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Category: herbicides / pesticides
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
| Assay: | 95.00 to 100.00 %
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| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
| Flash Point: | 32.00 °F. TCC ( 0.00 °C. ) (est)
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| logP (o/w): | 2.439 (est) |
Organoleptic Properties:
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| Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
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Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
| Preferred SDS: View |
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| Hazards identification |
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| Classification of the substance or mixture |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
| None found. |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
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| Pictogram | |
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| Hazard statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Precautionary statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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| Dermal Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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| Inhalation Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | herbicides / pesticides |
| Recommendation for diclazuril usage levels up to: | | | not for fragrance use.
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| Recommendation for diclazuril flavor usage levels up to: |
| | not for flavor use.
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Safety References:
| European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s): |
Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of diclazuril (Clinacox® 0.5 %) as feed additive for chickens reared for laying View page or View pdf |
Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of Coxiril® (diclazuril) as a feed additive for chickens for fattening View page or View pdf |
Opinion on the safety and efficacy of Coxiril® (diclazuril) as a feed additive for guinea fowl View page or View pdf |
Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of Coxiril® (diclazuril) as a feed additive for turkeys for fattening View page or View pdf |
Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of Coxiril® (diclazuril) for rabbits for fattening and breeding View page or View pdf |
Safety and efficacy of Coxiril® (diclazuril) for pheasants View page or View pdf |
Safety and efficacy of Coxiril® (diclazuril) for chickens reared for laying View page or View pdf |
| ClinicalTrials.gov: | search |
| Daily Med: | search |
| AIDS Citations: | Search |
| Cancer Citations: | Search |
| Toxicology Citations: | Search |
| EPA ACToR: | Toxicology Data |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS): | Registry |
| Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary : | 456389 |
| National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: | Data |
| WGK Germany: | 2 |
| | 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-[2,6-dichloro-4-(3,5-dioxo-1,2,4-triazin-2-yl)phenyl]acetonitrile |
| Chemidplus: | 0101831372 |
References:
| | 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-[2,6-dichloro-4-(3,5-dioxo-1,2,4-triazin-2-yl)phenyl]acetonitrile |
| NIST Chemistry WebBook: | Search Inchi |
| Pubchem (cid): | 456389 |
| Pubchem (sid): | 135016035 |
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| 2-(4- | chlorophenyl)-2-[2,6-dichloro-4-(3,5-dioxo-1,2,4-triazin-2-yl)phenyl]acetonitrile | | (4- | chlorophenyl)[2,6-dichloro-4-(3,5-dioxo-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-2(3H)-yl)phenyl]acetonitrile | | | coxiril | | 2,6- | dichloro-.alpha.-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(4,5-dihydro-3,5-dioxo-1,2,4-triazin-2(3H)-yl)benzeneacetonitrile | | 2,6- | dichloro-alpha-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-[4,5-dihydro-3,5-dioxo-1,2,4-triazin-2(3H)-yl]benzeneacetonitrile | | | diclazurilum | | 2-[4-[3,5-bis( | oxidanylidene)-1,2,4-triazin-2-yl]-2,6-bis(chloranyl)phenyl]-2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethanenitrile |
Articles:
| PubMed: | Diclazuril Protects against Maternal Gastrointestinal Syndrome and Congenital Toxoplasmosis. |
| PubMed: | Feed additives diclazuril and nicarbazin in egg and liver samples from Croatian farms. |
| PubMed: | Development and validation of a multiresidue liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for 11 coccidiostats in feed. |
| PubMed: | Proteomic analysis of the effect of diclazuril on second-generation merozoites of Eimeria tenella. |
| PubMed: | Single-laboratory validation of a multiplex flow cytometric immunoassay for the simultaneous detection of coccidiostats in eggs and feed. |
| PubMed: | Anticoccidial effects of a novel triazine nitromezuril in broiler chickens. |
