phaffia yeast
 
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FDA internal no.: 977165-85-7 
Category: coloring agents
 
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FDA Mainterm (SATF):977165-85-7 ; PHAFFIA YEAST
FDA Regulation:
FDA PART 73 -- LISTING OF COLOR ADDITIVES EXEMPT FROM CERTIFICATION
Subpart A--Foods
Sec. 73.355 Phaffia yeast.
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Physical Properties:
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
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Organoleptic Properties:
 
Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found).
 
 
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Cosmetic Information:
None found
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Suppliers:
 None found
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Safety Information:
 
Hazards identification
 
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
 
Pictogram
 
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
Not determined
Dermal Toxicity:
Not determined
Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined
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Safety in Use Information:
Category: coloring agents
Recommendation for phaffia yeast usage levels up to:
 not for fragrance use.
 
Recommendation for phaffia yeast flavor usage levels up to:
 not for flavor use.
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Safety References:
EPA ACToR: Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS): Registry
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: Data
Chemidplus: 0977165857
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References:
Pubchem (cas): 977165-85-7
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Other Information:
FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS): View
FDA Listing of Food Additive Status: View
FDA Color Additive Status ListView
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Potential Blenders and core components note
 
None Found
 
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Potential Uses:
None Found
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Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
 Phaffia rhodozyma
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Synonyms:
 phaffia yeast
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Articles:
PubMed: Influence of High Pressure Homogenization, Ultra-Sonication and Supercritical Fluid on Free Astaxanthin Extraction From β-Glucanase Treated Phaffia rhodozyma Cells.
PubMed: Integrating an algal β-carotene hydroxylase gene into a designed carotenoid-biosynthesis pathway increases carotenoid production in yeast.
PubMed: Production and extraction of astaxanthin from Phaffia rhodozyma and its biological effect on alcohol-induced renal hypoxia in Carassius auratus.
PubMed: Development of a multi-gene expression system in Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous.
PubMed: Effect of astaxanthin produced by Phaffia rhodozyma on growth performance, meat quality, and fecal noxious gas emission in broilers.
PubMed: Accumulation of xanthophylls from the phaffia yeast (Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhrous) in calves.
PubMed: Genotoxicity and subacute toxicity studies of a new astaxanthin-containing Phaffia rhodozyma extract.
PubMed: Effect of dietary astaxanthin rich yeast, Phaffia rhodozyma, on meat quality of broiler chickens.
PubMed: Analysis of proteomic changes in colored mutants of Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous (Phaffia rhodozyma).
PubMed: Multiple transformation with the crtYB gene of the limiting enzyme increased carotenoid synthesis and generated novel derivatives in Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous.
PubMed: The effect of gamma irradiation on astaxanthin synthetase encoding gene in two mutant strains of Phaffia rhodozyma.
PubMed: The kinetic reduction of Cr(VI) by yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Phaffia rhodozyma and their protoplasts.
PubMed: Astaxanthin: sources, extraction, stability, biological activities and its commercial applications--a review.
PubMed: Global distribution, diversity hot spots and niche transitions of an astaxanthin-producing eukaryotic microbe.
PubMed: Effect of Phaffia rhodozyma on performance, nutrient digestibility, blood characteristics, and meat quality in finishing pigs.
PubMed: Temperature influences β-carotene production in recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing carotenogenic genes from Phaffia rhodozyma.
PubMed: Enzymatic fractionation of SAA-pretreated barley straw for production of fuel ethanol and astaxanthin as a value-added co-product.
PubMed: Favored isolation and rapid identification of the astaxanthin-producing yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous(Phaffia rhodozyma) from environmental samples.
PubMed: Multiple improvement of astaxanthin biosynthesis in Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous by a combination of conventional mutagenesis and metabolic pathway engineering.
