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Category: pharmaceuticals / chemical synthisis
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
| Appearance: | white amorphous solid (est) |
| Assay: | 95.00 to 100.00 %
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| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
| Flash Point: | 32.00 °F. TCC ( 0.00 °C. ) (est)
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| logP (o/w): | 1.983 (est) |
| Soluble in: |
| | water, 1e+006 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) |
Organoleptic Properties:
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| Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
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Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
| Preferred SDS: View |
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| Hazards identification |
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| Classification of the substance or mixture |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
| None found. |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
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| Pictogram | |
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| Hazard statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Precautionary statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
intravenous-dog LDLo 600 mg/kg AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM: "SMOOTH MUSCLE RELAXANT (MECHANISM UNDEFINED, SPASMOLYTIC)"
BEHAVIORAL: WAKEFULNESS
BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. -, Pg. 743, 1965.
intravenous-mouse LD50 200 mg/kg "Antibiotics: Origin, Nature, and Properties," Korzyoski, T., et al., eds., Washington, DC, American Soc. for Microbiology, 1978Vol. 1, Pg. 740, 1978.
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| Dermal Toxicity: |
subcutaneous-mouse LD50 500 mg/kg "Antibiotics: Origin, Nature, and Properties," Korzyoski, T., et al., eds., Washington, DC, American Soc. for Microbiology, 1978Vol. 1, Pg. 740, 1978.
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| Inhalation Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | pharmaceuticals / chemical synthisis |
| Recommendation for flavomycin usage levels up to: | | | not for fragrance use.
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| Recommendation for flavomycin flavor usage levels up to: |
| | not for flavor use.
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Safety References:
| European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s): |
Review of substances/agents that have direct beneficial effect on the environment: mode of action and assessment of efficacy View page or View pdf |
| EPI System: | View |
| Daily Med: | search |
| Cancer Citations: | Search |
| Toxicology Citations: | Search |
| EPA ACToR: | Toxicology Data |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS): | Registry |
| Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary : | 6433554 |
| National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: | Data |
| WGK Germany: | 1 |
| Chemidplus: | 0011015375 |
| RTECS: | QA3020000 for cas# 11015-37-5 |
References:
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| | bambermycine | | | flavofosfolipol | | | menomycin |
Articles:
| PubMed: | Antimicrobial resistance status of Enterococcus from Australian cattle populations at slaughter. |
| PubMed: | Deciphering the mode of action of cell wall-inhibiting antibiotics using metabolic labeling of growing peptidoglycan in Streptococcus pyogenes. |
| PubMed: | Monensin, virginiamycin, and flavomycin in a no-roughage finishing diet fed to zebu cattle. |
| PubMed: | A gene cluster for the biosynthesis of moenomycin family antibiotics in the genome of teicoplanin producer Actinoplanes teichomyceticus. |
| PubMed: | Effects of dietary fermentation concentrate of Hericium caput-medusae (Bull.:Fr.) Pers. on growth performance, digestibility, and intestinal microbiology and morphology in broiler chickens. |
| PubMed: | Effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus dietary supplementation on the performance, intestinal barrier function, rectal microflora and serum immune function in weaned piglets challenged with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. |
