chlormequat
2-chloro-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium
 
Notes:
None found
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CAS Number: 7003-89-6Picture of molecule3D/inchi
FDA UNII: 8SUZ1123XX
Nikkaji Web: J933D
XlogP3-AA: 0.90 (est)
Molecular Weight: 122.61761000
Formula: C5 H13 Cl N
BioActivity Summary: listing
NMR Predictor: Predict (works with chrome or firefox)
Category: herbicides / pesticides
 
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
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Physical Properties:
Appearance: white cyrstalline solid (est)
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00 % 
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Flash Point: 32.00 °F. TCC ( 0.00 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): -3.800 (est)
Soluble in:
 water, 1e+006 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
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Organoleptic Properties:
 
Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found).
 
 
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Cosmetic Information:
None found
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Suppliers:
 None found
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Safety Information:
 
Hazards identification
 
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
 
Pictogram
 
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
Not determined
Dermal Toxicity:
Not determined
Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined
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Safety in Use Information:
Category: herbicides / pesticides
Recommendation for chlormequat usage levels up to:
 not for fragrance use.
 
Recommendation for chlormequat flavor usage levels up to:
 not for flavor use.
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Safety References:
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):
Reasoned opinion on the modification of the existing MRLs for chlormequat in pears, cereals and commodities of animal origin
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Outcome of the consultation with Member States, the applicant and EFSA on the pesticide risk assessment of confirmatory data for the active substance chlormequat (considered variant chlormequat chloride)
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Retrospective analysis of the immunotoxic effects of plant protection products as reported in the Draft Assessment Reports for their peer review at EU level
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Review of the existing maximum residue levels for chlormequat according to Article 12 of Regulation
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Statement on the dietary risk assessment for the proposed temporary maximum residue level for chlormequat in oyster mushrooms
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Modification of the existing maximum residue levels for chlormequat in barley and animal commodities
View page or View pdf
EPI System: View
AIDS Citations: Search
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EPA ACToR: Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS): Registry
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary : 13837
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: Data
 2-chloroethyl(trimethyl)azanium
Chemidplus: 0007003896
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References:
 2-chloroethyl(trimethyl)azanium
NIST Chemistry WebBook: Search Inchi
Pubchem (cid): 13837
Pubchem (sid): 135038936
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Other Information:
(IUPAC): Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos: The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc: Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC): Periodic Table of the Elements
CHEBI: View
CHEMBL: View
KEGG (GenomeNet): C18585
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database): Search
ChemSpider: View
Wikipedia: View
Formulations/Preparations:
•chlormequat chloride technical: active ingredient 66.0% chlormequat chloride •chlormequat e-pro plant growth regulator: active ingredient 11.8% chlormequat chloride •citadel: active ingredient 11.8% chlormequat chloride •cycocel plant growth regulant: active ingredient 11.8% chlormequat chloride •cycocel plant growth regulant 63% solution: active ingredient 63.0% chlormequat chloride •et-012: active ingredient 63.0% chlormequat chloride •10%, 40% wtvol aq soln; 50% wtvol aq soln; 11.8% wtvol aq soln. •combinations: terpal c (with ethephon) •(chlormequat chloride +) di-1-p-menthene. •'titan', soluble concentrate (chlormequat chloride); dustable powder (650 gkg).mixtures include: 'arotex extra', '5c cycocel', 'cycocel 460', 'cycocel c 5', 'mirbel 5', 'wr62', soluble concentrate (chlormequat chloride + choline chloride); 'halloween', 'helstone', (chlormequat chloride + 9-(10-nor-p-menth-1-en-8-yl)-p-menth-1-ene); 'mastiff' (chlormequat chloride + carbendazim). srp: former names •aqueous solution, dust, powder, liquid, soluble concentrate. •common trade names: cycocel plant growth regulant, et-012, chlormequat e-pro plant growth regulator
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Potential Blenders and core components note
 
