odorless
 
Odor Strength: none
 
Odor Description:
at 100.00 %. 
odorless
 
 
Flavor Type: acidic
 
 acidic  
Taste Description:
strong acidic
 
Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found).
 
 
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Cosmetic Information:
CosIng: cosmetic data
Cosmetic Uses: buffering agents
chelating agents
fragrance
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Suppliers:
A.M.G.L.T.
Citric Acid Anhydrous
ADM
CITRIC ACID - TECHNICAL GRAD
Odor: odorless
Use: Citric acid anhydrous is produced as translucent crystals and as white crystalline powder. It is odorless and has a strong acidic taste. Citric acid anhydrous is very soluble in water and freely soluble in alcohol. Storage in tight containers away from heat and humidity (75oF and 55% RH) is recommended. Citric acid is widely used in the food, beverage, and pharmaceutical industries to impart a clean, refreshing tartness. Its prime use is as an acidulant, but it is also used as sequestrant of metal ions to give protection from the development of off-flavors and off-odors in certain foodstuffs. A major industrial use of citric acid is in the manufacture of ecologically compatible detergents. It is also used in chemical cleaning, concrete admixtures, plasticizers, and a range of other applications.
ADM
CITRIC ACID ANHYDROUS FINE GRANULAR
Odor: odorless
Use: Citric acid anhydrous is produced as translucent crystals and as white crystalline powder. It is odorless and has a strong acidic taste. Citric acid anhydrous is very soluble in water and freely soluble in alcohol. Storage in tight containers away from heat and humidity (75oF and 55% RH) is recommended. Citric acid is widely used in the food, beverage, and pharmaceutical industries to impart a clean, refreshing tartness. Its prime use is as an acidulant, but it is also used as sequestrant of metal ions to give protection from the development of off-flavors and off-odors in certain foodstuffs. A major industrial use of citric acid is in the manufacture of ecologically compatible detergents. It is also used in chemical cleaning, concrete admixtures, plasticizers, and a range of other applications.
ADM
CITRIC ACID ANHYDROUS GRANULAR
Odor: odorless
Use: Citric acid anhydrous is produced as translucent crystals and as white crystalline powder. It is odorless and has a strong acidic taste. Citric acid anhydrous is very soluble in water and freely soluble in alcohol. Storage in tight containers away from heat and humidity (75oF and 55% RH) is recommended. Citric acid is widely used in the food, beverage, and pharmaceutical industries to impart a clean, refreshing tartness. Its prime use is as an acidulant, but it is also used as sequestrant of metal ions to give protection from the development of off-flavors and off-odors in certain foodstuffs. A major industrial use of citric acid is in the manufacture of ecologically compatible detergents. It is also used in chemical cleaning, concrete admixtures, plasticizers, and a range of other applications.
ADM
CITRIC ACID ANHYDROUS POWDER
Odor: odorless
Use: Citric acid anhydrous is produced as translucent crystals and as white crystalline powder. It is odorless and has a strong acidic taste. Citric acid anhydrous is very soluble in water and freely soluble in alcohol. Storage in tight containers away from heat and humidity (75oF and 55% RH) is recommended. Citric acid is widely used in the food, beverage, and pharmaceutical industries to impart a clean, refreshing tartness. Its prime use is as an acidulant, but it is also used as sequestrant of metal ions to give protection from the development of off-flavors and off-odors in certain foodstuffs. A major industrial use of citric acid is in the manufacture of ecologically compatible detergents. It is also used in chemical cleaning, concrete admixtures, plasticizers, and a range of other applications.
ADM
CITROSOL® 502
Odor: odorless
Use: ADM Citrosol® 502 is industrial grade 50% aqueous citric acid solutions (anhydrous basis), suitable for use in industrial applications which do not require USP or FCC grade citric acid. Citrosol 502 is the highest quality product, for use where low color properties are required.
ADM
CITROSOL® 503
Odor: odorless
Use: ADM Citrosol® 503 is industrial grade 50% aqueous citric acid solutions (anhydrous basis), suitable for use in industrial applications which do not require USP or FCC grade citric acid. Citrosol 503 is the highest quality product, for use where low color properties are required.
Alfa Biotechnology
For experimental / research use only.
Anhydrous citric acid 98%
Allan Chemical
Citric Acid
Anhui Haibei
Anhydrous citric acid
Anhui Haibei
Citric Acid
APAC Chemical
Citric Acid
Atlantic Chemicals
Citric Acid
Augustus Oils
Citric Acid Anhydrous Gran
Services
BBFY Industrial
Citric Acid Anhydrous
