carrageenan and salts of carrageenan
 
Notes:
Used as a food additive [EAFUS]
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FDA internal no.: 977043-69-8 
Category: multipurpose additives
 
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FDA Mainterm (SATF):977043-69-8 ; CARRAGEENAN AND SALTS OF CARRAGEENAN
FDA Regulation:
FDA PART 136 -- BAKERY PRODUCTS
Subpart B--Requirements for Specific Standardized Bakery Products
Sec. 136.110 Bread, rolls, and buns.


FDA PART 139 -- MACARONI AND NOODLE PRODUCTS
Subpart B--Requirements for Specific Standardized Macaroni and Noodle Products
Sec. 139.121 Nonfat milk macaroni products.


FDA PART 139 -- MACARONI AND NOODLE PRODUCTS
Subpart B--Requirements for Specific Standardized Macaroni and Noodle Products
Sec. 139.122 Enriched nonfat milk macaroni products.


FDA PART 150 -- FRUIT BUTTERS, JELLIES, PRESERVES, AND RELATED PRODUCTS
Subpart B--Requirements for Specific Standardized Fruit Butters, Jellies, Preserves, and Related Products
Sec. 150.141 Artificially sweetened fruit jelly.


FDA PART 150 -- FRUIT BUTTERS, JELLIES, PRESERVES, AND RELATED PRODUCTS
Subpart B--Requirements for Specific Standardized Fruit Butters, Jellies, Preserves, and Related Products
Sec. 150.161 Artificially sweetened fruit preserves and jams.


FDA PART 172 -- FOOD ADDITIVES PERMITTED FOR DIRECT ADDITION TO FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION
Subpart G--Gums, Chewing Gum Bases and Related Substances
Sec. 172.626 Salts of carrageenan.


FDA PART 176 -- INDIRECT FOOD ADDITIVES: PAPER AND PAPERBOARD COMPONENTS
Subpart B--Substances for Use Only as Components of Paper and Paperboard
Sec. 176.170 Components of paper and paperboard in contact with aqueous and fatty foods.
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Physical Properties:
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
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Organoleptic Properties:
 
Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found).
 
 
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Cosmetic Information:
None found
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Suppliers:
 None found
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Safety Information:
 
Hazards identification
 
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
 
Pictogram
 
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
Not determined
Dermal Toxicity:
Not determined
Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined
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Safety in Use Information:
Category: multipurpose additives
Recommendation for carrageenan and salts of carrageenan usage levels up to:
 not for fragrance use.
 
Recommendation for carrageenan and salts of carrageenan flavor usage levels up to:
 not for flavor use.
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Safety References:
AIDS Citations: Search
Cancer Citations: Search
Toxicology Citations: Search
EPA ACToR: Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS): Registry
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: Data
Chemidplus: 0977043698
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References:
Pubchem (sid): 135355126
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Other Information:
FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS): View
FDA Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances:View
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database): HMDB32195
FooDB: FDB009101
FDA Listing of Food Additive Status: View
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Potential Blenders and core components note
 
