|
Category: special dietary and nutritional additives
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
| Assay: | 95.00 to 100.00 %
|
| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
| Melting Point: | 109.00 to 110.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
|
| Boiling Point: | 407.00 to 408.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
|
| Flash Point: | 392.00 °F. TCC ( 200.00 °C. )
|
| logP (o/w): | -0.696 (est) |
| Soluble in: |
| | water, 2.429e+005 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) |
| Similar Items: note |
| acetyl-dextro,laevo-tryptophan |
Organoleptic Properties:
| |
| Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
| |
| |
Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
| Preferred SDS: View |
| European information : |
| Most important hazard(s): | | None - None found. |
S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children. S 22 - Do not breath dust. S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
|
| |
| Hazards identification |
| |
| Classification of the substance or mixture |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
| None found. |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
| |
| Pictogram | |
| |
| Hazard statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Precautionary statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
intraperitoneal-mouse LD50 400 mg/kg National Technical Information Service. Vol. AD691-490
intravenous-mouse LD50 3800 mg/kg BRAIN AND COVERINGS: RECORDINGS FROM SPECIFIC AREAS OF CNS
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES
BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. Vol. 10, Pg. 1172, 1967.
oral-mouse LD50 4400 mg/kg European Patent Application. Vol. #0192191
intravenous-rat LD50 1140 mg/kg GASTROINTESTINAL: OTHER CHANGES European Journal of Respiratory Diseases. Vol. 61(Suppl
oral-rat LD50 5050 mg/kg Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 18, Pg. 185, 1971.
intravenous-dog LD50 700 mg/kg Pharmacological and Biochemical Properties of Drug Substances. Vol. 2, Pg. 479, 1979.
oral-dog LD50 > 1000 mg/kg Pharmacological and Biochemical Properties of Drug Substances. Vol. 2, Pg. 479, 1979.
|
| Dermal Toxicity: |
|
Not determined
|
| Inhalation Toxicity: |
|
Not determined
|
Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | special dietary and nutritional additives |
| Recommendation for acetyl-laevo-cysteine usage levels up to: | | | not for fragrance use.
|
| |
| Recommendation for acetyl-laevo-cysteine flavor usage levels up to: |
| | not for flavor use.
|
Safety References:
| European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s): |
Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food (AFC) on a request from the Commission related to N-Acetyl-L-cysteine for use in foods for particular nutritional uses and in foods for special medical purposes View page or View pdf |
| EPI System: | View |
| ClinicalTrials.gov: | search |
| Daily Med: | search |
| Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System: | Search |
| AIDS Citations: | Search |
| Cancer Citations: | Search |
| Toxicology Citations: | Search |
| Carcinogenic Potency Database: | Search |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA): | 616-91-1 |
| EPA ACToR: | Toxicology Data |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS): | Registry |
| Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary : | 12035 |
| National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: | Data |
| WGK Germany: | 2 |
| | (2R)-2-acetamido-3-sulfanylpropanoic acid |
| Chemidplus: | 0000616911 |
| RTECS: | HA1660000 for cas# 616-91-1 |
References:
Other Information:
| (IUPAC): | Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf) |
| Videos: | The Periodic Table of Videos |
| tgsc: | Atomic Weights use for this web site |
| (IUPAC): | Periodic Table of the Elements |
| CHEBI: | View |
| CHEMBL: | View |
| Golm Metabolome Database: | Search |
| KEGG (GenomeNet): | C06809 |
| HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database): | HMDB01890 |
| FooDB: | FDB002281 |
| Export Tariff Code: | 2930.90.9190 |
| FDA Listing of Food Additive Status: | View |
| MedlinePlusSupp: | View |
| ChemSpider: | View |
| Wikipedia: | View |
Formulations/Preparations: parenteral: for injection concentrate, for iv infusion: 200 mgml acetadote (cumberland).
