vitamin K2
menaquinone 7
 
Notes:
Widely distributed in green leaves and vegetables. Fat sol. dietary factor effective in controlling blood coagulation All members of the vitamin K group of vitamins share a methylated naphthoquinone ring structure, and vary in the aliphatic side chain attached at the 3-position. Phylloquinone (also known as vitamin K1) invariably contains in its side chain four isoprenoid residues, one of which is unsaturated.; Human milk contains between 1 and 4 micrograms/litre of vitamin K1, while formula derived milk can contain up to 100 micrograms/litre in supplemented formulas. Vitamin K2 concentrations in human milk appear to be much lower than those of vitamin K1. It is estimated that there is a 0.25 to 1.7 percent occurrence of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in the first week of the infant's life with a prevalence of 2-10 cases per 100,000 births.; The biochemistry of how Vitamin K is used to convert Glu to Gla has been elucidated over the past thirty years in academic laboratories throughout the world. Within the cell, Vitamin K undergoes electron reduction to a reduced form of Vitamin K (called Vitamin K hydroquinone) by the enzyme Vitamin K epoxide reductase (or VKOR). Another enzyme then oxidizes Vitamin K hydroquinone to allow carboxylation of Glu to Gla; this enzyme is called the gamma-glutamyl carboxylase or the Vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. The carboxylation reaction will only proceed if the carboxylase enzyme is able to oxidize Vitamin K hydroquinone to vitamin K epoxide at the same time; the carboxylation and epoxidation reactions are said to be coupled reactions. Vitamin K epoxide is then re-converted to Vitamin K by the Vitamin K epoxide reductase. These two enzymes comprise the so-called Vitamin K cycle. One of the reasons why Vitamin K is rarely deficient in a human diet is because Vitamin K is continually recycled in our cells.; Vitamin K1 is also known as phylloquinone or phytomenadione (also called phytonadione). Vitamin K2 (menaquinone, menatetrenone) is normally produced by bacteria in the Large Intestine, and dietary deficiency is extremely rare unless the intestines are heavily damaged, are unable to absorb the molecule, or due to decreased production by normal flora, as seen in broad spectrum antibiotic use.
  • American International Chemical, LLC.
    • American International Chemical, Inc.
      Consistent sources
      North American supplier for globally sourced ingredients.
      AIC is a Westborough, MA based ISO Certified sales and marketing company serving the food, pharmaceutical, nutritional, personal care, biotech, and industrial markets of North America since 1972. Our success is a result of a company culture built on customer needs, along with partnerships with global manufacturers committed to the rigors and demands of the North American market. Our team of Sales Representatives, along with our network of strategically located warehouses are ready to supply product when and where you need it.
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      Product(s):
      VK2AUL VITAMIN K2, MK-4
       
  • BOC Sciences
    • BOC Sciences
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      Product(s):
      2124-57-4 Menaquinone 7 95%
      Vitamin (prothrombogenic).
       
       
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CAS Number: 2124-57-4Picture of molecule3D/inchi
FDA UNII: 8427BML8NY
Nikkaji Web: J16.269H
XlogP3: 14.50 (est)
Molecular Weight: 649.01448000
Formula: C46 H64 O2
NMR Predictor: Predict (works with chrome or firefox)
Category: special dietary and nutritional additives
 
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Google Scholar: Search
Google Books: Search
Google Scholar: with word "volatile"Search
Google Scholar: with word "flavor"Search
Google Scholar: with word "odor"Search
Google Patents: Search
US Patents: Search
EU Patents: Search
Pubchem Patents: Search
PubMed: Search
NCBI: Search
 FDA/DG SANTE Petitions, Reviews, Notices:
GRN 245 Menaquinone-7 View - notice PDF
GRN 887 Menaquinone-7 View - notice PDF
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Physical Properties:
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00 % 
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Melting Point: 54.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Boiling Point: 720.11 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Flash Point: 491.00 °F. TCC ( 254.90 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): 14.451 (est)
Soluble in:
 water, 1.66e-014 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
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Organoleptic Properties:
 
Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found).
 
 
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Cosmetic Information:
None found
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Suppliers:
American International Chemical, LLC.
VITAMIN K2, MK-4
Axsyn
For experimental / research use only.
Vitamin K2(35)
BOC Sciences
For experimental / research use only.
Menaquinone 7 95%
Odor: characteristic
Use: Vitamin (prothrombogenic).
Carbosynth
For experimental / research use only.
Menaquinone 7
P.L. Thomas
Natural Vitamin K2
Santa Cruz Biotechnology
For experimental / research use only.
Menaquinone 7
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Safety Information:
Preferred SDS: View
 
Hazards identification
 
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
 
Pictogram
 
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
Not determined
Dermal Toxicity:
Not determined
Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined
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Safety in Use Information:
Category: special dietary and nutritional additives
Recommendation for vitamin K2 usage levels up to:
 not for fragrance use.
 