PubMed: Thirteen-week oral toxicity study of carotenoid pigment from Rhodotorula glutinis DFR-PDY in rats.
PubMed: Genetic manipulation of Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous and Phaffia rhodozyma.
PubMed: Isolation of carotenoid hyperproducing mutants of Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous (Phaffia rhodozyma) by flow cytometry and cell sorting.
PubMed: Production, extraction, and quantification of astaxanthin by Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous or Haematococcus pluvialis: standardized techniques.
PubMed: Impact of gamma rays on the Phaffia rhodozyma genome revealed by RAPD-PCR.
PubMed: Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous (Phaffia rhodozyma) on stromata of Cyttaria hariotii in northwestern Patagonian Nothofagus forests.
PubMed: Effect of dietary supplementation of astaxanthin from Phaffia rhodozyma on lipopolysaccharide-induced early inflammatory responses in male broiler chickens (Gallus gallus) fed a corn-enriched diet.
PubMed: [Characterization and evaluation of an astaxanthin over-producing Phaffia rhodozyma].
PubMed: Gamma irradiation as a useful tool for the isolation of astaxanthin-overproducing mutant strains of Phaffia rhodozyma.
PubMed: [Repeated batch and fed-batch process for astaxanthin production by Phaffia rhodozyma].
PubMed: Characterization of stress processes of Phaffia rhodozyma stress-resistant mutant.
PubMed: [Effect of beta-carotene and carotene producing yeast Phaffia rhodozyma on oxidative stress in rats treated with tetrachloromethane].
PubMed: Production of astaxanthin from cellulosic biomass sugars by mutants of the yeast Phaffia rhodozyma.
PubMed: The inter-generic fungicidal activity of Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous.
PubMed: Potential health-promoting effects of astaxanthin: a high-value carotenoid mostly from microalgae.
PubMed: Astaxanthin biosynthesis is enhanced by high carotenogenic gene expression and decrease of fatty acids and ergosterol in a Phaffia rhodozyma mutant strain.
PubMed: Fiber reduction and lipid enrichment in carotenoid-enriched distillers dried grain with solubles produced by secondary fermentation of Phaffia rhodozyma and Sporobolomyces roseus.
PubMed: Biotechnological production of astaxanthin with Phaffia rhodozyma/Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous.
PubMed: Production of the UVB-absorbing compound mycosporine-glutaminol-glucoside by Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous (Phaffia rhodozyma).
PubMed: Screening of a soil metatranscriptomic library by functional complementation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants.
PubMed: Production and optimization of carotenoid-enriched dried distiller's grains with solubles by Phaffia rhodozyma and Sporobolomyces roseus fermentation of whole stillage.
PubMed: Reduction of fatty acid flux results in enhancement of astaxanthin synthesis in a mutant strain of Phaffia rhodozyma.
PubMed: Separation of astaxanthin from cells of Phaffia rhodozyma using colloidal gas aphrons in a flotation column.
PubMed: ATP-citrate lyase activity and carotenoid production in batch cultures of Phaffia rhodozyma under nitrogen-limited and nonlimited conditions.
PubMed: [Kinetic model for optimal feeding strategy in astaxanthin production by Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous].
PubMed: Production of astaxanthin from corn fiber as a value-added co-product of fuel ethanol fermentation.
PubMed: [Technological process of cell disruption for extracting astaxanthin from Phaffia rhodozyma by acid method under autoclave conditions].
PubMed: An unusual Xanthophyllomyces strain from leaves of Eucalyptus globulus in Chile.
PubMed: Optimization of acidic extraction of astaxanthin from Phaffia rhodozyma.
PubMed: Characterization of a novel South American population of the astaxanthin producing yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous (Phaffia rhodozyma).
PubMed: Improvement of astaxanthin production by a newly isolated Phaffia rhodozyma mutant with low-energy ion beam implantation.
PubMed: Molecular diversity and intragenomic variability in the yeast genus Xanthophyllomyces: the origin of Phaffia rhodozyma?
PubMed: Studies on optimization of nitrogen sources for astaxanthin production by Phaffia rhodozyma.
PubMed: Increased carotenoid production in Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous G276 using plant extracts.
PubMed: Effect of dietary supplementation of astaxanthin by Phaffia rhodozyma on lipid peroxidation, drug metabolism and some immunological variables in male broiler chicks fed on diets with or without oxidised fat.
PubMed: Astaxanthin production by Phaffia rhodozyma and Haematococcus pluvialis: a comparative study.
PubMed: Purification of astaxanthin from mutant of Phaffia rhodozyma JH-82 which isolated from forests trees of Iran.