| PubMed: | Positive cooperativity between acceptor and donor sites of the peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase. |
| PubMed: | Structure-based design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of isatin derivatives as potential glycosyltransferase inhibitors. |
| PubMed: | Development of bacterial transglycosylase inhibitors as new antibiotics: moenomycin A treatment for drug-resistant Helicobacter pylori. |
| PubMed: | Regulation of expression of abcA and its response to environmental conditions. |
| PubMed: | MoeH5: a natural glycorandomizer from the moenomycin biosynthetic pathway. |
| PubMed: | Can probiotics improve the environmental microbiome and resistome of commercial poultry production? |
| PubMed: | Tuning the moenomycin pharmacophore to enable discovery of bacterial cell wall synthesis inhibitors. |
| PubMed: | Discovery of nosokophic acid, a predicted intermediate of moenomycins, from nosokomycin-producing Streptomyces sp. K04-0144. |
| PubMed: | Evaluation of the effect of low dietary fermentable carbohydrate content on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood characteristics, and meat quality in finishing pigs. |
| PubMed: | Effects of flavomycin and probiotic supplementation to diets containing different sources of fat on growth performance, intestinal morphology, apparent metabolizable energy, and fat digestibility in broiler chickens. |
| PubMed: | Development of a modified selective medium to enhance the recovery rate of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae and other porcine intestinal spirochaetes from faeces. |
| PubMed: | Multiple-antibiotic resistance of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium from cecal contents in broiler chicken and turkey flocks slaughtered in Canada and plasmid colocalization of tetO and ermB genes. |
| PubMed: | Influence of antimicrobial feed additives on broiler commensal posthatch gut microbiota development and performance. |
| PubMed: | Induction kinetics of the Staphylococcus aureus cell wall stress stimulon in response to different cell wall active antibiotics. |
| PubMed: | Prevalence, species distribution and antimicrobial resistance of enterococci isolated from US dairy cattle. |
| PubMed: | Susceptibility of Clostridium difficile toward antimicrobial agents used as feed additives for food animals. |
| PubMed: | Effects of the antibiotic growth promoters flavomycin and florfenicol on the autochthonous intestinal microbiota of hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus ♀ × O. aureus ♂). |
| PubMed: | Contamination rates and antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from "grass-fed" labeled beef products. |
| PubMed: | Functional and structural analysis of a key region of the cell wall inhibitor moenomycin. |
| PubMed: | The molecular biology of moenomycins: towards novel antibiotics based on inhibition of bacterial peptidoglycan glycosyltransferases. |
| PubMed: | Determination of the banned growth promoter moenomycin A in feed stuffs by liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ion trap mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed: | Genetic factors that influence moenomycin production in streptomycetes. |
| PubMed: | Synthesis and evaluation of a new fluorescent transglycosylase substrate: lipid II-based molecule possessing a dansyl-C20 polyprenyl moiety. |
| PubMed: | Species distribution and resistance patterns to growth-promoting antimicrobials of enterococci isolated from pigs and chickens in Korea. |
| PubMed: | Complete characterization of the seventeen step moenomycin biosynthetic pathway. |
| PubMed: | Effect of inulin on growth performance, intestinal tract sizes, mineral retention and tibial bone mineralisation in broiler chickens. |
| PubMed: | Effect of dietary antibiotic, probiotic and prebiotic as growth promoters, on growth performance, carcass characteristics and hematological indices of broiler chickens. |
| PubMed: | Risk assessment of ciprofloxacin, flavomycin, olaquindox and colistin sulfate based on microbiological impact on human gut biota. |
| PubMed: | Diversity and susceptibility of Enterococcus isolated from cattle before and after harvest. |