BOC Sciences
For experimental / research use only.
Citric Acid >98%
Bristol Botanicals
Citric acid crystals
Camden-Grey Essential Oils
Citric acid, Bulk
Odor: characteristic
Use: Citric acid is the main ingredient in "fizzy bath bombs", the type one throws into a filled bathtub and the "bomb" begins fizzing once it hits the water. Dry Ingredients: 1 cup baking soda,1/2 cup citric acid,1/2 cup corn starch. Sieve dry ingredients til you get a nice smooth blend. (Optional: add 1/3 cup Epsom salts or coarse sea salt after sieving). Spray the dry mixture with witch hazel until it is the texture of sand like you would make a sand castle with, THEN add your citric acid and mix it in with your hands. Wet Ingredients:2-1/2 T. sunflower or other light oil, 3/4 T. water, 1 to 2 teaspoons essential oils or fragrance oils, vegetable or other natural colorant (optional). Combine wet ingredients in a jar. Cover tightly and shake vigorously. Drizzle onto dry ingredients and blend thoroughly. Pack tightly into molds and set out to dry overnight. They should release easily!
Cargill, Inc.
Citric acid (Anhydrous, liquid)
Covalent Chemical
Citric Acid Anhydrous
ECSA Chemicals
CITRIC ACID ANHYDROUS BP
ECSA TRADE THE MOST UPDATED FINANCIAL PUBLICATION ON THE WORLD OF CHEMISTRY
ECSA Chemicals
CITRIC ACID ANHYDROUS PH.EUR (F4020)
ECSA Chemicals
CITRIC ACID ANHYDROUS POWDER BP/USP
ECSA Chemicals
CITRIC ACID ANHYDROUS RPH- PH.EUR.-USP-FU-B
ECSA Chemicals
CITRIC ACID RPE-ACS-ISO-FOR ANALYSIS-REAG. P
ECSA Chemicals
CITRIC ACID RPE-ACS-ISO-FOR ANALYSIS-REAG. P
ECSA Chemicals
CITRIC ACID SOL. 50%
Ernesto Ventós
CITRIC ACID
ExtraSynthese
For experimental / research use only.
Citric Acid
Farbest-Tallman Foods
Citric Acid Solution
Foodchem International
Citric Acid Anhydrous
George Uhe Company
Citric Acid Anhydrous
Glentham Life Sciences
Citric acid, anhydrous, 99.5%, BP, Ph. Eur., USP grade
Glentham Life Sciences
Citric acid, anhydrous, 99%
Graham Chemical
Citric Acid
Indenta Group
Citric Acid
Jungbunzlauer Suisse
Citric Acid Anhydrous
Jungbunzlauer Suisse
Citric Acid
Flavor: sour
Citric acid is a naturally occurring fruit acid, produced commercially by microbial fermentation of a carbohydrate substrate. Citric acid is the most widely used organic acidulant and pH-control agent in foods, beverages, pharmaceuticals and technical applications.
Jungbunzlauer Suisse
LIQUINAT® - Liquid Citric Acid
Kraft Chemical
Citric Acid
Krunal Group
Citric Acid
Lluch Essence
CITRIC ACID ANHYDROUS
Mission flavors & fragrances
Citric Acid Solution
Moellhausen
CITRIC ACID
Odor: odourless
Flavor: citric, astringent, lemon.
Moellhausen
CITROSOLV SP
Nactis Flavours
Citric Acid
Northwestern Extract
Citric Acid FCC Anhydrous
OQEMA
Citric Acid (Anhydrous, Monohydrate, Coarse, Medium, Fine)
Penta International
CITRIC ACID ANHYDROUS GRANULAR NATURAL
Penta International
CITRIC ACID ANHYDROUS GRANULAR USP
Penta International
CITRIC ACID ANHYDROUS GRANULAR
Penta International
CITRIC ACID ANHYDROUS POWDER NATURAL
Penta International
CITRIC ACID ANHYDROUS USP/EP/JP
PerfumersWorld
Citric Acid
Prinova
Citric Acid
Qingdao Dacon Trading
Citric Acid Anhydrous
Qingdao Dacon Trading
Citric Acid
Rung International
Citric Acid
Santa Cruz Biotechnology
For experimental / research use only.
Citric Acid, Anhydrous >99%
Shiva Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals
Citric Acid Anhydrous
Sigma-Aldrich
Citric acid, ≥99.5%, FCC, FG
Certified Food Grade Products
Silver Fern Chemical
Citric Acid
Odor: characteristic
Use: Citric acid is a commodity chemical, and more than a million tonnes are produced every year by fermentation. It is used mainly as an acidifier, as a flavoring, and as a chelating agent. It is a natural preservative and is also used to add an acidic or sour taste to foods and drinks.
Tate & Lyle
Citric Acid
TCI AMERICA
For experimental / research use only.
Citric Acid >98.0%(T)
Tianjin Talent Chemical
Citric Acid Anhydrous
United International
Citric acid Nat.
Viachem
Citric Acid
Flavor: sour
Citric acid, C6H8O7, is a weak organic acid. It is a natural preservative and is also used to add an acidic, or sour, taste to foods and soft drinks. In biochemistry, it is important as an intermediate in the citric acid cycle and therefore occurs in the metabolism of virtually all living things. It can also be used as an environmentally benign cleaning agent.
Wedor Corporation
CITRIC ACID
WholeChem
Citric Acid
Zhong Ya Chemical
Citric Acid
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Safety Information:
Preferred SDS: View
European information :
Most important hazard(s):
Xi - Irritant
R 37/38 - Irritating to respiratory system and skin.
R 41 - Risk of serious damage to eyes.
S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children.
S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
S 36 - Wear suitable protective clothing.
 