| PubMed: | Evaluating the resistance of eimeria spp. Field isolates to anticoccidial drugs using three different indices. |
| PubMed: | Efficacy of toltrazuril 5 % suspension (Baycox®, Bayer) and diclazuril (Vecoxan®, Janssen-Cilag) in the control of Eimeria spp. in lambs. |
| PubMed: | Determination of 20 coccidiostats in milk, duck muscle and non-avian muscle tissue using UHPLC-MS/MS. |
| PubMed: | Nuclear translocation and accumulation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase involved in diclazuril-induced apoptosis in Eimeria tenella (E. tenella). |
| PubMed: | Lamb eimeriosis: applied treatment protocols in dairy sheep production systems. |
| PubMed: | A novel serine/threonine protein phosphatase type 5 from second-generation merozoite of Eimeria tenella is associated with diclazuril-induced apoptosis. |
| PubMed: | Metaphylactic effect of Diclazuril 0.25% in suckling beef calves, during a coccidiosis outbreak in extensive farming. |
| PubMed: | Can the use of coccidiostats in poultry breeding lead to residues in vegetables? An experimental study. |
| PubMed: | Anticoccidial activity of traditional Chinese herbal Dichroa febrifuga Lour. extract against Eimeria tenella infection in chickens. |
| PubMed: | Development of a five-plex flow cytometric immunoassay for the simultaneous detection of six coccidiostats in feed and eggs. |
| PubMed: | Receptor for activated C kinase ortholog of second-generation merozoite in Eimeria tenella: clone, characterization, and diclazuril-induced mRNA expression. |
| PubMed: | Effects of anticoccidial and antibiotic growth promoter programs on broiler performance and immune status. |
| PubMed: | Adjuvant effect of ginsenoside-based nanoparticles (ginsomes) on the recombinant vaccine against Eimeria tenella in chickens. |
| PubMed: | Control strategies using diclazuril against coccidiosis in goat kids. |
| PubMed: | Structure-based discovery of anti-influenza virus A compounds among medicines. |
| PubMed: | Effect of the diclazuril on Hsp90 in the second-generation merozoites of Eimeria tenella. |
| PubMed: | Development and validation of an UPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of ionophoric and synthetic coccidiostats in vegetables. |
| PubMed: | Development and validation of a multi-residue liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry confirmatory method for eleven coccidiostats in eggs. |
| PubMed: | Determination of eleven coccidiostats in animal feed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry at cross contamination levels. |
| PubMed: | [Determination of avermectin, diclazuril, toltrazuril and metabolite residues in pork by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry]. |
| PubMed: | Determination of diclazuril, toltrazuril and its two metabolites in poultry tissues and eggs by gel permeation chromatography-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed: | The efficacy of anticoccidial products against Eimeria spp. in northern bobwhites. |
| PubMed: | Dose-response effects of diclazuril against pathogenic species of ovine coccidia and the development of protective immunity. |
| PubMed: | Risk assessment of coccidostatics during feed cross-contamination: animal and human health aspects. |
| PubMed: | Long-term effect of toltrazuril on growth performances of dairy heifers and beef calves exposed to natural Eimeria zuernii and Eimeria bovis infections. |
| PubMed: | Pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution of doxycycline in broiler chickens pretreated with either: diclazuril or halofuginone. |
| PubMed: | Multi-residue method for detecting coccidiostats at carry-over level in feed by HPLC-MS/MS. |
| PubMed: | Eimeria tenella: effects of diclazuril treatment on microneme genes expression in second-generation merozoites and pathological changes of caeca in parasitized chickens. |
| PubMed: | Histomorphometry and macroscopic intestinal lesions in broilers infected with Eimeria acervulina. |
| PubMed: | Actin-depolymerizing factor of second-generation merozoite in Eimeria tenella: clone, prokaryotic expression, and diclazuril-induced mRNA expression. |
| PubMed: | Effects of diclazuril on apoptosis and mitochondrial transmembrane potential in second-generation merozoites of Eimeria tenella. |
| PubMed: | Sensitivity of isolates of Eimeria from turkey flocks to the anticoccidial drugs amprolium, clopidol, diclazuril, and monensin. |
| PubMed: | [Comparison of pretreatment methods for the simultaneous determination of diclazuril and toltrazuril residues in chicken tissues]. |
| PubMed: | Study of the comparative efficacy of toltrazuril and diclazuril against ovine coccidiosis in housed lambs. |
| PubMed: | Genotype comparison of sorbitol-negative Escherichia coli isolates from healthy broiler chickens from different commercial farms. |