| PubMed: | Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS)-based characterisation of aptamer ligand interaction. |
| PubMed: | Sodium-butyrate as a growth promoter in milk replacer formula for young calves. |
| PubMed: | Identification and characterization of Streptomyces ghanaensis ATCC14672 integration sites for three actinophage-based plasmids. |
| PubMed: | Effect of a dried Bacillus subtilis culture on gosling growth performance. |
| PubMed: | Effect of the anticoccidial agents halofuginone and monensin when given with growth promoting antibiotics upon the control of coccidiosis in the turkey. |
| PubMed: | Antimicrobial resistance and virulence of Enterococcus faecalis isolated from retail food. |
| PubMed: | Adaptation to flavomycin in the ruminal bacterium, Prevotella bryantii. |
| PubMed: | Determination of the antimicrobial growth promoter moenomycin-A in chicken litter. |
| PubMed: | A long research story culminates in the first total synthesis of moenomycin A. |
| PubMed: | Effect of dietary lactoferrin on the immune functions and serum iron level of weanling piglets. |
| PubMed: | A streamlined metabolic pathway for the biosynthesis of moenomycin A. |
| PubMed: | The total synthesis of moenomycin A. |
| PubMed: | Degradation and reconstruction of moenomycin A and derivatives: dissecting the function of the isoprenoid chain. |
| PubMed: | Effect of lactoferrin on the growth performance, intestinal morphology, and expression of PR-39 and protegrin-1 genes in weaned piglets. |
| PubMed: | Effect of flavophospholipol on conjugation frequency between Escherichia coli donor and recipient pairs in vitro and in the chicken gastrointestinal tract. |
| PubMed: | Screening of Bacillus strains as potential probiotics and subsequent confirmation of the in vivo effectiveness of Bacillus subtilis MA139 in pigs. |
| PubMed: | Characterization of moenomycin antibiotic complex by multistage MALDI-IT/RTOF-MS and ESI-IT-MS. |
| PubMed: | Flavophospholipol use in animals: positive implications for antimicrobial resistance based on its microbiologic properties. |
| PubMed: | Effect of subtherapeutic antimicrobials on genetic diversity of Enterococcus faecium from chickens. |
| PubMed: | Effect of growth promotant usage on enterococci species on a poultry farm. |
| PubMed: | Effect of dietary oligochitosan supplementation on ileal digestibility of nutrients and performance in broilers. |
| PubMed: | Influence of flavomycin on microbial numbers, microbial metabolism and gut tissue protein turnover in the digestive tract of sheep. |
| PubMed: | Efficiency of Echinacea purpurea on performance and immune status in pigs. |
| PubMed: | Purification and structure elucidation of antifungal and antibacterial activities of newly isolated Streptomyces sp. strain US80. |
| PubMed: | Influence of flavomycin on ruminal fermentation and microbial populations in sheep. |
| PubMed: | Performance and caecal adaptation of turkeys to diets without or with antibiotic and with different levels of mannan-oligosaccharide. |
| PubMed: | Synthesis of mono- and disaccharide analogs of moenomycin and lipid II for inhibition of transglycosylase activity of penicillin-binding protein 1b. |
| PubMed: | Susceptibility of Clostridium perfringens strains from broiler chickens to antibiotics and anticoccidials. |
| PubMed: | Aptamers that recognize the lipid moiety of the antibiotic moenomycin A. |
| PubMed: | Species distribution and antibiotic resistance patterns of enterococci isolated from food of animal origin in Germany. |
| PubMed: | Acceptor specificity and inhibition of the bacterial cell-wall glycosyltransferase MurG. |
| PubMed: | Studies on the interaction of the antibiotic moenomycin A with the enzyme penicillin-binding protein 1b. |
| PubMed: | Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from commercial broilers in northeastern Georgia. |
| PubMed: | Effect of feeding the ionophores monensin and laidlomycin propionate and the antimicrobial bambermycin to sheep experimentally infected with E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella typhimurium. |