Hazards identification
 
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
 
Pictogram
 
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
oral-rat LD50  3000 mg/kg
Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. Vol. 43, Pg. 561, 1992.

intraperitoneal-mouse LD50  903 mg/kg
Toxicology. Vol. 62, Pg. 203, 1990.

intravenous-mouse LD50  42 mg/kg
GASTROINTESTINAL: CHANGES IN STRUCTURE OR FUNCTION OF SALIVARY GLANDS LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: CYANOSIS BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 94, Pg. 65, 1948.

oral-mouse LD50  5040 mg/kg
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES MUSCULOSKELETAL: OTHER CHANGES
Takeda Kenkyusho Ho. Journal of the Takeda Research Laboratories. Vol. 30, Pg. 25, 1971.

intravenous-rabbit LD50  330 mg/kg
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: CYANOSIS GASTROINTESTINAL: CHANGES IN STRUCTURE OR FUNCTION OF SALIVARY GLANDS BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 94, Pg. 65, 1948.

oral-rabbit LDLo  7000 mg/kg
BEHAVIORAL: TREMOR BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE CONTRACTION OR SPASTICITY)
Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. Vol. 15, Pg. 628, 1923.

intraperitoneal-rat LD50  290 mg/kg
Toksikologicheskii Vestnik. Vol. (5), Pg. 9, 1994.