| PubMed: | Multi-residue confirmatory method for the determination of twelve coccidiostats in chicken liver using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed: | Validation of a multi-residue liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry confirmatory method for 10 anticoccidials in eggs according to Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. |
| PubMed: | Fast liquid chromatography/multiple-stage mass spectrometry of coccidiostats. |
| PubMed: | Efficacy of toltrazuril (Baycox 5% suspension) in natural infections with pathogenic Eimeria spp. in housed lambs. |
| PubMed: | Assessing the effect of diclazuril on the intestinal absorptive capacity of broilers infected with experimental coccidiosis, using d-xylose absorption test. |
| PubMed: | Effect of subcutaneously administered diclazuril on the output of Eimeria species oocysts by experimentally infected rabbits. |
| PubMed: | Comparison of three adjuvants used to produce polyclonal antibodies to veterinary drugs. |
| PubMed: | The effect of a metaphylactic treatment with diclazuril (Vecoxan) on the oocyst excretion and growth performance of calves exposed to a natural Eimeria infection. |
| PubMed: | Resistance to anticoccidial drugs of Dutch avian Eimeria spp. field isolates originating from 1996, 1999 and 2001. |
| PubMed: | Use of antigen mimics to produce specific antibodies to anti-coccidial drugs. |
| PubMed: | Efficacy of some anticoccidial drugs for treating coccidial enteritis of the common carp caused by Goussia carpelli (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae). |
| PubMed: | Efficacy of various anticoccidials against experimental porcine neonatal isosporosis. |
| PubMed: | Higher incidence of Eimeria spp. field isolates sensitive for diclazuril and monensin associated with the use of live coccidiosis vaccination with paracox-5 in broiler farms. |
| PubMed: | Increased level of Eimeria sensitivity to diclazuril after using a live coccidial vaccine. |
| PubMed: | The efficacy and economic benefits of Supercox, a live anticoccidial vaccine in a commercial trial in broiler chickens in China. |
| PubMed: | New therapeutic approaches for equine protozoal myeloencephalitis: pharmacokinetics of diclazuril sodium salts in horses. |
| PubMed: | Incidence of residues of nine anticoccidials in eggs. |
| PubMed: | Deposition and depletion of five anticoccidials in eggs. |
| PubMed: | [Comparison of the proteome of the sporutated oocysts of Eimeria tenella diclazuril sensitive strain with diclazuril resistant strain]. |
| PubMed: | Anticoccidial efficacy of drinking water soluble diclazuril on experimental and field coccidiosis in broiler chickens. |
| PubMed: | Liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometric determination of five coccidiostats in poultry eggs and feed. |
| PubMed: | Epidemiology of Eimeria infections in an Austrian milking sheep flock and control with diclazuril. |
| PubMed: | Detection of residues of the coccidiostat diclazuril in poultry tissues by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry after withdrawal of medicated feed. |
| PubMed: | Efficient and sensitive detection of residues of nine coccidiostats in egg and muscle by liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed: | Control of coccidiosis in turkeys with diclazuril and monensin: effects upon performance and development of immunity to Eimeria species. |
| PubMed: | Effects of a herbal complex against Eimeria tenella infection in chickens. |
| PubMed: | Histopathological observations on the activity of diclazuril (Vecoxan) against the endogenous stages of Eimeria crandallis in sheep. |
| PubMed: | Studies on the efficacy of toltrazuril, diclazuril and sulphadimidine against artificial infections with Isospora suis in piglets. |
| PubMed: | [Simple determination of residual anticoccidial drugs (diclazuril and nicarbazin) in chicken tissues by HPLC]. |
| PubMed: | Quantitative analysis of diclazuril in animal plasma by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed: | The use of diclazuril in extended withdrawal anticoccidial programs: 2. Immunity to Eimeria tenella challenge after drug withdrawal. |
| PubMed: | The use of diclazuril in extended withdrawal anticoccidial programs: 1. Efficacy against Eimeria spp. in broiler chickens in floor pens. |
| PubMed: | Activity of toltrazuril and diclazuril against Isospora species in kittens and puppies. |
| PubMed: | Efficacy of diclazuril in comparison with chemical and ionophorous anticoccidials against Eimeria spp. in broiler chickens in floor pens. |
| PubMed: | In vitro quantitative analysis of (3)H-uracil incorporation by Sarcocytis neurona to determine efficacy of anti-protozoal agents. |
| PubMed: | Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis. |
| PubMed: | Diclazuril preventive therapy of gamma interferon knockout mice fed Sarcocystis neurona sporocysts. |
| PubMed: | Scouring in lambs following treatment with Vecoxan. |
| PubMed: | Fatal toxoplasmosis in free-ranging endangered 'Alala from Hawaii. |
| PubMed: | Determination of the activity of diclazuril against Sarcocystis neurona and Sarcocystis falcatula in cell cultures. |