PubMed: Biogeography, host specificity, and molecular phylogeny of the basidiomycetous yeast Phaffia rhodozyma and its sexual form, Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous.
PubMed: Ochratoxin degradation and adsorption caused by astaxanthin-producing yeasts.
PubMed: Determination of astaxanthin stereoisomers and colour attributes in flesh of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) as a tool to distinguish the dietary pigmentation source.
PubMed: Metabolic flux analysis of the two astaxanthin-producing microorganisms Haematococcus pluvialis and Phaffia rhodozyma in the pure and mixed cultures.
PubMed: Use of n-hexadecane as an oxygen vector to improve Phaffia rhodozyma growth and carotenoid production in shake-flask cultures.
PubMed: Hydrogen peroxide-induced astaxanthin biosynthesis and catalase activity in Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous.
PubMed: Influence of Oxygen and Glucose on Primary Metabolism and Astaxanthin Production by Phaffia rhodozyma in Batch and Fed-Batch Cultures: Kinetic and Stoichiometric Analysis.
PubMed: Astaxanthin: a review of its chemistry and applications.
PubMed: Cloning of the astaxanthin synthase gene from Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous (Phaffia rhodozyma) and its assignment as a beta-carotene 3-hydroxylase/4-ketolase.
PubMed: Cultivation of the carotenoid-hyperproducing mutant 2A2N of the red yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous (Phaffia rhodozyma) with molasses.
PubMed: Monocyclic carotenoid biosynthetic pathway in the yeast Phaffia rhodozyma (Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous).
PubMed: Antiproliferation and induction of cell death of Phaffia rhodozyma (Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous) extract fermented by brewer malt waste on breast cancer cells.
PubMed: Application of derivative ratio spectrophotometry for determination of beta-carotene and astaxanthin from Phaffia rhodozyma extract.
PubMed: [Relationship between astaxanthin production and the intensity of anabolic processes in the yeast Phaffia rhodozyma].
PubMed: Metabolic network analysis on Phaffia rhodozyma yeast using 13C-labeled glucose and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
PubMed: Astaxanthin hyperproduction by Phaffia rhodozyma (now Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous) with raw coconut milk as sole source of energy.
PubMed: Characterization of a carotenoid-hyperproducing yeast mutant isolated by low-dose gamma irradiation.
PubMed: Study of the expression of carotenoid biosynthesis genes in wild-type and deregulated strains of Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous (Ex.: Phaffia rhodozyma).
PubMed: Enhancement of innate immunity in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) associated with dietary intake of carotenoids from natural products.
PubMed: Uptake and distribution of astaxanthin in several tissues and plasma lipoproteins in male broiler chickens fed a yeast (Phaffia rhodozyma) with a high concentration of astaxanthin.
PubMed: Separation and determination of astaxanthin from microalgal and yeast samples by molecularly imprinted microspheres.
PubMed: Stimulation of astaxanthin formation in the yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous by the fungus Epicoccum nigrum.
PubMed: Metabolic engineering of the astaxanthin-biosynthetic pathway of Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous.
PubMed: Genetic determination of ploidy level in Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous.
PubMed: Phaffia rhodozyma: colorful odyssey.
PubMed: On-line monitoring of Phaffia rhodozyma fed-batch process with in situ dispersive Raman spectroscopy.
PubMed: Herman Jan Phaff: professor, mentor, friend and colleague.
PubMed: Preparation of the red yeast, Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous, as feed additive with increased availability of astaxanthin.
PubMed: Metabolic engineering of the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway in the yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous (Phaffia rhodozyma).
PubMed: Bioconversions of maize residues to value-added coproducts using yeast-like fungi.
PubMed: Cassava starch maltodextrinization/monomerization through thermopressurized aqueous phosphoric acid hydrolysis.
PubMed: Invertase and urease activities in the carotenogenic yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous (formerly Phaffia rhodozyma).
PubMed: Cloning and nucleotide sequence of a linear DNA plasmid from Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous (Phaffia rhodozyma).
PubMed: Optimization of astaxanthin production by Phaffia rhodozyma through factorial design and response surface methodology.
PubMed: Effects of double-stranded RNA viruses on the reproduction of Phaffia rhodozyma.
PubMed: Citrate, a possible precursor of astaxanthin in Phaffia rhodozyma: influence of varying levels of ammonium, phosphate and citrate in a chemically defined medium.