Recommendation for vitamin K2 flavor usage levels up to:
 not for flavor use.
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Safety References:
EPI System: View
ClinicalTrials.gov: search
Cancer Citations: Search
Toxicology Citations: Search
EPA ACToR: Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS): Registry
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary : 5287554
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: Data
 2-[(2E,6E,10E,14E,18E,22E)-3,7,11,15,19,23,27-heptamethyloctacosa-2,6,10,14,18,22,26-heptaenyl]-3-methylnaphthalene-1,4-dione
Chemidplus: 0002124574
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References:
 2-[(2E,6E,10E,14E,18E,22E)-3,7,11,15,19,23,27-heptamethyloctacosa-2,6,10,14,18,22,26-heptaenyl]-3-methylnaphthalene-1,4-dione
NIST Chemistry WebBook: Search Inchi
Pubchem (cid): 5287554
Pubchem (sid): 135031210
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Other Information:
(IUPAC): Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos: The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc: Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC): Periodic Table of the Elements
CHEBI: View
KEGG (GenomeNet): C00828
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database): HMDB30017
FooDB: FDB001310
FDA Listing of Food Additive Status: View
VCF-Online: VCF Volatile Compounds in Food
ChemSpider: View
Wikipedia: View
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Potential Blenders and core components note
 
None Found
 
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Potential Uses:
None Found
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Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
 found in nature
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Synonyms:
 7MQ
(all-E)-2-(3,7,11,15,19,23,27-heptamethyl-2,6,10,14,18,22,26-octacosaheptaenyl)-3-methyl-1,4-naphthalenedione
2-[(2E,6E,10E,14E,18E,22E)-3,7,11,15,19,23,27-heptamethyloctacosa-2,6,10,14,18,22,26-heptaenyl]-3-methylnaphthalene-1,4-dione
 menaquinone 7
 menaquinone K7
 menaquinone-7
 MK 7
 MK-7
 MQ7
1,4-naphthalenedione, 2-[(2E,6E,10E,14E,18E,22E)-3,7,11,15,19,23,27-heptamethyl-2,6,10,14,18,22,26-octacosaheptaen-1-yl]-3-methyl-
 vitamin K2(35)
 vitamin MK 7
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Articles:
PubMed: The inhibitory effect of vitamin K on RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption.
PubMed: The antiosteoporotic effects of Cheonggukjang containing vitamin k2 (menaquinone-7) in ovariectomized rats.
PubMed: Bone mineral density and bone turnover among young women in Chiang Mai, Thailand.
PubMed: Identification of a probiotic bacteria-derived activator of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor that inhibits colitis.
PubMed: Vitamin K2 in different bovine muscles and breeds.
PubMed: Vitamin K status in healthy volunteers.
PubMed: Vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) and K2 (menaquinone-4) supplementation improves bone formation in a high-fat diet-induced obese mice.
PubMed: Biosynthesis of vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) by plant peroxisomes and its integration into signaling molecule synthesis pathways.
PubMed: Low-dose vitamin K2 (MK-4) supplementation for 12 months improves bone metabolism and prevents forearm bone loss in postmenopausal Japanese women.
PubMed: Three-year low-dose menaquinone-7 supplementation helps decrease bone loss in healthy postmenopausal women.
PubMed: Quantitative measurement of vitamin K2 (menaquinones) in various fermented dairy products using a reliable high-performance liquid chromatography method.
PubMed: Vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) or vitamin K2 (menaquinone-4) induces intestinal alkaline phosphatase gene expression.
PubMed: Effect of respiration and manganese on oxidative stress resistance of Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1.
PubMed: Hypovitaminosis D and K are highly prevalent and independent of overall malnutrition in the institutionalized elderly.
PubMed: Enhancement of aglycone, vitamin K2 and superoxide dismutase activity of black soybean through fermentation with Bacillus subtilis BCRC 14715 at different temperatures.
PubMed: Dietary intake of vitamin K and risk of prostate cancer in the Heidelberg cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-Heidelberg).
PubMed: Anticoagulant effect of sodium dehydroacetate (DHA-S) in rats.
PubMed: Enhancement effects of vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) or vitamin K2 (menaquinone-4) on intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity in rats.
PubMed: Quantitative measurement of tetrahydromenaquinone-9 in cheese fermented by propionibacteria.
PubMed: [Prevention of osteoporosis by foods and dietary supplements. "Kinnotsubu honegenki": a fermented soybean (natto) with reinforced vitamin K2 (menaquinone-7)].
PubMed: Vitamin K intake and calcifications in breast arteries.
PubMed: [Determination of vitamin K in aojiru (green juice) products by HPLC].
PubMed: Comparative effects of vitamin K and vitamin D supplementation on calcium balance in young rats fed normal or low calcium diets.
PubMed: The effect of vitamin K2 on bone metabolism in aged female rats.
PubMed: [Biological effects of vitamin K and concentration of vitamin K in Norwegian food].
PubMed: Usual dietary intake of fermented soybeans (Natto) is associated with bone mineral density in premenopausal women.
PubMed: Effects of vitamin K on calcium and bone metabolism.
PubMed: Construction of a Bacillus subtilis (natto) with high productivity of vitamin K2 (menaquinone-7) by analog resistance.
PubMed: Efficient production of menaquinone (vitamin K2) by a menadione-resistant mutant of Bacillus subtilis.
PubMed: Japanese fermented soybean food as the major determinant of the large geographic difference in circulating levels of vitamin K2: possible implications for hip-fracture risk.
PubMed: Absorption of vitamin K2 by dogs after oral administration of a soft gelatin capsule formulation containing a new emulsion-type vehicle.
PubMed: The production of menaquinones (vitamin K2) by intestinal bacteria and their role in maintaining coagulation homeostasis.
PubMed: Production of vitamins, coenzymes and related biochemicals by biotechnological processes.
PubMed: A vitamin-K2-binding factor secreted from Bacillus subtilis.
PubMed: Relationship of milk intake and vitamin K supplementation to vitamin K status in newborns.
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