| PubMed: | Effects of the antibiotic ionophores monensin, lasalocid, laidlomycin propionate and bambermycin on Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7 in vitro. |
| PubMed: | A surface plasmon resonance analysis of the interaction between the antibiotic moenomycin A and penicillin-binding protein 1b. |
| PubMed: | A multitarget assay for inhibitors of membrane-associated steps of peptidoglycan biosynthesis. |
| PubMed: | Moenomycin-mediated affinity purification of penicillin-binding protein 1b. |
| PubMed: | Development of a whole-cell assay for peptidoglycan biosynthesis inhibitors. |
| PubMed: | Comparative investigation of salinomycin and flavophospholipol in sheep fed different composed diets. |
| PubMed: | Effects of flavophospholipol on resistance in fecal Escherichia coli and enterococci of fattening pigs. |
| PubMed: | Aptamers that bind to the antibiotic moenomycin A. |
| PubMed: | The effect of mannanoligosaccharides, bambermycins, and virginiamycin on performance of large white male market turkeys. |
| PubMed: | Effects of hen age, Bio-Mos, and Flavomycin on poult susceptibility to oral Escherichia coli challenge. |
| PubMed: | Differences in antibiotic resistance patterns of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium strains isolated from farm and pet animals. |
| PubMed: | Occurrence, selection and spread of resistance to antimicrobial agents used for growth promotion for food animals in Denmark. |
| PubMed: | Antibacterial activity of synthetic analogues based on the disaccharide structure of moenomycin, an inhibitor of bacterial transglycosylase. |
| PubMed: | Influence of different medium components on the in vitro activity of the growth-promoting antibiotic flavomycin against enterococci. |
| PubMed: | Impact of flavophospholipol and vancomycin on conjugational transfer of vancomycin resistance plasmids. |
| PubMed: | In situ assay for identifying inhibitors of bacterial transglycosylase. |
| PubMed: | Some selective reactions of moenomycin A. |
| PubMed: | Associations between the use of antimicrobial agents for growth promotion and the occurrence of resistance among Enterococcus faecium from broilers and pigs in Denmark, Finland, and Norway. |
| PubMed: | Antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacteria in a virtually closed water reticulation system. |
| PubMed: | Inhibition of transglycosylation involved in bacterial peptidoglycan synthesis. |
| PubMed: | Isolation and structural elucidation of AC326-alpha, a new member of the moenomycin group. |
| PubMed: | A simple screen for murein transglycosylase inhibitors. |
| PubMed: | Assessment of various treatments to reduce carriage of Salmonella in swine. |
| PubMed: | The effect of flavophospholipol (Flavomycin) and salinomycin sodium (Sacox) on the excretion of Clostridium perfringens, Salmonella enteritidis, and Campylobacter jejuni in broilers after experimental infection. |
| PubMed: | Gene disruption studies of penicillin-binding proteins 1a, 1b, and 2a in Streptococcus pneumoniae. |
| PubMed: | Interactions of soluble penicillin-binding protein 2a of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with moenomycin. |
| PubMed: | Single-cell analysis of glycopeptide resistance gene expression in teicoplanin-resistant mutants of a VanB-type Enterococcus faecalis. |
| PubMed: | Identification and semiquantitative estimation of antibiotics added to complete feeds, premixes, and concentrates. |
| PubMed: | Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from food animals to antimicrobial growth promoters and related therapeutic agents in Denmark. |
| PubMed: | Effects of different test conditions on MICs of food animal growth-promoting antibacterial agents for enterococci. |
| PubMed: | Three-dimensional structure of moenomycin A--a potent inhibitor of penicillin-binding protein 1b. |
| PubMed: | Bioefficacy of enzyme preparations containing beta-glucanase and xylanase activities in broiler diets based on barley or wheat, in combination with flavomycin. |
| PubMed: | Isolation and analysis of moenomycin and its biosynthetic intermediates from Streptomyces ghanaensis (ATCC 14672) wildtype and selected mutants. |
| PubMed: | Characterisation of antibiotic moenomycin A interaction with phospholipid model membranes. |