oral inhalation, intratracheal instillation, and oral: solution: 100 mg (of acetylcysteine) per ml (10%), acetylcysteine sodium solution, (abbott, american regent, bedford, dey, mayne, roxane); mucomyst (sandoz); 200 mg (of acetylcysteine) per ml (20%) acetylcysteine sodium solution (abbott, american regent, bedford, dey, mayne, roxane); mucomyst (sandoz). acetylcysteine sodium
|
Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
| | antioxidants | |
| | skin conditioning | |
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| (R)-2- | acetamido-3-mercaptopropanoic acid | | (2R)-2- | acetamido-3-sulfanyl-propanoic acid | | (2R)-2- | acetamido-3-sulfanylpropanoic acid | | L-a- | acetamido-b-mercaptopropionic acid | | L-alpha- | acetamido-beta-mercaptopropionic acid | | laevo-alpha- | acetamido-beta-mercaptopropionic acid | | | acetilcisteina | | | acetyl cysteine | | N- | acetyl-3-mercaptoalanine | | N- | acetyl-L-(+)-cysteine | | N- | acetyl-L-cysteine | | | acetyl-laevo-cysteine | | N- | acetyl-laevo-cysteine | | (R)-2- | acetylamino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid | | (2R)-2- | acetylamino-3-sulfanylpropanoic acid | | 2-( | acetylamino)-3-mercaptopropionic acid | | (2R)-2-( | acetylamino)-3-sulfanylpropanoic acid | | | acetylcysteine | | | acetylcysteinum | | | airbron | | | broncholysin | | | brunac | | | cysteine, N-(1-hydroxyethylidene)-, (Z)- | | L- | cysteine, N-acetyl- | | | cysteine, N-acetyl-, L- | | | exomuc | | | fabrol | | | fluatox | | | fluimicil infantil | | | fluimucetin | | | fluimucil | | | flumucetin | | | fluprowit | | | inspir | | | LNAC | | | lysomucil | | | mercapturic acid | | (R)- | mercapturic acid | | | mucofilin | | | mucolator | | | mucolyticum | | | mucolytikum lappe | | | mucomyst | | | mucosil | | | mucosolvin | | | mucret | | | NASGC | | | parvolex | | | respaire | | | tixair |
Articles:
| PubMed: | Isoegomaketone induces apoptosis in SK-MEL-2 human melanoma cells through mitochondrial apoptotic pathway via activating the PI3K/Akt pathway. |
| PubMed: | Sulforaphane induces apoptosis in T24 human urinary bladder cancer cells through a reactive oxygen species-mediated mitochondrial pathway: The involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress and the Nrf2 signaling pathway. |
| PubMed: | Activation of JNK contributes to evodiamine-induced apoptosis and G2/M arrest in human colorectal carcinoma cells: a structure-activity study of evodiamine. |
| PubMed: | Isoorientin induces apoptosis and autophagy simultaneously by reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related p53, PI3K/Akt, JNK, and p38 signaling pathways in HepG2 cancer cells. |
| PubMed: | ω-Hydroxyundec-9-enoic acid induces apoptosis through ROS-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress in non-small cell lung cancer cells. |
| PubMed: | Chimaphilin induces apoptosis in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells through a ROS-mediated mitochondrial pathway. |
| PubMed: | Atmospheric gas plasma-induced ROS production activates TNF-ASK1 pathway for the induction of melanoma cancer cell apoptosis. |
| PubMed: | Ampelopsin induces cell growth inhibition and apoptosis in breast cancer cells through ROS generation and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway. |
| PubMed: | Alternative Biomarkers of n-Hexane exposure: Characterization of aminoderived pyrroles and thiol-pyrrole conjugates in urine of rats exposed to 2,5-Hexanedione. |
| PubMed: | The role of oxidative stress in citreoviridin-induced DNA damage in human liver-derived HepG2 cells. |
| PubMed: | Sulforaphane induces reactive oxygen species-mediated mitotic arrest and subsequent apoptosis in human bladder cancer 5637 cells. |
| PubMed: | Oxidative stress contributes to gold nanoparticle-induced cytotoxicity in human tumor cells. |
| PubMed: | Aflatoxin G1-induced oxidative stress causes DNA damage and triggers apoptosis through MAPK signaling pathway in A549 cells. |
| PubMed: | Dose-dependent folic acid and memantine treatments promote synergistic or additive protection against Aβ(25-35) peptide-induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells mediated by mitochondria stress-associated death signals. |
| PubMed: | Protective effects of 6-hydroxy-1-methylindole-3-acetonitrile on cisplatin-induced oxidative nephrotoxicity via Nrf2 inactivation. |
| PubMed: | Comparative analysis of ER stress response into HIV protease inhibitors: lopinavir but not darunavir induces potent ER stress response via ROS/JNK pathway. |
| PubMed: | Antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of spanish honeys. |