Dermal Toxicity:
subcutaneous-rat LD50 5500 mg/kg
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES MUSCULOSKELETAL: OTHER CHANGES
Takeda Kenkyusho Ho. Journal of the Takeda Research Laboratories. Vol. 30, Pg. 25, 1971.

subcutaneous-mouse LD50 2700 mg/kg
MUSCULOSKELETAL: OTHER CHANGES LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES
Takeda Kenkyusho Ho. Journal of the Takeda Research Laboratories. Vol. 30, Pg. 25, 1971.

Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined
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Safety in Use Information:
Category: acidulants, sequestrants, antioxidant synergists, flavoring agents
Recommendation for citric acid usage levels up to:
 not for fragrance use.
 
Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS).
The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library
publication number: 3. Update in publication number(s): 29
Click here to view publication 3
 average usual ppmaverage maximum ppm
baked goods: 2.000003.00000
beverages(nonalcoholic): 2.000003.00000
beverages(alcoholic): 800.0000020000.00000
breakfast cereal: 0.100000.10000
cheese: 0.400000.90000
chewing gum: 10000.0000025400.00000
condiments / relishes: 0.400000.80000
confectionery froastings: 0.300001.00000
egg products: 0.600000.60000
fats / oils: 0.500000.80000
fish products: 0.300000.40000
frozen dairy: 1.000003.00000
fruit ices: 1.000002.00000
gelatins / puddings: 174.00000210.00000
granulated sugar: --
gravies: 1.000002.00000
hard candy: 950.000001000.00000
imitation dairy: 2.000002.00000
instant coffee / tea: 5.000005.00000
jams / jellies: 2.000006.00000
meat products: 0.800000.90000
milk products: 0.800001.00000
nut products: --
other grains: 0.400000.40000
poultry: 1.000001.00000
processed fruits: 13.0000016.00000
processed vegetables: 0.500001.00000
reconstituted vegetables: 33.0000033.00000
seasonings / flavors: --
snack foods: 0.400001.00000
soft candy: 2.0000014.00000
soups: 0.200000.20000
sugar substitutes: --
sweet sauces: 3.000003.00000
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Safety References:
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):
Scientific Report of EFSA on the risk assessment of salts of authorised acids, phenols or alcohols for use in food contact materials [1]
View page or View pdf
Review of substances/agents that have direct beneficial effect on the environment: mode of action and assessment of efficacy
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Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of citric acid when used as a technological additive (acidity regulator) for all animal species
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Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of citric acid when used as a technological additive (preservative) for all animal species
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Safety assessment of the active substances citric acid and sodium hydrogen carbonate for use in active food contact materials
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Re-evaluation of acetic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, mono- and diacetyltartaric acid, mixed acetic and tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids (E 472a-f) as food additives
View page or View pdf
EPI System: View
ClinicalTrials.gov: search
Daily Med: search
NIOSH International Chemical Safety Cards: search
Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System: Search
AIDS Citations: Search
Cancer Citations: Search
Toxicology Citations: Search
Carcinogenic Potency Database: Search
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA): 77-92-9
EPA ACToR: Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS): Registry
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary : 311
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: Data
WGK Germany: 1
 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid
Chemidplus: 0000077929
EPA/NOAA CAMEO: hazardous materials
RTECS: 77-92-9
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References:
 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid
NIST Chemistry WebBook: Search Inchi
Canada Domestic Sub. List: 77-92-9
Pubchem (cid): 311
Pubchem (sid): 134972805
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Other Information:
(IUPAC): Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos: The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc: Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC): Periodic Table of the Elements
FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS): View
FDA Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances:View
CHEBI: View
CHEMBL: View
Golm Metabolome Database: Search
Metabolomics Database: Search
KEGG (GenomeNet): C00158
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database): HMDB00094
FooDB: FDB012586
YMDB (Yeast Metabolome Database): YMDB00086
Export Tariff Code: 2918.14.0000
FDA Listing of Food Additive Status: View
VCF-Online: VCF Volatile Compounds in Food
Wikipedia: View
FAO: CITRIC ACID
FAO: Citric acid
Formulations/Preparations:
•anticoagulant citrate dextrose solution, anticoagulant citrate phosphate dextrose solution, citric acid syrup, & effervescent salts. •grades of purity: usp; reagent; monohydrate grade. •grades: both hydrous (hydrated) and anhydrous, technical, chemically pure, united states pharmacopeia, food chemical codex. •citric acid for pharmaceutical use: not <99.5% anhydrous citric acid; not >5% water; not >0.05% ash; not >0.001% heavy metals; not > 0.0003% as. hydrous citric acid may contain up to 8.8% water •liquid citric acid is commercially available in a variety of concentrations with 50% ww being most common. grades are available that vary in appearance, purity, and color.
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Potential Blenders and core components note
 