| PubMed: | Impact of antibiotic use in animal feeding on resistance of bacterial pathogens in humans. |
| PubMed: | Inhibition of the trehalose-P synthase of mycobacteria by various antibiotics. |
| PubMed: | The monofunctional glycosyltransferase of Escherichia coli is a member of a new class of peptidoglycan-synthesising enzymes. |
| PubMed: | Effect of probiotic supplementation on growth, nitrogen utilisation and serum cholesterol in broilers. |
| PubMed: | Influence of Trichoderma viride enzyme complex on nutrient utilization and performance of laying hens in diets with and without antibiotic supplementation. |
| PubMed: | Effect of combination of oxacillin and non-beta-lactam antibiotics on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. |
| PubMed: | [Functioning of integrative vectors, based on phage phi C 31, in the strain Streptomyces bambergiensis 712]. |
| PubMed: | [The effect of different flavophospholipol levels in rabbit feed on the fattening rate of hybrid rabbits]. |
| PubMed: | In vitro susceptibility of Clostridium perfringens isolated from farm animals to growth-enhancing antibiotics. |
| PubMed: | [The effect of flavomycin on the fattening performance of bulls]. |
| PubMed: | [The effect of flavomycin on digestion in fattening bulls]. |
| PubMed: | Effect of four antibiotic additives on the Salmonella contamination of chicks protected by an adult caecal flora. |
| PubMed: | Analysis of murein and murein precursors during antibiotic-induced lysis of Escherichia coli. |
| PubMed: | [Effect of flavomycin on the apparent digestibility of crude nutrients in wethers, parameters of rumen fermentation in cattle and feed intake and weight gain of heifers]. |
| PubMed: | Flavomycin effects on performance of beef bulls and nutrient digestibility in wethers. |
| PubMed: | Influence of a dried Bacillus subtilis culture and antibiotics on performance and intestinal microflora in turkeys. |
| PubMed: | Effects of different antibiotics on performance, processing characteristics, and parts yield of broiler chickens. |
| PubMed: | Effect of bambermycins (Flavomycin) in diets for growing turkeys. |
| PubMed: | Discrepancy between in vitro and in vivo assays for the susceptibility of Bacillus C.I.P. 5832 to antimicrobial agents. |
| PubMed: | [The discovery of giant linear plasmids in strains of Streptomyces bambergiensis]. |
| PubMed: | Effects of monensin and bambermycins on the performance of market turkeys. |
| PubMed: | [Effect of plasmid pIJ350 on genetic stability of antibiotic production by Streptomyces bambergiensis]. |
| PubMed: | Influence of peas (Pisum sativum) as a dietary ingredient and flavomycin supplementation on the performance and intestinal microflora of broiler chicks. |
| PubMed: | Effect of some antibiotics as growth promoters on performance of broiler chicks fed different protein levels. |
| PubMed: | In vitro analytical system for determining the ability of antibiotics at residue levels to select for resistance in bacteria. |
| PubMed: | Effect of salinomycin, flavomycin and avoparcin on some physiological traits of growing lambs, with particular respect to rumen fermentation. |
| PubMed: | [Phenotypic and genotypic properties of 4 virulence plasmids of Salmonella typhimurium]. |
| PubMed: | Effect of antibiotics on tissue trace mineral concentration and intestinal tract weight of broiler chicks. |
| PubMed: | Effects of moenomycin on Escherichia coli. |
| PubMed: | [Morphological changes in broilers produced by feeding antibiotics]. |
| PubMed: | A differential response in turkey poults to various antibiotics in diets designed to be deficient or adequate in certain essential nutrients. |
| PubMed: | The use of bambermycins (Flavomycin) and halofuginone (Stenorol) in diets for growing turkeys. |
| PubMed: | [Electrophoretic method of demonstrating antibiotic residues in meat and eggs]. |
| PubMed: | [Ergotrophic action of flavophospholipol during the fattening of geese]. |
| PubMed: | Murein hydrolases of Caulobacter crescentus. |
| PubMed: | Effect of bambermycins, in vitro, on plasmid-mediated antimicrobial resistance. |
| PubMed: | Properties of cell wall peptidoglycan synthesized by amino acid deprived re1A mutants of Escherichia coli. |
