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Category: natural substances and extractives
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
| Assay: | 95.00 to 100.00 %
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| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
| Soluble in: |
| | water, 9.401e-009 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) |
Organoleptic Properties:
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| Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
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Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
| Preferred SDS: View |
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| Hazards identification |
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| Classification of the substance or mixture |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
| None found. |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
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| Pictogram | |
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| Hazard statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Precautionary statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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| Dermal Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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| Inhalation Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | natural substances and extractives |
| Recommendation for violaxanthin usage levels up to: | | | not for fragrance use.
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| Recommendation for violaxanthin flavor usage levels up to: |
| | not for flavor use.
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Safety References:
References:
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| (3S,3'S,5R,5'R, 6S,6'S)-5,6:5',6'- | diepoxy-5,5',6,6'-tetrahydro-beta,beta-carotene-3,3'-diol | | 5,6:5',6'- | diepoxy-5,5',6,6'-tetrahydro-beta-carotene-3,3'-diol | | | zeaxanthin diepoxide |
Articles:
| PubMed: | The high content of β-carotene present in orange-pulp fruits of Carica papaya L. is not correlated with a high expression of the CpLCY-β2 gene. |
| PubMed: | Pressurized liquid extraction of Neochloris oleoabundans for the recovery of bioactive carotenoids with anti-proliferative activity against human colon cancer cells. |
| PubMed: | Kinetics of carotenoids degradation and furosine formation in dried apricots (Prunus armeniaca L.). |
| PubMed: | Characterization of carotenoid profile of Spanish Sanguinos and Verdal prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica, spp.) tissues. |
| PubMed: | Nutritional composition of mungbean and soybean sprouts compared to their adult growth stage. |
| PubMed: | Reversed Phase HPLC-DAD Profiling of Carotenoids, Chlorophylls and Phenolic Compounds in Adiantum capillus-veneris Leaves. |
| PubMed: | Carotenoid profiling of red navel orange "Cara Cara" harvested from five regions in China. |
| PubMed: | Dissecting molecular and physiological response mechanisms to high solar radiation in cyanic and acyanic leaves: a case study on red and green basil. |
| PubMed: | Effects of High Temperature Frying of Spinach Leaves in Sunflower Oil on Carotenoids, Chlorophylls, and Tocopherol Composition. |
| PubMed: | Blue light dosage affects carotenoids and tocopherols in microgreens. |
| PubMed: | Accumulation of Carotenoids and Metabolic Profiling in Different Cultivars of Tagetes Flowers. |
| PubMed: | Carotenoid profiling of the leaves of selected African eggplant accessions subjected to drought stress. |
| PubMed: | Carotenoids and carotenoid esters of orange- and yellow-fleshed mamey sapote (Pouteria sapota (Jacq.) H.E. Moore & Stearn) fruit and their post-prandial absorption in humans. |
| PubMed: | Production of Auroxanthins from Violaxanthin and 9-cis-Violaxanthin by Acidic Treatment and the Antioxidant Activities of Violaxanthin, 9-cis-Violaxanthin, and Auroxanthins. |
| PubMed: | Chemical composition of microalgae Heterochlorella luteoviridis and Dunaliella tertiolecta with emphasis on carotenoids. |
| PubMed: | Innovative Alternative Technologies to Extract Carotenoids from Microalgae and Seaweeds. |
| PubMed: | Improving photosynthesis and crop productivity by accelerating recovery from photoprotection. |
| PubMed: | Composition by LC-MS/MS of New Carotenoid Esters in Mango and Citrus. |
| PubMed: | Size-dependent depletion and community disturbance of phytoplankton under intensive oyster mariculture based on HPLC pigment analysis in Daya Bay, South China Sea. |