None Found
 
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Potential Uses:
None Found
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Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
 not found in nature
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Synonyms:
 antwylegacz
2-chlor-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium
 chlorcholine
(2-chloro-ethyl)-trimethyl-ammonium
2-chloro-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium
 chlorocholine
2-chloroethyl(trimethyl)azanium
(2-chloroethyl)trimethylammonium (8CI)
 cyclocel
 ethanaminium, 2-chloro-N,N,N-trimethyl-
 lihocin
 stabilan
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Articles:
PubMed: Rapid and sensitive detection of the inhibitive activities of acetyl- and butyryl-cholinesterases inhibitors by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS.
PubMed: Rapid detection of pesticides not amenable to multi-residue methods by flow injection-tandem mass spectrometry.
PubMed: [Study on rapid propagation of Scutellaria baicalensis variation].
PubMed: [Effect of different plant growth regulators on yield and quality of Angelica dahurica var. formosana development].
PubMed: Currently used pesticides and their mixtures affect the function of sex hormone receptors and aromatase enzyme activity.
PubMed: Comparisons of metabolic and physiological changes in rats following short term oral dosing with pesticides commonly found in food.
PubMed: Efficient micropropagation and chlorocholine chloride induced stevioside production of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni.
PubMed: Rapid determination of chlormequat in meat by dispersive solid-phase extraction and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry.
PubMed: Multiresidue analysis of plant growth regulators in grapes by triple quadrupole and quadrupole-time of flight-based liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry.
PubMed: Chlorocholine chloride and paclobutrazol treatments promote carbohydrate accumulation in bulbs of Lilium Oriental hybrids 'Sorbonne'.
PubMed: Biological monitoring of pesticide exposures in residents living near agricultural land.
PubMed: Multi-residue determination of plant growth regulators in apples and tomatoes by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.
PubMed: [Simultaneous determination of chlormequat chloride and mepiquat chloride in plants by mobile phase ion chromatography].
PubMed: Analysis of chlormequat in human urine as a biomarker of exposure using liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry.
PubMed: Pesticide adsorption in relation to soil properties and soil type distribution in regional scale.
PubMed: Epigenetic and physiological effects of gibberellin inhibitors and chemical pruners on the floral transition of azalea.
PubMed: Molecular cloning and function assay of a chalcone isomerase gene (GbCHI) from Ginkgo biloba.
PubMed: An improved method for analyzing chlormequat and mepiquat in source waters by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
PubMed: Fate and transport of chlormequat in subsurface environments.
PubMed: Chlormequat residues and dissipation rates in cotton crops and soil.
PubMed: Dissipation and residues of chlormequat in wheat and soil.
PubMed: Biosynthesis of uterotonic diterpenes from Montanoa tomentosa (zoapatle).
PubMed: No effect of the plant growth regulator, chlormequat, on boar fertility.
PubMed: Analysis of chlormequat and mepiquat by hydrophilic interaction chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry in food samples.
PubMed: Analysis of the plant growth regulator chlormequat in soil and water by means of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, pressurised liquid extraction, and solid-phase extraction.
PubMed: Determination of chlormequat in pig serum and sow milk by LC-MS/MS.
PubMed: An intercomparison study of the determination of glyphosate, chlormequat and mepiquat residues in wheat.
PubMed: Determination of chlormequat and mepiquat in foods by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry or liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry: interlaboratory study.
PubMed: The metabolite products of chlorocholine chloride (CCC) in eggs and meat of laying hens fed 15N-CCC containing diets.
PubMed: Effects of the plant growth regulator, chlormequat, on mammalian fertility.
PubMed: Gibberellins are involved in nodulation of Sesbania rostrata.
PubMed: Life- cycle assessment in pesticide product development: methods and case study on two plant-growth regulators from different product generations.
PubMed: Gibberellin inhibitors improve embryogenic tissue initiation in conifers.