PubMed: Characterization of an encapsulation device for the production of monodisperse alginate beads for cell immobilization.
PubMed: [Microbial sources of pigments].
PubMed: Isolation and functional characterisation of a novel type of carotenoid biosynthetic gene from Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous.
PubMed: Topology of microtubules and actin in the life cycle of Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous (Phaffia rhodozyma).
PubMed: Separation of strains of the yeasts Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhousand Phaffia rhodozyma based on rDNA IGS and ITS sequence analysis.
PubMed: Production of carotenoids by phaffia rhodozyma growing on media made from hemicellulosic hydrolysates of eucalyptus globulus wood
PubMed: Optimization of Phaffia rhodozyma continuous culture through response surface methodology.
PubMed: Cloning and characterization of an endo-beta-1,3(4)glucanase and an aspartic protease from Phaffia rhodozyma CBS 6938.
PubMed: Effect of astaxanthin rich red yeast (Phaffia rhodozyma) on oxidative stress in rainbow trout.
PubMed: Complementation analysis with new genetic markers in Phaffia rhodozyma.
PubMed: Studies of astaxanthin biosynthesis in Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous (Phaffia rhodozyma). Effect of inhibitors and low temperature.
PubMed: Homothallic life cycle in the diploid red yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous (Phaffia rhodozyma).
PubMed: Genetic transformation of astaxanthin mutants of Phaffia rhodozyma.
PubMed: Phaffiaol, a new antioxidant isolated from a yeast Phaffia rhodozyma.
PubMed: Cloning of the ribosomal protein L41 gene of Phaffia rhodozyma and its use a drug resistance marker for transformation.
PubMed: Molecular characterization of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene of Phaffia rhodozyma.
PubMed: Ethanol increases carotenoid production in Phaffia rhodozyma.
PubMed: Genetics and electrophoretic karyotyping of wild-type and astaxanthin mutant strains of Phaffia rhodozyma.
PubMed: Radiation-induced chromosomal rearrangement as an aid to analysis of the genetic constitution of Phaffia rhodozyma.
PubMed: Photosensitization of the yeast Phaffia rhodozyma at a low temperature for screening carotenoid hyperproducing mutants.
PubMed: Expression of an exogenous isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase gene enhances isoprenoid biosynthesis in Escherichia coli.
PubMed: Rapid liquid chromatographic method to distinguish wild salmon from aquacultured salmon fed synthetic astaxanthin.
PubMed: Astaxanthinogenesis in the yeast Phaffia rhodozyma : optimization of low-cost culture media and yeast cell-wall lysis.
PubMed: Metabolic engineering for the production of carotenoids in non-carotenogenic bacteria and yeasts.
PubMed: High copy number integration into the ribosomal DNA of the yeast Phaffia rhodozyma.
PubMed: Variability and inheritance of double-stranded RNA viruses in Phaffia rhodozyma.
PubMed: Structural and phylogenetic analysis of the actin gene from the yeast Phaffia rhodozyma.
PubMed: Effect of supplementation of University of Wisconsin solution with glycoproteins from psychrophilic strains of yeast on hypothermic liver storage of rats.
PubMed: Culture of the astaxanthinogenic yeast Phaffia rhodozyma in low-cost media.
PubMed: The yeast Phaffia rhodozyma as an industrial source of astaxanthin.
PubMed: Singlet oxygen and peroxyl radicals regulate carotenoid biosynthesis in Phaffia rhodozyma.
PubMed: Phylogenetic analysis of the ballistosporous anamorphic genera Udeniomyces and Bullera, and related basidiomycetous yeasts, based on 18S rDNA sequence.
PubMed: Electrophoretic karyotype of the astaxanthin-producing yeast Phaffia rhodozyma.
PubMed: Perfect state of Rhodomyces dendrorhous (Phaffia rhodozyma).
PubMed: Isoenzyme, restriction fragment length polymorphism, and random amplified polymorphic DNA characterization of Phaffia rhodozyma Miller et al.
PubMed: Simple method for obtaining chromosomal DNA for orthogonal field alternation gel electrophoresis analysis from Phaffia rhodozyma.
PubMed: Kinetic studies on the yeast Phaffia rhodozyma.
PubMed: Presence of double-stranded RNA and virus-like particles in Phaffia rhodozyma.
PubMed: Astaxanthin production by a Phaffia rhodozyma mutant on grape juice.
PubMed: Selection and evaluation of astaxanthin-overproducing mutants of Phaffia rhodozyma.
PubMed: Isolation of astaxanthin over-producing mutants of Phaffia rhodozyma and their fermentation kinetics.
PubMed: Isolation and characterization of carotenoid hyperproducing mutants of yeast by flow cytometry and cell sorting.
PubMed: Selection of Astaxanthin-Overproducing Mutants of Phaffia rhodozyma with beta-Ionone.
PubMed: Influence of light on growth and pigmentation of the yeast Phaffia rhodozyma.
PubMed: Isolation of Phaffia rhodozyma Mutants with Increased Astaxanthin Content.
PubMed: Simple method for the isolation of astaxanthin from the basidiomycetous yeast Phaffia rhodozyma.
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