ficin
ficus proteinase
 
Notes:
a sulfhydryl proteinase with cysteine at the active site from ficus latex. preferential cleavage is at tyrosine and phenylalanine residues. ec 3.4.22.3. Chillproofing agent for beer, meat tenderiser, dough conditioner, rennet substitute, processing aid for precooked cereals. GRAS approved Ficain (or ficin) is an enzyme which is derived from figs latex. It is of a family of proteases known as the cysteine endopeptidases, a group that also includes papain derived from papaya latex, bromelase (bromelain) extracted from pineapple stem, calpain, caspases, cathespisin B, and chymopapain.; It is one of the most commonly used for differentiating many blood group antigens: eg destroy M, N, S, Duffy a and Duffy b and enhance some other antigens.
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CAS Number: 9001-33-6 
ECHA EC Number: 232-599-1
MDL: MFCD00081597
Formula: unspecified
Category: enzyme preparations and microorganisms
 
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JECFA Food Additive: Ficin
FDA Mainterm (SATF):9001-33-6 ; FICIN
FDA Regulation:
FDA PART 184 -- DIRECT FOOD SUBSTANCES AFFIRMED AS GENERALLY RECOGNIZED AS SAFE
Subpart B--Listing of Specific Substances Affirmed as GRAS
Sec. 184.1316 Ficin.
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Physical Properties:
Appearance: white powder (est)
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Soluble in:
 water
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Organoleptic Properties:
 
Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found).
 
 
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Cosmetic Information:
CosIng: cosmetic data
Cosmetic Uses: skin conditioning
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Suppliers:
Sigma-Aldrich: Sigma
For experimental / research use only.
Ficin from fig tree latex lyophilized powder
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Safety Information:
Preferred SDS: View
 
Hazards identification
 
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
 
Pictogram
 
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
oral-rat LD50  10000 mg/kg
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 71, Pg. 20, 1941.

oral-rabbit LD50  5000 mg/kg
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 71, Pg. 20, 1941.

oral-guinea pig LD50  5000 mg/kg
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 71, Pg. 20, 1941.

Dermal Toxicity:
Not determined
Inhalation Toxicity:
inhalation-cat LCLo 290 mg/m3/10M
National Defense Research Committee, Office of Scientific Research and Development, Progress Report.Vol. NDCrc-132, Pg. SEP1942

inhalation-guinea pig LCLo 290 mg/m3/10M
National Defense Research Committee, Office of Scientific Research and Development, Progress Report.Vol. NDCrc-132, Pg. SEP1942

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Safety in Use Information:
Category: enzyme preparations and microorganisms
Recommendation for ficin usage levels up to:
 not for fragrance use.
 
Recommendation for ficin flavor usage levels up to:
 not for flavor use.
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Safety References:
Toxicology Citations: Search
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA): 9001-33-6
EPA ACToR: Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS): Registry
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: Data
WGK Germany: 1
Chemidplus: 0009001336
RTECS: LK3675000 for cas# 9001-33-6
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References:
Pubchem (sid): 135306973
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Other Information:
FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS): View
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database): HMDB37833
FooDB: FDB016983
FDA Listing of Food Additive Status: View
VCF-Online: VCF Volatile Compounds in Food
Wikipedia: View
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Potential Blenders and core components note
 
None Found
 
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Potential Uses:
None Found
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Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
 ficus protease
Search Trop  Picture
 fig latex
Search Trop  Picture
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Synonyms:
 ficus protease
 ficus proteinase
 higueroxyl delabarre
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Articles:
PubMed: Antioxidant activity of bovine casein hydrolysates produced by Ficus carica L.-derived proteinase.
PubMed: Exogenous proteases for meat tenderization.
PubMed: Richness of endophytic fungi isolated from Opuntia ficus-indica Mill. (Cactaceae) and preliminary screening for enzyme production.
PubMed: Production of plant proteases in vivo and in vitro--a review.
PubMed: Selenium accumulation, distribution, and speciation in spineless prickly pear cactus: a drought- and salt-tolerant, selenium-enriched nutraceutical fruit crop for biofortified foods.
PubMed: Decolorization of crude latex by activated charcoal, purification and physico-chemical characterization of religiosin, a milk-clotting serine protease from the latex of Ficus religiosa.
PubMed: Determination of the folate content in cladodes of nopal (Opuntia ficus indica) by microbiological assay utilizing Lactobacillus casei (ATCC 7469) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
PubMed: Application of exogenous enzymes to beef muscle of high and low-connective tissue.
PubMed: Benghalensin, a highly stable serine protease from the latex of medicinal plant Ficus benghalensis.
PubMed: Characterization of acid-induced molten globule like state of ficin.
PubMed: Purification, characterization, and solvent-induced thermal stabilization of ficin from Ficus carica.
PubMed: An unusual thermostable aspartic protease from the latex of Ficus racemosa (L.).
PubMed: Purification and characterization of novel proteinase inhibitors from dried figs.
PubMed: Characterization of a chitosanase isolated from a commercial ficin preparation.
PubMed: Molecular cloning and characterization of oryzacystatin-III, a novel member of phytocystatin in rice (Oryza sativa L. japonica).
PubMed: Pectinesterase inhibitor from jelly fig (Ficus awkeotsang Makino) achene induces apoptosis of human leukemic U937 cells.
PubMed: Purification and characterisation of acidocin D20079, a bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus acidophilus DSM 20079.
PubMed: Sensitization to Ficus benjamina: relationship to natural rubber latex allergy and identification of foods implicated in the Ficus-fruit syndrome.
PubMed: Purification and characterization of phytocystatins from kiwifruit cortex and seeds.
PubMed: Immobilization and characterization of ficin.
PubMed: A cysteine proteinase inhibitor purified from apple fruit.
PubMed: Asthma caused by Ficus benjamina latex: evidence of cross-reactivity with fig fruit and papain.
PubMed: Ten year experience with the negatively charged glutaraldehyde-tanned vascular graft in peripheral vascular surgery. Initial multicenter trial.
PubMed: Conjugal Transfer of Plasmid-Encoded Determinants for Bacteriocin Production and Immunity in Lactobacillus acidophilus 88.
PubMed: Tenderization of beef with bacterial collagenase.
PubMed: Naturally occurring protein crystals in the potato : inhibitor of papain, chymopapain, and ficin.
PubMed: Multiple Molecular Forms of Ficus glabrata Ficin. Their Separation and Relative Physical, Chemical, and Enzymatic Properties.
PubMed: Nature of the Conversion of Ficus carica Variety Kadota Ficin Component D to Component C. Some Physicochemical Properties of Components C and D.
PubMed: Multiple molecular forms of ficin-evidence against autolysis as explanation.
PubMed: Ficin-Catalyzed Reactions. Hydrolysis of alpha-N-Benzoyl-l-Arginine Ethyl Ester and alpha-N-Benzoyl-l-Argininamide.
PubMed: Retinol inhibition of some proteolytic enzymes.
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