None Found
 
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Potential Uses:
None Found
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Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
 not found in nature
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Synonyms:
 carrageenan and salts of carrageenan
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Articles:
PubMed: Synergistic effects of mixed salt on the gelation of κ-carrageenan.
PubMed: Effects of encapsulation on the viability of potential probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum exposed to high acidity condition and presence of bile salts.
PubMed: Effect of high pressure processing on the gel properties of salt-soluble meat protein containing CaCl2 and κ-carrageenan.
PubMed: Kinetics and mechanism of permanganate oxidation of iota- and lambda-carrageenan polysaccharides as sulfated carbohydrates in acid perchlorate solutions.
PubMed: Formation of calcium-mediated junction zones at the onset of the sol-gel transition of commercial kappa-carrageenan solutions.
PubMed: Bioactive alginate coatings to control Listeria monocytogenes on cold-smoked salmon slices and fillets.
PubMed: Effect of various encapsulating materials on the stability of probiotic bacteria.
PubMed: Anti-inflammatory activity and PGE2 inhibitory properties of novel phenylcarbamoylmethyl ester-containing compounds.
PubMed: Dendrimer diffusion in kappa-carrageenan gel structures.
PubMed: Anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities of vanillyl alcohol.
PubMed: Site specific chemical delivery of NSAIDs to inflamed joints: synthesis, biological activity and gamma-imaging studies of quaternary ammonium salts of tropinol esters of some NSAIDs or their active metabolites.
PubMed: Optimization of kappa-carrageenase production by Pseudoalteromonas sp. AJ5.
PubMed: Anti-oxidant, in vitro, in vivo anti-inflammatory activity and antiproliferative activity of mefenamic acid and its metal complexes with manganese(II), cobalt(II), nickel(II), copper(II) and zinc(II).
PubMed: Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants.
PubMed: Anti-inflammatory effects of liquiritigenin as a consequence of the inhibition of NF-kappaB-dependent iNOS and proinflammatory cytokines production.
PubMed: Properties of pellets manufactured by wet extrusion/spheronization process using kappa-carrageenan: effect of process parameters.
PubMed: Physicochemical characterization, in vitro, and in vivo evaluation of indomethacin-loaded nanocarriers self-assembled by amphiphilic polyphosphazene.
PubMed: In vivo and in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of alpha-linolenic acid isolated from Actinidia polygama fruits.
PubMed: Novel synthesis of [1]-benzothiepino[5,4-b]pyridine-3-carbonitriles and their anti-inflammatory properties.
PubMed: A novel enzyme, lambda-carrageenase, isolated from a deep-sea bacterium.
PubMed: Parameters affecting the drug release from in situ gelling nasal inserts.
PubMed: Design, synthesis, and anti-inflammatory evaluation of a series of novel amino acid-binding 1,5-diarylpyrazole derivatives.
PubMed: Design, synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of some novel 2-(4-nitrophenyl)-3-methylthio-3-(substituted)arylamino acrylamides as potential anti-inflammatory agents.
PubMed: Unperturbed dimensions of Carrageenans in different salt solutions.
PubMed: Fat and sodium chloride reduction in sausages using kappa-carrageenan and other salts.
PubMed: The system of galactans of the red seaweed, Kappaphycus alvarezii, with emphasis on its minor constituents.
PubMed: Desulfation of sulfated galactans with chlorotrimethylsilane. Characterization of beta-carrageenan by 1H NMR spectroscopy.
PubMed: Effect of mixed micelle formulations including terpenes on the transdermal delivery of diclofenac.
PubMed: Anti-inflammatory action of sulfoaryl 3,3-disubstituted triazenes in rat experimental edema models.
PubMed: 4-substituted 1,5-diarylpyrazole, analogues of celecoxib: synthesis and preliminary evaluation of biological properties.
PubMed: Sol-Gel transition behavior of pure iota-carrageenan in both salt-free and added salt states.
PubMed: Evaluation of certain food additives. Fifty-first report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives.
PubMed: [The reaction of 3-(R-phenyl)-6-hydrazine pyridazines with substituted isatins (II)].
PubMed: Water-based microsphere delivery system for proteins.
PubMed: [Preparation and antiinflammatory activity of selected aqua-(aryloxyacetate) zinc complexes].
PubMed: Conformation and association of kappa-carrageenan in the presence of locust bean gum in mixed NaI/CsI solutions from rheology and cryo-TEM.
PubMed: Matrix tablets of carrageenans. II. Release behavior and effect of added cations.
PubMed: Methods for the recovery of Salmonella spp. from carboxymethylcellulose gum, gum ghatti, and gelatin.
PubMed: In vivo inhibition of nitric oxide synthase by bisisothiouronium and bisguanidinium salts.
PubMed: Organisation and association of kappa-carrageenan helices under different salt conditions.
PubMed: Imaging of individual biopolymers and supramolecular assemblies using noncontact atomic force microscopy.
PubMed: Comparison of the anticoagulant action of sulfated and phosphorylated polysaccharides.
PubMed: Polyelectrolyte/amphiphile interaction studied by surface tension measurements.
PubMed: On the structure of aggregated kappa-carrageenan helices. A study by cryo-TEM, optical rotation and viscometry.
PubMed: In the search for new antiinflammatory drugs: synthesis and antiinflammatory activity of some Thiazolo(3,2-a)pyrimidine derivatives containing a thioether group.
PubMed: Fecal bile acid excretion and taurine status in cats fed canned and dry diets.
PubMed: Use of INT to determine the respiratory activity of immobilised and free Penicillium chrysogenum.
PubMed: Insights into stereochemical features of sulphated carbohydrates: X-ray crystallographic and modelling investigations.
PubMed: Temperature and salt optimization of kappa-carrageenan fractionation by DEAE-cellulose.
PubMed: Solubility of calcium salts and carrageenan used in infant formulas did not influence calcium absorption in rats.
PubMed: Anti-ulcer activity of a slow-release zinc complex, zinc monoglycerolate (Glyzinc).
PubMed: Molecular characterisation of kappa- and lambda-carrageenan by gel permeation chromatography, light scattering, sedimentation analysis and osmometry.
PubMed: Zinc monoglycerolate: a slow-release source of zinc with anti-arthritic activity in rats.
PubMed: Anti-inflammatory activity of some copper(II) complexes.
PubMed: Effect of viscous indigestible polysaccharides on pancreatic-biliary secretion and digestive organs in rats.
PubMed: Molecular structure of carrageenans and kappa oligomers: a Raman spectroscopic study.
PubMed: Promoter function of carrageenan on development of colonic tumors induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in rats.
PubMed: [Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. 19. Synthesis and activity of stereomeric phenylacetic homologues].
PubMed: Evidence for macrophage involvement in the enhancement of tumor growth delay with X-ray/Fluosol-DAR/O2 combination therapy.
PubMed: Carrageenan stimulates reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium by human neutrophils without membrane depolarization, myeloperoxidase secretion, or increased oxygen consumption.
PubMed: Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents. Part 16: Stereomeric 3-aryl-biphenylyl-hydroxy-propionic acids.
PubMed: Structure-activity in the carrageenans: iota-carrageenan and experimental oedemagenic activity.
PubMed: Effect of indigestible polysaccharides on pancreatic exocrine secretion and biliary output.
PubMed: Influence of diet or intrarectal bile acid injections on colon epithelial cell proliferation in rats previously injected with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine.
PubMed: Effects of various substances on two types of inflammatory reaction in animals.
PubMed: Effect of dietary wheat bran, alfalfa, pectin and carrageenan on plasma cholesterol and fecal bile acid and neutral sterol excretion in rats.
PubMed: [Quantitative determination of some thickeners in dairy products (author's transl)].
PubMed: [Bulk materials in hyperlipoproteinemias].
PubMed: [Effect of plant gums (swelling materials) on intestinal absorption in experimental animals].
PubMed: Experimental inflammation induced by naturally occurring microcrystalline calcium salts.
PubMed: Beta-aminocinnamonitriles as potential antiinflammatory agents.
PubMed: Iota-carrageenan: molecular structure and packing of polysaccharide double helices in oriented fibres of divalent cation salts.
PubMed: [The influence of inorganic and organic salts on the binding of polysaccharides with thiazine dyes].
PubMed: [Influence of inorganic and organic salts on binding of polysaccharides with thiazine dyes].
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