| PubMed: | Reactive oxygen species mediate tolfenamic acid-induced apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells. |
| PubMed: | Reduced scytonemin isolated from Nostoc commune induces autophagic cell death in human T-lymphoid cell line Jurkat cells. |
| PubMed: | Modulation of antioxidant defense system by the dithiocarbamate fungicides Maneb and Zineb in Chinese hamster V79 cells and the role of N-acetyl-L-cysteine. |
| PubMed: | Determination of benzyl isothiocyanate metabolites in human plasma and urine by LC-ESI-MS/MS after ingestion of nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus L.). |
| PubMed: | γ-Tocotrienol induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via activating the Bax-mediated mitochondrial and AMPK signaling pathways in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. |
| PubMed: | Rats with metabolic syndrome resist the protective effects of N-acetyl l-cystein against impaired spermatogenesis induced by high-phosphorus/zinc-free diet. |
| PubMed: | Coumestrol induces senescence through protein kinase CKII inhibition-mediated reactive oxygen species production in human breast cancer and colon cancer cells. |
| PubMed: | Genotoxicity of 2-bromo-3'-chloropropiophenone. |
| PubMed: | Oxidative DNA damage is involved in ochratoxin A-induced G2 arrest through ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) pathways in human gastric epithelium GES-1 cells in vitro. |
| PubMed: | Foodomics platform for the assay of thiols in wines with fluorescence derivatization and ultra performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry using multivariate statistical analysis. |
| PubMed: | Verrucarin A enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis via NF-κB-mediated Fas overexpression. |
| PubMed: | Antagonistic effect of Pseudomonas graminis CPA-7 against foodborne pathogens in fresh-cut apples under simulated commercial conditions. |
| PubMed: | An iTRAQ-based mitoproteomics approach for profiling the nephrotoxicity mechanisms of ochratoxin A in HEK 293 cells. |
| PubMed: | Herbacetin induces apoptosis in HepG2 cells: Involvements of ROS and PI3K/Akt pathway. |
| PubMed: | Diallyl trisulfide induces apoptosis in human breast cancer cells through ROS-mediated activation of JNK and AP-1. |
| PubMed: | The chinese herbal decoction danggui buxue tang inhibits angiogenesis in a rat model of liver fibrosis. |
| PubMed: | Oleic acid and glucose regulate glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor expression in a rat pancreatic ductal cell line. |
| PubMed: | Platycodin D induces reactive oxygen species-mediated apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 activation and endoplasmic reticulum stress response in human breast cancer cells. |
| PubMed: | A role for virally induced reactive oxygen species in Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus tumorigenesis. |
| PubMed: | Crosstalk between endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress in apoptosis induced by α-tocopheryl succinate in human gastric carcinoma cells. |
| PubMed: | Beta-eleostearic acid induce apoptosis in T24 human bladder cancer cells through reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated pathway. |
| PubMed: | Diallyl trisulfide induces apoptosis of human basal cell carcinoma cells via endoplasmic reticulum stress and the mitochondrial pathway. |
| PubMed: | Ochratoxin A induces oxidative DNA damage and G1 phase arrest in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. |
| PubMed: | Involvement of intracellular oxidative stress-sensitive pathway in phloxine B-induced photocytotoxicity in human T lymphocytic leukemia cells. |
| PubMed: | Isoobtusilactone A sensitizes human hepatoma Hep G2 cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis via ROS and CHOP-mediated up-regulation of DR5. |
| PubMed: | Aminoacylase 1-catalysed deacetylation of bioactives epoxides mycotoxin-derived mercapturates; 3,4-epoxyprecocenes as models of cytotoxic epoxides. |
| PubMed: | Oxidative stress impairs HIF1α activation: a novel mechanism for increased vulnerability of steatotic hepatocytes to hypoxic stress. |
| PubMed: | Molecular mechanisms of apoptosis induction by 2-dodecylcyclobutanone, a radiolytic product of palmitic acid, in human lymphoma U937 cells. |
| PubMed: | Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) induces G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis in human melanoma A375.S2 cells through reactive oxygen species (ROS) and both mitochondria-dependent and death receptor-mediated multiple signaling pathways. |
