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Category: specific usage additives
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
| Appearance: | white powder (est) |
| Assay: | 95.00 to 100.00 %
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| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
| Boiling Point: | 416.80 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
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| Vapor Pressure: | 0.000000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est) |
| Flash Point: | 403.00 °F. TCC ( 205.90 °C. ) (est)
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| logP (o/w): | -0.131 (est) |
| Soluble in: |
| | water, 1e+006 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) |
Organoleptic Properties:
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| Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
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Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
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| Hazards identification |
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| Classification of the substance or mixture |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
| None found. |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
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| Pictogram | |
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| Hazard statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Precautionary statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
intraperitoneal-mouse LD50 540 mg/kg United States Patent Document. Vol. #3755326
intravenous-mouse LD50 49 mg/kg British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy. Vol. 17, Pg. 196, 1961.
oral-mouse LD50 356 mg/kg British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy. Vol. 17, Pg. 196, 1961.
intraperitoneal-rat LDLo 300 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: TREMOR Indian Journal of Experimental Biology. Vol. 27, Pg. 1048, 1989.
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| Dermal Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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| Inhalation Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | specific usage additives |
| Recommendation for caffeine citrate usage levels up to: | | | not for fragrance use.
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| Recommendation for caffeine citrate flavor usage levels up to: |
| | not for flavor use.
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Safety References:
References:
| | 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylicacid;1,3,7-trimethylpurine-2,6-dione |
| NIST Chemistry WebBook: | Search Inchi |
| Pubchem (cid): | 6241 |
| Pubchem (sid): | 134971527 |
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| | cafcit | | | caffeine citrate (1:1) | | | caffeine citrated | | | caffeine, citrate (1:1) | | | caffeine, citrated | | | citric acid, compd. with caffeine (1:1) | | 2- | hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylicacid;1,3,7-trimethylpurine-2,6-dione | | 1H- | purine-2,6-dione, 3,7-dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-, 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylate (1:1) (salt) | | 1,3,7- | trimethyl-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate (1:1) |
Articles:
| PubMed: | Amplitude-integrated electroencephalography shows that doxapram influences the brain activity of preterm infants. |
| PubMed: | Use of methylxanthine therapies for the treatment and prevention of apnea of prematurity. |
| PubMed: | Effects of caffeine on neuronal apoptosis in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. |
| PubMed: | Medication use in the neonatal intensive care unit. |
| PubMed: | Safety profile comparison between extemporaneous and a licensed preparation of caffeine citrate in preterm infants with apnea of prematurity. |
| PubMed: | The use of caffeine for the treatment of apnea of prematurity and bradycardia in a holoprosencephalic child with cleft lip and palate. |
| PubMed: | New protocol for αAstree electronic tongue enabling full performance qualification according to ICH Q2. |
| PubMed: | Apnea of prematurity: caffeine dose optimization. |
| PubMed: | Association between caffeine citrate exposure and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants. |
| PubMed: | Physical compatibility of various drugs with neonatal total parenteral nutrient solution during simulated Y-site administration. |
| PubMed: | Caffeine citrate: when and for how long. A literature review. |
| PubMed: | Effects of ADORA2A gene variation and caffeine on prepulse inhibition: a multi-level risk model of anxiety. |
| PubMed: | [Establishment of the intestinal microflora and regulation of bacterial translocation after caffeine citrate treatment during postnatal period in rat]. |
| PubMed: | Genetic basis of apnoea of prematurity and caffeine treatment response: role of adenosine receptor polymorphisms: genetic basis of apnoea of prematurity. |
| PubMed: | Modification of caffeine effects on the affect-modulated startle by neuropeptide S receptor gene variation. |
| PubMed: | Caffeine citrate therapy for apnea of prematurity. |