| PubMed: | Diclazuril in the horse: its identification and detection and preliminary pharmacokinetics. |
| PubMed: | Attempted chemoprophylaxis of cryptosporidiosis in chickens, using diclazuril, toltrazuril, or garlic extract. |
| PubMed: | Evaluation of certain veterinary drug residues in food. Fiftieth report of the joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. |
| PubMed: | Scouring in lambs following treatment with Vecoxan. |
| PubMed: | Economic benefits of prophylaxis with diclazuril against subclinical coccidiosis in lambs reared indoors. |
| PubMed: | Residual activity of anticoccidial drugs in chickens after withdrawal of medicated feeds. |
| PubMed: | Studies of resistance to anticoccidials in Eimeria field isolates and pure Eimeria strains. |
| PubMed: | Treatment regimens for patients with toxoplasmic encephalitis. |
| PubMed: | Investigation for the characteristic anticoccidial activity of diclazuril in battery trials. |
| PubMed: | Residues of some veterinary drugs in animals and foods. Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. |
| PubMed: | Intraspecific polymorphisms of Eimeria species due to resistance against anticoccidial drugs. |
| PubMed: | Chemotherapy of human and animal coccidioses: state and perspectives. |
| PubMed: | Ultrastructural effects of diclazuril against Toxoplasma gondii and investigation of a diclazuril-resistant mutant. |
| PubMed: | Treatment of acute Toxoplasma gondii infections in mice with diclazuril or a combination of diclazuril and pyrimethamine. |
| PubMed: | Use of diclazuril for the treatment of isosporiasis in patients with AIDS. |
| PubMed: | [The effect of coccidiostats on the growth capacity and the survival ability of Salmonella live vaccine agents]. |
| PubMed: | Discontinuation of total parenteral nutrition in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a Canadian perspective. |
| PubMed: | Sensitivity of avian Eimeria spp. to seven chemical and five ionophore anticoccidials in five Belgian integrated broiler operations. |
| PubMed: | Resistance to diclazuril in field isolates of Eimeria species obtained from commercial broiler flocks in Brazil. |
| PubMed: | Activity of diclazuril against Toxoplasma gondii in cultured cells and mice. |
| PubMed: | Assessment of candidate anticryptosporidial agents in an immunosuppressed rat model. |
| PubMed: | Determination of diclazuril in animal feed by liquid chromatography. |
| PubMed: | Anticoccidial efficacy of diclazuril in partridges. |
| PubMed: | Anticoccidial efficacy of diclazuril against recent field isolates of Eimeria from turkey farms in the United States. |
| PubMed: | Efficacy of diclazuril against Eimeria dispersa in turkeys. |
| PubMed: | Effect of diclazuril (Clinacox) on the development of protective immunity against Eimeria tenella: laboratory trial in broiler chickens. |
| PubMed: | Diclazuril for cryptosporidiosis in AIDS. |
| PubMed: | Evaluation of anticoccidial drugs in chicken embryos. |
| PubMed: | Anticoccidial efficacy of diclazuril against recent field isolates of Eimeria from commercial poultry farms. |
| PubMed: | Anticoccidial efficacy of diclazuril in broilers under simulated natural conditions in floor pens. |
| PubMed: | Diclazuril in the treatment of severe cryptosporidial diarrhoea in AIDS patients. |
| PubMed: | Anticoccidial efficacy of diclazuril in pheasants. |
| PubMed: | Diclazuril, a new broad-spectrum anticoccidial for chickens. 3. Floor-pen trials. |
| PubMed: | Efficacy of diclazuril in the control of intestinal coccidiosis in rabbits. |
| PubMed: | Eimeria tenella, E. acervulina and E. maxima: studies on the development of resistance to diclazuril and other anticoccidial drugs in the chicken. |
| PubMed: | Efficacy of diclazuril in the prevention and cure of intestinal and hepatic coccidiosis in rabbits. |
| PubMed: | Efficacy of diclazuril against turkey coccidiosis in a floor-pen experiment. |
| PubMed: | Efficacy of diclazuril against turkey coccidiosis in dose-titration studies. |
| PubMed: | Diclazuril for Isospora belli infection in AIDS. |
| PubMed: | Efficacy of diclazuril against robenidine resistant Eimeria magna in rabbits. |
| PubMed: | Effects of treatment of lambs with a probiotic, containing lactic acid bacteria. |
| PubMed: | Diclazuril, a new broad spectrum anticoccidial drug in chickens. 2. Battery trials. |
| PubMed: | Diclazuril, a new broad spectrum anticoccidial drug in chickens. 1. Dose titration studies and pilot floor pen trials. |
| PubMed: | Ultrastructural evaluation of the effects of diclazuril on the endogenous stages of Eimeria maxima and E. brunetti in experimentally inoculated chickens. |
| PubMed: | In vivo action of the anticoccidial diclazuril (Clinacox) on the developmental stages of Eimeria tenella: an ultrastructural evaluation. |
| PubMed: | In vivo action of the anticoccidial diclazuril (Clinacox) on the developmental stages of Eimeria tenella: a histological study. |
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