| PubMed: | Echinacea alkamides prevent lipopolysaccharide/D-galactosamine-induced acute hepatic injury through JNK pathway-mediated HO-1 expression. |
| PubMed: | Ginsenoside Rb1 inhibits cell activation and liver fibrosis in rat hepatic stellate cells. |
| PubMed: | Exopolysaccharide of Laetiporus sulphureus var. miniatus downregulates LPS-induced production of NO, PGE₂, and TNF-α in BV2 microglia cells via suppression of the NF-κB pathway. |
| PubMed: | Protective effect of N-acetyl-L-cysteine against maneb induced oxidative and apoptotic injury in Chinese hamster V79 cells. |
| PubMed: | L-cysteine, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, and glutathione protect Xenopus laevis embryos against acrylamide-induced malformations and mortality in the frog embryo teratogenesis assay. |
| PubMed: | Quercetin Prevents Unloading-Derived Disused Muscle Atrophy by Attenuating the Induction of Ubiquitin Ligases in Tail-Suspension Mice. |
| PubMed: | Surface treatments and coatings to maintain fresh-cut mango quality in storage. |
| PubMed: | Resveratrol, a dietary polyphenolic phytoalexin, is a functional scavenger of peroxynitrite. |
| PubMed: | 6-dehydrogingerdione sensitizes human hepatoblastoma Hep G2 cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis via reactive oxygen species-mediated increase of DR5. |
| PubMed: | Proteinaceous cytotoxic component of Allium sativum induces apoptosis of INT-407 intestinal cells. |
| PubMed: | Studies of acetaminophen and metabolites in urine and their correlations with toxicity using metabolomics. |
| PubMed: | (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate induces apoptosis of human hepatoma cells by mitochondrial pathways related to reactive oxygen species. |
| PubMed: | Exercise-induced elevation in plasma oxidative generating capability augments the temporal inflammatory response stimulated by lipopolysaccharide. |
| PubMed: | Synthesis and characterization of mercapturic acid (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)-aflatoxin B1 adduct and its quantitation in rat urine by an enzyme immunoassay. |
| PubMed: | Phenethyl isothiocyanate inhibits STAT3 activation in prostate cancer cells. |
| PubMed: | Improving the quality of fresh-cut apples, pears, and melons using natural additives. |
| PubMed: | The effects of green tea (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate on reactive oxygen species in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and adipocytes depend on the glutathione and 67 kDa laminin receptor pathways. |
| PubMed: | Advances in protein-amino acid nutrition of poultry. |
| PubMed: | Comparative study on essential oils incorporated into an alginate-based edible coating to assure the safety and quality of fresh-cut Fuji apples. |
| PubMed: | Characterization of covalent addition products of chlorogenic acid quinone with amino acid derivatives in model systems and apple juice by high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed: | Identification of Genes Responding to Low-Dose Arsenite Using HiCEP. |
| PubMed: | Effects of antioxidants on cancer prevention and neuromotor performance in Atm deficient mice. |
| PubMed: | Modifying effects of dietary factors on (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate-induced pro-matrix metalloproteinase-7 production in HT-29 human colorectal cancer cells. |
| PubMed: | Cytoprotective effects of selenium on cadmium-induced LLC-PK1 cells apoptosis by activating JNK pathway. |
| PubMed: | Areca nut extract suppresses T-cell activation and interferon-gamma production via the induction of oxidative stress. |
| PubMed: | Isoobtusilactone A-induced apoptosis in human hepatoma Hep G2 cells is mediated via increased NADPH oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the mitochondria-associated apoptotic mechanisms. |
| PubMed: | Oxidative DNA damage induced by Ochratoxin A in the HK-2 human kidney cell line: evidence of the relationship with cytotoxicity. |
| PubMed: | N-acetylcysteine is a highly available precursor for cysteine in the neonatal piglet receiving parenteral nutrition. |
| PubMed: | Reactive oxygen species mediate shear stress-induced fluid-phase endocytosis in vascular endothelial cells. |
| PubMed: | Involvement of reactive oxygen species in the immunosuppressive effect of 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-1), a food-born carcinogenic heterocyclic amine. |
| PubMed: | Triacylglycerol-mediated oxidative stress inhibits nitric oxide production in rat isolated hepatocytes. |