For Odor
acidic
2-ethyl butyric acidFL/FR
2-methyl butyric acidFL/FR
2-methyl-2-pentenoic acidFL/FR
caramellic
 levulinic acidFL/FR
cheesy
 butyric acidFL/FR
 valeric acidFL/FR
fruity
(E)-3-hexen-1-yl acetateFL/FR
 methyl butyrateFL/FR
 
For Flavor
 
acidic
2-ethyl butyric acidFL/FR
2-furoic acidFL
(E)-2-hexenoic acidFL
 levulinic acidFL/FR
 propionic acidFL
 valeric acidFL/FR
fruity
(E)-3-hexen-1-yl acetateFL/FR
2-methyl butyric acidFL/FR
 tamarind flavorFL
 tamarindus indica extractFL
fusel
 methyl butyrateFL/FR
malty
 malt distillatesFL
sour
 acetic acidFL
 butyric acidFL/FR
2,4-dimethyl-2-pentenoic acidFL
3-methyl valeric acidFL
2-methyl-2-pentenoic acidFL/FR
winey
5-ethyl-2-methyl pyridineFL
 
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Potential Uses:
 buffering agents 
 chelating agents 
 citrusFL
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Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
 apple custard apple plant
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 apple fruit
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 apple mamey apple fruit
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 apple plant
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 apricot fruit
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 banana fruit
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 bean fava bean fruit
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 beet root
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 bilberry fruit
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 bilberry leaf
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 broadbean seed
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 broccoli asparagus broccoli plant
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 brussel sprout leaf
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 buckthorn sea buckthorn fruit
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 buckwheat leaf
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 cabbage leaf
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 cacao bean
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 cantaloupe leaf
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 caper plant
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 carrot root
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 cayenne fruit
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 celery root
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 cherry sour cherry fruit
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 chicory plant
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 chive leaf
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 coconut seed
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 coffee arabica coffee bean
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 coffee bean
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 cranberry fruit
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 currant black currant fruit
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 currant fruit
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 currant red currant fruit
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 elder black elder fruit
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 fennel seed
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 fig fruit
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 ginkgo biloba pollen
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 ginkgo biloba seed
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 gooseberry fruit
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 grape fruit
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 grape leaf
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 guava fruit
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 kohlrabi stem
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 lemon
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 lemon fruit
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 lemon fruit juice
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 lettuce leaf
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 lime fruit
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 loquat leaf
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 lupin white lupin seed
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 lupine white lupine seed
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 mamey fruit
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 mandarin fruit
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 mango fruit
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 mangosteen fruit
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 oat hull husk
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 onion bulb
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 onion leaf
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 orange fruit
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 papaya fruit
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 parsley root
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 passion fruit fruit