| PubMed: | ADORA2A Gene variation, caffeine, and emotional processing: a multi-level interaction on startle reflex. |
| PubMed: | What are the main research findings during the last 5 years that have changed my approach to clinical practice? |
| PubMed: | Alteration of carotid body chemoreflexes after neonatal intermittent hypoxia and caffeine treatment in rat pups. |
| PubMed: | Caffeine citrate for very preterm infants: Effects on development, temperament and behaviour. |
| PubMed: | Economic evaluation of caffeine for apnea of prematurity. |
| PubMed: | Comparative investigations on different polymers for the preparation of fast-dissolving oral films. |
| PubMed: | Caffeine reduces apnea frequency and enhances ventilatory long-term facilitation in rat pups raised in chronic intermittent hypoxia. |
| PubMed: | [Apnea of prematurity: what's new?]. |
| PubMed: | Nasal CPAP and surfactant for treatment of respiratory distress syndrome and prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. |
| PubMed: | Caffeine citrate treatment for extremely premature infants with apnea: population pharmacokinetics, absolute bioavailability, and implications for therapeutic drug monitoring. |
| PubMed: | Acute hemodynamic effects of caffeine administration in premature infants. |
| PubMed: | Caffeine in children with obstructive sleep apnea. |
| PubMed: | Long-term effects of caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity. |
| PubMed: | A caffeine challenge test in panic disorder patients, their healthy first-degree relatives, and healthy controls. |
| PubMed: | Practices of pharmacies that compound extemporaneous formulations. |
| PubMed: | Screening for pharmaceutical cocrystal hydrates via neat and liquid-assisted grinding. |
| PubMed: | Therapeutic drug monitoring for caffeine in preterm neonates: an unnecessary exercise? |
| PubMed: | Calibration in non-linear NIR spectroscopy using principal component artificial neural networks. |
| PubMed: | Delayed extubation to nasal continuous positive airway pressure in the immature baboon model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia: lung clinical and pathological findings. |
| PubMed: | Therapeutic profile of orphan medicines. |
| PubMed: | [Apnea of prematurity: risk factors and ambulatory treatment with caffeine citrate]. |
| PubMed: | [Caffeine citrate utilization for treatment of apnea in French neonatal units]. |
| PubMed: | Correlation between plasma and urinary caffeine levels in preterm infants. |
| PubMed: | Summary proceedings from the apnea-of-prematurity group. |
| PubMed: | Reported medication use in the neonatal intensive care unit: data from a large national data set. |
| PubMed: | Lung function in immature baboons with respiratory distress syndrome receiving early caffeine therapy: a pilot study. |
| PubMed: | High dose caffeine citrate for extubation of preterm infants: a randomised controlled trial. |
| PubMed: | Oral and intravenous caffeine for treatment of children with post-sedation paradoxical hyperactivity. |
| PubMed: | Treatment of immature baboons for 28 days with early nasal continuous positive airway pressure. |
| PubMed: | Caffeine dosage in preemies questioned. |
| PubMed: | Periextubation caffeine in preterm neonates: a randomized dose response trial. |
| PubMed: | [Pharmacologic study of monohydrated caffeine in the treatment of apnoea of premature infant]. |
| PubMed: | Gateways to Clinical Trials. |
| PubMed: | Caffeine in apnoeic Asian neonates: a sparse data analysis. |
| PubMed: | Sleep organization is unaffected by caffeine in premature infants. |
| PubMed: | Theophylline or caffeine: which is best for apnea of prematurity? |
| PubMed: | Nicotine induced behavioral locomotor sensitization. |
| PubMed: | Caffeine citrate: a review of its use in apnoea of prematurity. |
| PubMed: | Current options in the management of apnea of prematurity. |
| PubMed: | Caffeine citrate for the treatment of apnea of prematurity: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. |
| PubMed: | Prediction of postdischarge complications by predischarge event recordings in infants with apnea of prematurity. |
| PubMed: | Human brain metabolic response to caffeine and the effects of tolerance. |
| PubMed: | Low-dose doxapram for treatment of apnoea following early weaning in very low birthweight infants: a randomized, double-blind study. |
| PubMed: | Caffeine in saliva after peroral intake: early sample collection as a possible source of error. |
| PubMed: | Population pharmacokinetics of intravenous caffeine in neonates with apnea of prematurity. |
| PubMed: | Stability of caffeine citrate injection in polypropylene syringes at room temperature. |
| PubMed: | Population pharmacokinetics of caffeine in premature neonates. |
| PubMed: | Saliva as a valid alternative to serum in monitoring intravenous caffeine treatment for apnea of prematurity. |
| PubMed: | Population pharmacokinetics of caffeine in neonates and young infants. |
| PubMed: | Pre-test and post-test error probability. |
| PubMed: | Aminophylline versus caffeine citrate... |
| PubMed: | Aminophylline versus caffeine citrate for apnea and bradycardia prophylaxis in premature neonates. |
| PubMed: | Cerebral blood flow and left ventricular output in spontaneously breathing, newborn preterm infants treated with caffeine or aminophylline. |