| PubMed: | Induction of quinone reductase by sulforaphane and sulforaphane N-acetylcysteine conjugate in murine hepatoma cells. |
| PubMed: | Effect of sulforaphane on metallothionein expression and induction of apoptosis in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. |
| PubMed: | (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate promotes pro-matrix metalloproteinase-7 production via activation of the JNK1/2 pathway in HT-29 human colorectal cancer cells. |
| PubMed: | Induction of apoptosis by the Anthocyanidins through regulation of Bcl-2 gene and activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase cascade in hepatoma cells. |
| PubMed: | Acrylonitrile-induced toxicity and oxidative stress in isolated rat colonocytes. |
| PubMed: | Hot-water extracts from adzuki beans (Vigna angularis) suppress not only the proliferation of KATO III cells in culture but also benzo(a)pyrene-induced tumorigenesis in mouse forestomatch. |
| PubMed: | Tumor profile of novel p53 heterozygous Tg.AC (v-Ha-ras) bitransgenic mice treated with benzo(a)pyrene and fed dietary N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). |
| PubMed: | Conjugated linoleic acid--mediated apoptosis in Jurkat T cells involves the production of reactive oxygen species. |
| PubMed: | Oxidative DNA damage and glioma cell death induced by tetrahydropapaveroline. |
| PubMed: | Synthesis of isothiocyanate-derived mercapturic acids. |
| PubMed: | Differential activation of MAPK and ICE/Ced-3 protease in chemical-induced apoptosis. The role of oxidative stress in the regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) leading to gene expression and survival or activation of caspases leading to apoptosis. |
| PubMed: | The role of oxidative stress in the ochratoxin A-mediated toxicity in proximal tubular cells. |
| PubMed: | In vitro effect of bioactive compounds on influenza virus specific B- and T-cell responses. |
| PubMed: | Induction of xenobiotic enzymes by the MAP kinase pathway and the antioxidant or electrophile response element (ARE/EpRE). |
| PubMed: | Molecular mechanisms of butylated hydroxylanisole-induced toxicity: induction of apoptosis through direct release of cytochrome c. |
| PubMed: | Electrophilic properties of patulin. N-acetylcysteine and glutathione adducts. |
| PubMed: | Apoptosis induced by chelation of intracellular zinc is associated with depletion of cellular reduced glutathione level in rat hepatocytes. |
| PubMed: | Effects of L-cysteine and N-acetyl-L-cysteine on 4-hydroxy-2, 5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone (furaneol), 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural, and 5-methylfurfural formation and browning in buffer solutions containing either rhamnose or glucose and arginine. |
| PubMed: | Arecoline cytotoxicity on human oral mucosal fibroblasts related to cellular thiol and esterase activities. |
| PubMed: | Involvement of hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical in chemically induced apoptosis of HL-60 cells. |
| PubMed: | Butylated hydroxyanisole and its metabolite tert-butylhydroquinone differentially regulate mitogen-activated protein kinases. The role of oxidative stress in the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases by phenolic antioxidants. |
| PubMed: | Inhibitory effect of sulfur-containing amino acids on burnt off-flavours in canned liver sausages. |
| PubMed: | Curcumin, an antioxidant and anti-tumor promoter, induces apoptosis in human leukemia cells. |
| PubMed: | Effects of curcumin on cytochrome P450 and glutathione S-transferase activities in rat liver. |
| PubMed: | Role of glutathione redox cycle in TNF-alpha-mediated endothelial cell dysfunction. |
| PubMed: | Separation of enantiomers of N-acetylcysteine by capillary electrophoresis after derivatization by o-phthaldialdehyde. |
| PubMed: | Bioavailable level and source of cysteine determine protein quality of a commercial enteral product: adequacy of tryptophan but deficiency of cysteine for rats fed an enteral product prepared fresh or stored beyond shelf life. |
| PubMed: | High-performance liquid chromatographic resolution of (R, S)-α-alkyl-α-amino acids as diastereomeric derivatives. |
| PubMed: | Browning prevention in fresh and dehydrated potatoes by SH-containing amino acids. |
| PubMed: | Automated enantioseparation of amino acids by derivatization with o-phthaldialdehyde and n-acylated cysteines. |
| PubMed: | The utilization and safety of isomeric sulfur-containing amino acids in mice. |
| PubMed: | Inactivation of aflatoxin B1 mutagenicity by thiols. |
|