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 pea
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 pea seed
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 peach fruit
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 pear fruit
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 pepper bell pepper fruit
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 pineapple fruit
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 plum fruit
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 pomegranate fruit juice
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 poppy opium poppy latex
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 potato tuber
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 purslane plant
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 raspberry red raspberry fruit
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 rhubarb plant
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 rose hips fruit
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 roselle flower
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 roselle fruit
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 soursop plant
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 soybean seed
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 spinach leaf
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 star fruit fruit
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 sunflower seed
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 tamarind fruit
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 tomatillo fruit
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 tomato fruit
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 walnut english walnut fruit
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Synonyms:
3-carboxy-3-hydroxypentane-1,5-dioic acid
 citretten
 citric acid - technical grade
 citric acid (anhydrous, liquid)
 citric acid >98.0%(T)
 citric acid anhydrous fine granular
 citric acid anhydrous granular
 citric acid anhydrous granular FCC
 citric acid anhydrous granular USP
 citric acid anhydrous granular, natural
 citric acid anhydrous powder
 citric acid anhydrous USP/EP/JP
 citric acid FCC anhydrous
 citric acid solution
 citrosol 502
 citrosol 503
2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propane tricarboxylic acid
2-hydroxypropane tricarboxylic acid
2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid
2-hydroxytricarballylic acid
beta-hydroxytricarboxylic acid
1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-
1,3-propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-
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Articles:
PubMed: Effect of pretreatments on extraction of pigment from marigold flower.
PubMed: Identifying flavor preference subgroups. Genetic basis and related eating behavior traits.
PubMed: Acidic Organic Compounds in Beverage, Food, and Feed Production.
PubMed: Integration of metabolomics and subcellular organelle expression microarray to increase understanding the organic acid changes in post-harvest citrus fruit.
PubMed: Impact of roasting time on the sensory profile of arabica and robusta coffee.
PubMed: Taste loss in hospitalized multimorbid elderly subjects.
PubMed: New insights into Lactococcus lactis diacetyl- and acetoin-producing strains isolated from diverse origins.
PubMed: Genetic analysis of chemosensory traits in human twins.
PubMed: Elucidating the formation pathway of the off-flavor compound 6-propylbenzofuran-7-ol.
PubMed: The effectiveness of antibrowning dip treatments to reduce after-cooking darkening in potatoes.
PubMed: Identification and analysis of the metabolic functions of a high-salt-tolerant halophilic aromatic yeast Candida etchellsii for soy sauce production.
PubMed: Co-mapping studies of QTLs for fruit acidity and candidate genes of organic acid metabolism and proton transport in sweet melon (Cucumis melo L.).
PubMed: The effect of cocoa fermentation and weak organic acids on growth and ochratoxin A production by Aspergillus species.
PubMed: Identification and characterization of genes related to the production of organic acids in yeast.
PubMed: Enhancement of retronasal odors by taste.
PubMed: Identification of the medicinal off-flavor compound formed from ascorbic acid and (E)-hex-2-enal.
PubMed: Effect of cassava starch coating on quality and shelf life of fresh-cut pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merril cv "PĂ©rola").
PubMed: Citrate uptake in exchange with intermediates in the citrate metabolic pathway in Lactococcus lactis IL1403.
PubMed: Reconciling sensory cues and varied consequences of avian repellents.
PubMed: Chemical and instrumental approaches to cheese analysis.
PubMed: Evaluation of natural antimicrobials on typical meat spoilage bacteria in vitro and in vacuum-packed pork meat.
PubMed: Chitosan coating improves retention and redispersibility of freeze-dried flavor oil emulsions.
PubMed: The role of transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 on neural responses to acids by the chorda tympani, glossopharyngeal and superior laryngeal nerves in mice.