PubMed: Application of internal quality control to the analysis of quaternary ammonium compounds in surface and groundwater from Andalusia (Spain) by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry.
PubMed: Distribution of 15N-chlorocholine chloride in eggs of laying hens.
PubMed: High mass accuracy in-source collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry and multi-step mass spectrometry as complementary tools for fragmentation studies of quaternary ammonium herbicides.
PubMed: Evaluation and optimization of an on-line admicelle-based extraction-liquid chromatography approach for the analysis of ionic organic compounds.
PubMed: Occurrence and risks associated with chlormequat residues in a range of foodstuffs in the UK.
PubMed: GROWTH RETARDANTS: Effects on Gibberellin Biosynthesis and Other Metabolic Pathways.
PubMed: Inhibitor studies of isopentenyl pyrophosphate biosynthesis in suspension cultures of the yew Taxus chinensis var. mairei.
PubMed: Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry for the analysis of quaternary ammonium herbicides.
PubMed: Alternative calibration approaches to compensate the effect of co-extracted matrix components in liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry analysis of pesticide residues in plant materials.
PubMed: Rapid method for determination of chlormequat residues in tomato products by ion-exchange liquid chromatography/electrospray tandem mass spectrometry.
PubMed: Determination of chlormequat and mepiquat in pear, tomato, and wheat flour using on-line solid-phase extraction (Prospekt) coupled with liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry.
PubMed: [A study on inhibitory effect of plant growth retardants on earlier bolting of Chinese Angelica].
PubMed: Effects of currently used pesticides in assays for estrogenicity, androgenicity, and aromatase activity in vitro.
PubMed: Determination of chlormequat in fruit samples by liquid chromatography-electrospray-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry.
PubMed: Comment on "Determination of chlormequat in pears by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry" by H.G.J. Mol, R.C.J. Van Dam, R.J. Vreeken, and O.M. Steijger (J. AOAC Int. 83, 742-747).
PubMed: The effect of chlorocholine chloride (CCC) inclusion in the diets of growing hens on growth rate, oestrogen levels and the onset of lay.
PubMed: Investigation of the herbicide glyphosate and the plant growth regulators chlormequat and mepiquat in cereals produced in Denmark.
PubMed: Formation of gas-phase clusters monitored during electrospray mass spectrometry: a study of quaternary ammonium pesticides.
PubMed: Simple ion chromatographic method for the determination of chlormequat residues in pears.
PubMed: Determination of quaternary ammonium pesticides by liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry.
PubMed: Tandem mass spectrometric analysis of quaternary ammonium pesticides.
PubMed: Optimisation of the quantitative determination of chlormequat by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry.
PubMed: Improved sensitivity in detection of chlormequat by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
PubMed: Determination of chlormequat in pears by liquid chromotagraphy/mass spectrometry.
PubMed: Determination of the plant growth regulator chlormequat in food by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry.
PubMed: Determination of residues of the plant growth regulator chlormequat in pears by ion-exchange high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry.
PubMed: Optimisation of ion trap parameters for the quantification of chlormequat by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and the application in the analysis of pear extracts.
PubMed: Influence of chlorocholinechloride-treated wheat on selected in vitro fertility parameters in male mice.
PubMed: Residues of chlormequat and mepiquat in grain--results from the Danish National Pesticide Survey.
PubMed: A review of the acceptable daily intakes of pesticides assessed by WHO.
PubMed: Effects of pesticides on isolated rat hepatocytes, mitochondria, and microsomes.
PubMed: Inhibition of Gibberellin Production in the Fungi Gibberella fujikuroi and Sphaceloma manihoticola by Plant Growth Retardants.
PubMed: Effect of cycocel and furfuryl amino purine on protein metabolism of pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum L.) under simulated drought conditions.
PubMed: Sudden death following accidental ingestion of chlormequat.
PubMed: Evidence for two distinct chloride uniport pathways in brown adipose tissue mitochondria.
PubMed: [Suicide with a supposedly safe plant growth regulator].
PubMed: Formation of Artemisinin in Artemisia annua During One Vegetation Period*,1.