| PubMed: | Stability of caffeine oral formulations for neonatal use. |
| PubMed: | Acute maternal and fetal cardiovascular effects of caffeine ingestion. |
| PubMed: | Role of adenosine in the hypoxic ventilatory response of the newborn piglet. |
| PubMed: | Effects of caffeine on perceptual judgment. |
| PubMed: | Effects of caffeine on recognition. |
| PubMed: | Apnea of prematurity: theophylline v. caffeine. |
| PubMed: | Effectiveness and side effects of two different doses of caffeine in preventing apnea in premature infants. |
| PubMed: | Perinatal pharmacology and cerebral blood flow. |
| PubMed: | Pharmacotherapy of neonatal apnea. |
| PubMed: | The caffeine contracture test for malignant hyperthermia: caffeine citrate, caffeine benzoate or caffeine free base? |
| PubMed: | Caffeine clearance by enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique: a simple, inexpensive, and useful indicator of liver function. |
| PubMed: | Percutaneous caffeine application in the treatment of neonatal apnoea. |
| PubMed: | Dissociation of the ventilatory and lactate thresholds following caffeine ingestion. |
| PubMed: | Pharmacokinetic aspects of caffeine in premature infants. |
| PubMed: | Differential effects of caffeine on free recall after semantic and rhyming tasks in high and low impulsives. |
| PubMed: | Caffeine: does it affect your bladder? |
| PubMed: | Cardiovascular effects of caffeine therapy in preterm infants. |
| PubMed: | [Effect of methylxanthines on periodic respiration and acid gastroesophageal reflux in newborn infants]. |
| PubMed: | Effect of caffeine on the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of aspirin. |
| PubMed: | Caffeine citrate. Pointers in practical pharmacology. |
| PubMed: | Pharmacology of Acorus calamus L. |
| PubMed: | Caffeine citrate in the NICU. |
| PubMed: | Stability of caffeine citrate injection in intravenous admixtures and parenteral nutrition solutions. |
| PubMed: | Maturation of AFMU excretion in infants. |
| PubMed: | Caffeine and cerebral blood flow velocity in preterm infants. |
| PubMed: | Effect of caffeine on cerebral blood flow velocity in preterm infants. |
| PubMed: | Caffeine as a potential risk factor for theophylline neurotoxicity. |
| PubMed: | Maturation of caffeine metabolic pathways in infancy. |
| PubMed: | Does caffeine prevent hypoxaemic episodes in premature infants? A randomized controlled trial. |
| PubMed: | Treatment of caffeine intoxication by exchange transfusion in a newborn. |
| PubMed: | Delay in caffeine elimination in breast-fed infants. |
| PubMed: | Effect of caffeine on pneumogram and apnoea of infancy. |
| PubMed: | Influence of caffeine on aspirin pharmacokinetics. |
| PubMed: | Maturational changes of caffeine concentrations and disposition in infancy during maintenance therapy for apnea of prematurity: influence of gestational age, hepatic disease, and breast-feeding. |
| PubMed: | Caffeine citrate: an alternative to theophylline for apnea in prematurity. |
| PubMed: | [Effectiveness of low- and high-dose caffeine on idiopathic bradycardia and hypoxemia in premature infants]. |
| PubMed: | Pharmacokinetic and hemodynamic effects of caffeine in the pregnant sheep. |
| PubMed: | Interaction between effects of caffeine and lorazepam in performance tests and self-ratings. |
| PubMed: | Discrimination of sucrose-taste by the rat as a potential bioassay for sweeteners. |
| PubMed: | Interaction of chlorpromazine with tea and coffee. |
| PubMed: | Antimycotic activity of some alkaloidal salts. |
| PubMed: | Effects of caffeine on resting EEG and response to sine wave modulated light. |
| PubMed: | A double-blind comparison of ibuprofen, ASA-codeine-caffeine compound and placebo in the treatment of dental surgery pain. |
| PubMed: | The metabolic effects of caffeine in the newborn infant. |
| PubMed: | Anxiety and muscle tension as consequences of caffeine withdrawal. |
| PubMed: | Role of caffeine citrate on plasma transaminase & glucose levels of albino rats under high altitude stress conditions. |
| PubMed: | A test of anxiety that distinguishes between the actions of benzodiazepines and those of other minor tranquilisers and of stimulants. |
| PubMed: | Plasma electrolytes in relation to altitude tolerance in rats. |
| PubMed: | Efficacy of caffeine in treatment of apnea in the low-birth-weight infant. |
| PubMed: | Alteration of ovine fetal respiratory-like activity by diazepam, caffeine, and doxapram. |
| PubMed: | [The effect of caffeine on the serum insulin level during intravenous glucose tolerance test in patients with chemical diabetes]. |
| PubMed: | Individual responses to methylphenidate and caffeine in children with minimal brain dysfunction. |
| PubMed: | The effects of caffeine citrate and white noise on ear asymmetry in the detection of two clicks. |
| PubMed: | Comparison of amphetamine sulphate and caffeine citrate in man. |
| PubMed: | EFFECT OF NATURALLY OCCURRING XANTHINES ON BACTERIA. I. ANTIMICROBIAL ACTION AND POTENTIATING EFFECT ON ANTIBIOTIC SPECTRA. |
| PubMed: | Amphetamine and caffeine citrate in anoxaemia. |
| PubMed: | Amphetamine and Caffeine Citrate in Anoxaemia. |
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