| PubMed: | Effects of diet and antimicrobials on growth, feed efficiency, intestinal Clostridium perfringens, and ileal weight of broiler chicks. |
| PubMed: | Broiler chick growth response to antibiotics, 1981-1982. |
| PubMed: | The effect of bambermycin, carbadox, chlortetracycline and olaquindox on antibiotic resistance in intestinal coliforms: a new animal model. |
| PubMed: | [Detection of flavomycin in eggs]. |
| PubMed: | Inhibitors of the biosynthesis and processing of N-linked oligosaccharides. |
| PubMed: | Susceptibility of clostridia from farm animals to 21 antimicrobial agents including some used for growth promotion. |
| PubMed: | Long-term broiler performance with bambermycins and bambermycins plus roxarsone. |
| PubMed: | [Antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents--from research to practice. VII. Some remarks to practitioners on the properties of polymyxins, lincosanides, spectinomycin, synergistines, bacitracin, novobiocin and flavomycin]. |
| PubMed: | Susceptibility of fecal streptococci of poultry origin to nine growth-promoting agents. |
| PubMed: | The effect of flavomycin on the synthesis and transfer of lipid-linked saccharides in pig brain. |
| PubMed: | Effect of bambermycins on quantity, prevalence, duration, and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella typhimurium in experimentally infected broiler chickens. |
| PubMed: | [Determination of flavomycin in poultry meat]. |
| PubMed: | [Tolerance and acute and subchronic toxicity of flavophospholipol from the Pharmaceutical Chemical Research Institute]. |
| PubMed: | [Current animal feeds with antimicrobial activity]. |
| PubMed: | [Effect of salinomycin (K-364) on calves for fattening]. |
| PubMed: | [Transfer of vitamin A to the egg influenced by bacitracin or flavomycin (author's transl)]. |
| PubMed: | [Ureolytic activity in the intestinal tract of layers, effects of bacitracin and flavomycin (author's transl)]. |
| PubMed: | [Broad beans (Vicia fava, L.) as an alternative source of protein in chick diets]. |
| PubMed: | Effect of bambermycins and tylosin on performance of growing-finishing swine. |
| PubMed: | Compatibility and anticoccidial activity of lasalocid in combination with roxarsone and antibiotics against Eimeria mixed infection in chicks. |
| PubMed: | Sensitivity of staphylococci from farm animals to antibacterial agents used for growth promotion and therapy. A ten year study. |
| PubMed: | [Staphylococcus aureus in poultry--biochemical characteristics, antibiotic resistance and phage pattern (author's transl)]. |
| PubMed: | Factors affecting the incidence and anti-salmonella activity of the anaerobic caecal flora of the young chick. |
| PubMed: | Effect of bambermycins on Escherichia coli and antibiotic resistance in calves. |
| PubMed: | Experimental results of the use of flavofosfolipol in dairy cattle. |
| PubMed: | Influence of bambermycins on Salmonella infection and antibiotic resistance in calves. |
| PubMed: | [Antibiotic residues in organs and muscle tissues of broilers. I. Bacitracin, flavomycin, spiramycin and viriniamycin residues following administration of diets containing low levels of these antibiotics (author's transl)]. |
| PubMed: | Influence of bambermycins on Salmonella infection and antibiotic resistance in swine. |
| PubMed: | [Nutritive action of flavophospholipol and virginiamycin on broiler pullets]. |
| PubMed: | The effect of feeding diets containing permitted antibiotics on the faecal excretion of Salmonella typhimurium by experimentally infected chickens. |
| PubMed: | [New heptaene antibiotic, flavomycin, formed by Act. flavus var. geptinicus var. nov]. |
| PubMed: | [Influence of a colicinogenic strain, given perorally, on the occurence of various plasmids of E. coli in piglets fed by flavomycin (author's transl)]. |
| PubMed: | [Use of payzone-nitrovin and flavomycin in the fattening of poultry]. |
| PubMed: | [Studies on the antigenicity of Flavomycin]. |
| PubMed: | The effect of actinomycin D and flavomycin on Escherichia coli R+ strains. |
| PubMed: | [Effect of flavomycin on episomal resistant bacteria]. |
| PubMed: | [Effect of 2 differently pretreated Flavomycin mycelia on the growth of calves]. |
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