PubMed: Evaluation of the effect of upper complete denture on gustatory and olfactory senses.
PubMed: Taste disorders and oral evaluation in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic SCT.
PubMed: High-temperature natural antioxidant improves soy oil for frying.
PubMed: Effect of tenderizers combined with organic acids on Escherichia coli O157:H7 thermal resistance in non-intact beef.
PubMed: Production of fresh Cheddar cheese curds with controlled postacidification and enhanced flavor.
PubMed: Modeling and experimental studies on intermittent starch feeding and citrate addition in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of starch to flavor compounds.
PubMed: Microbiological, chemical, and sensory characteristics of Swiss cheese manufactured with adjunct Lactobacillus strains using a low cooking temperature.
PubMed: Potentiation of taste and extract stimuli in conditioned flavor preference learning.
PubMed: The sensory interactions of organic acids and various flavors in ramen soup systems.
PubMed: Relationship between physical properties and sensory attributes of carbonated beverages.
PubMed: Phenotypic and genotypic analysis of amino acid auxotrophy in Lactobacillus helveticus CNRZ 32.
PubMed: Food color, flavor, and conditioned avoidance among red-winged blackbirds.
PubMed: Elementary mode analysis to study the preculturing effect on the metabolic state of Lactobacillus rhamnosus during growth on mixed substrates.
PubMed: Effect of citric acid and glycine addition on acrylamide and flavor in a potato model system.
PubMed: Sweetener/sweetness-induced changes in flavor perception and flavor release of fruity and green character in beverages.
PubMed: On-line MS/MS monitoring of acrylamide generation in potato- and cereal-based systems.
PubMed: Chemesthesis and taste: evidence of independent processing of sensation intensity.
PubMed: Descriptive sensory analysis of broiler breast fillets marinated in phosphate, salt, and acid solutions.
PubMed: Quantitative taste evaluation of total enteral nutrients.
PubMed: Sour taste preferences of children relate to preference for novel and intense stimuli.
PubMed: 'Thermal taste' predicts higher responsiveness to chemical taste and flavor.
PubMed: Severe hypotension during hemofiltration in an uremic patient with metabolic alkalosis.
PubMed: Changes in physicochemical characteristics and volatile constituents of strawberry (Cv. Cigaline) during maturation.
PubMed: Age-associated increases in intensity discrimination for taste.
PubMed: Conditioned acceptance and preference but not altered taste reactivity responses to bitter and sour flavors paired with intragastric glucose infusion.
PubMed: The relation between saliva flow after different stimulations and the perception of flavor and texture attributes in custard desserts.
PubMed: II. Glutamine and glutamate.
PubMed: Sweet and sour preferences during childhood: role of early experiences.
PubMed: Ethanol flavor preference conditioned by intragastric carbohydrate in rats.
PubMed: Development of a CE method to analyze organic acids in dairy products: application to study the metabolism of heat-shocked spores.
PubMed: Citrate metabolism by Enterococcus faecalis FAIR-E 229.
PubMed: An opioid receptor antagonist, naltrexone, does not alter taste and smell responses in humans.
PubMed: Organic acids and volatile flavor components evolved during refrigerated storage of kefir.
PubMed: Clinical validation of the Helikit: a 13C urea breath test used for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection.
PubMed: Factors affecting the perception of naturalness and flavor strength in citrus drinks.
PubMed: Control of flavor development in wine during and after malolactic fermentation by Oenococcus oeni.
PubMed: Increased flavor acceptance and preference conditioned by the postingestive actions of glucose.
PubMed: Relation between saliva flow and flavor release from chewing gum.
PubMed: Kinetic analysis of yeast inactivation by high pressure treatment at low temperatures.
PubMed: Flavor preferences conditioned by intragastric infusions of dilute polycose solutions.
PubMed: Microbial biocatalysis in the generation of flavor and fragrance chemicals.
PubMed: Flavor preference produced by intragastric polycose infusions in rats using a concurrent conditioning procedure.
PubMed: Clinical evaluation of a citric acid inhaler for smoking cessation.
PubMed: Changes in taste and flavor in aging.
PubMed: Preference of Old World monkeys for amino acids and other gustatory stimuli: the influence of monosodium glutamate.
PubMed: Parabrachial gustatory neural responses to monosodium glutamate ingested by awake rats.
PubMed: Development of a citric acid aerosol as a smoking cessation aid.
PubMed: Influence of the sense of taste on broiler chick feed consumption.
PubMed: Flavor preferences in malnourished Mexican infants.
PubMed: [Intermediate moisture foods: polysaccharide and protein gels].
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