PubMed: [Products of chlorocholine chloride metabolism in tomatoes after concentration and drying].
PubMed: [Products of the metabolism of chlorocholine chloride (CCC) in tomatoes].
PubMed: The relationship between the growth retardative effect of CCC and ethylene production.
PubMed: Effect of chlormequat and alar on some biochemical constituents in tomato plants and fruits.
PubMed: [The effect of pesticides on the protozoan Tetrahymena pyriformis].
PubMed: Toxicant-disease-environment interactions associated with suppression of immune system, growth, and reproduction.
PubMed: Effects of ingestion of chlorocholine chloride and cyclophosphamide on Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus infections in deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus).
PubMed: Influence of feeding chlorocholine chloride and glyphosine on selected immune parameters in deer mice, Peromyscus maniculatus.
PubMed: [Inorganic and ester phosphorus levels of the blood of rats in subchronic chlorcholine chloride poisoning].
PubMed: [Inorganic and ester phosphorus levels in the blood of rats after administration of a single dose of chlorcholine chloride].
PubMed: [Calculation of the spread of a chlorocholine chloride area of ground water pollution].
PubMed: [Hygienic standard for the chlorocholine chloride content of wheat grain].
PubMed: [Glucose levels of the blood of rats after subchronic chlorocholine chloride poisoning].
PubMed: [Glucose levels of the blood of rats after a single dose of chlorocholine chloride].
PubMed: Cyclophosphamide.
PubMed: [Effect of atropine sulfate on the resorption and excretion of chlorocholine chloride in rats after a single dose].
PubMed: [Effect of atropine sulfate on excretion of chlorocholine chloride in rats in subchronic poisoning].
PubMed: [Effect of various xenobiotics on the in vivo incorporation of 14C-acetate into cholesterol and other lipids in the rat].
PubMed: [Determination of chlorocholine chloride in environmental objects by thin-layer chromatography].
PubMed: Regulation of ethanolamine and choline phosphatide biosynthesis in isolated rat intestinal villus cells.
PubMed: [Pollution of soil water when chlorocholine chloride is used in agriculture].
PubMed: [Effect of (2-hydroxyethyl)-trimethylammonium chloride (choline chloride - CC) on the resorption and excretion of chlorocholine chloride (CCC) in rats].
PubMed: Temperature Interactions with Growth Regulators and Endogenous Gibberellin-like Activity during Seedstalk Elongation in Carrots.
PubMed: [Forensic chemical diagnosis of poisonings with preparation "Tur"].
PubMed: [Hygienic standards for chlorocholine chloride in the water of reservoirs].
PubMed: [The influence of 2,2-dimethylhydrazide succinic acid (Alar) on the resorption and excretion of chlorocholine chloride (CCC) in rats (author's transl)].
PubMed: [Mechanism of acute toxic effects of chlorocholine chloride and 2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid (Ethephon)].
PubMed: [Determination of chlorocholine chloride, diquat and paraquat].
PubMed: Effects of photoperiod and certain chemicals on chlorophyll retention of excised leaves of Eleusine corocana during senescence.
PubMed: [Causes for species difference in acute toxicity of chlorocholine chloride].
PubMed: Mutagenic actions of chlorocholine chloride.
PubMed: [In-vitro studies on the break-down of chlormequat (chlorcholinchloride) in the rumen].
PubMed: The effect of gibberellic acid alone and when combined with [2-chloroethyl]-trimethyl ammonium chloride on the growth and alkaloid content of Solanum laciniatum aiton.
PubMed: Lack of mutagenicity of chlormequat chloride in Drosophila and in bacteria.
PubMed: [Occurrence of chlormequat (CCC) in wheat straw and its excretion in milk following feeding of straw pellets containing chlormequat].
PubMed: Biological changes in the rhizosphere of wheat after foliar application of chlorocholinechloride, urea and 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid.
PubMed: Distribution and metabolism of chlormequat (CCC) in potato- and wheat plants.
PubMed: Determination and micro-preparative separation of chlorocholine chloride by paper chromatography.
PubMed: [Determination of chlormequat (chlorocholine chloride) residues in milk].
PubMed: [Determination of chlormequat (chlorcholine chloride) residues in plant tissue].
PubMed: Some effects of chlorocholine chloride on Mentha piperita.
PubMed: Effect of (2-chloroethyl)-trimethylammonium chloride (cycocel) on the alkaline phosphatase activity in the ovary of Acrida turrita (Acrididae-Orthoptera).
PubMed: Pesticide residues in food.
PubMed: [Hygienic evaluation of chlorcholinchloride (compound CCC) and its combination with 2, 4 D amine salt].
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