| PubMed: | Determination of free and esterified carotenoid composition in rose hip fruit by HPLC-DAD-APCI(+)-MS. |
| PubMed: | Carotenoid composition of strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) fruits. |
| PubMed: | In vitro propagation, carotenoid, fatty acid and tocopherol content of Ajuga multiflora Bunge. |
| PubMed: | Carotenoid profile and retention in yellow-, purple- and red-fleshed potatoes after thermal processing. |
| PubMed: | Fern-synthesized nanoparticles in the fight against malaria: LC/MS analysis of Pteridium aquilinum leaf extract and biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles with high mosquitocidal and antiplasmodial activity. |
| PubMed: | Food matrix and processing influence on carotenoid bioaccessibility and lipophilic antioxidant activity of fruit juice-based beverages. |
| PubMed: | Photosynthetic Pigments in Diatoms. |
| PubMed: | Development of C13-norisoprenoids, carotenoids and other volatile compounds in Vitis vinifera L. Cv. Pinot noir grapes. |
| PubMed: | Changes in carotenoid profiles and in the expression pattern of the genes in carotenoid metabolisms during fruit development and ripening in four watermelon cultivars. |
| PubMed: | An appraisal of eighteen commonly consumed edible plants as functional food based on their antioxidant and starch hydrolase inhibitory activities. |
| PubMed: | The effects of LED illumination spectra and intensity on carotenoid content in Brassicaceae microgreens. |
| PubMed: | Lipids, tocopherols, and carotenoids in leaves of amaranth and quinoa cultivars and a new approach to overall evaluation of nutritional quality traits. |
| PubMed: | Development and validation of a rapid resolution liquid chromatography method for the screening of dietary plant isoprenoids: carotenoids, tocopherols and chlorophylls. |
| PubMed: | Regulatory control of carotenoid accumulation in winter squash during storage. |
| PubMed: | Effect of UV-C radiation on bioactive compounds of pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr.) by-products. |
| PubMed: | Xanthophyll content of selected vegetables commonly consumed in the Philippines and the effect of boiling. |
| PubMed: | Carotenoid composition of berries and leaves from six Romanian sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) varieties. |
| PubMed: | Antioxidant activity and bioactive compounds of lettuce improved by espresso coffee residues. |
| PubMed: | Carotenoid profiling in tubers of different potato (Solanum sp) cultivars: accumulation of carotenoids mediated by xanthophyll esterification. |
| PubMed: | In vitro investigation of the bioaccessibility of carotenoids from raw, frozen and boiled red chili peppers (Capsicum annuum). |
| PubMed: | Developmental effects on phenolic, flavonol, anthocyanin, and carotenoid metabolites and gene expression in potatoes. |
| PubMed: | Thermal degradation kinetics of xanthophylls from blood orange in model and real food systems. |
| PubMed: | Cashew apple (Anacardium occidentale L.) extract from by-product of juice processing: a focus on carotenoids. |
| PubMed: | Carotenoid content of wild edible young shoots traditionally consumed in Spain (Asparagus acutifolius L., Humulus lupulus L., Bryonia dioica Jacq. and Tamus communis L.). |
| PubMed: | Assessment of vitamin and carotenoid concentrations of emerging food products: edible microgreens. |
| PubMed: | Genotypic abundance of carotenoids and polyphenolics in the hull of field pea (Pisum sativum L.). |
| PubMed: | Carotenoid bioaccessibility from nine raw carotenoid-storing fruits and vegetables using an in vitro model. |
| PubMed: | Anti-inflammatory effects of violaxanthin isolated from microalga Chlorella ellipsoidea in RAW 264.7 macrophages. |
| PubMed: | The effects of kale (Brassica oleracea ssp. acephala), basil (Ocimum basilicum) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris) as forage material in organic egg production on egg quality. |
| PubMed: | Carotenoid accumulation and carotenogenic gene expression during fruit development in novel interspecific inbred squash lines and their parents. |
| PubMed: | Thermal degradation kinetics of neoxanthin, violaxanthin, and antheraxanthin in virgin olive oils. |
| PubMed: | Influence of different drying methods on carotenoids and capsaicinoids of paprika (Cv., Jalapeno). |
| PubMed: | Changes in carotenoids during processing and storage of pumpkin puree. |
| PubMed: | Carotenoid composition in Rhinacanthus nasutus (L.) Kurz as determined by HPLC-MS and affected by freeze-drying and hot-air-drying. |
| PubMed: | Influence of rootstock and cultivar on bioactive compounds in citrus peels. |
| PubMed: | Behavior of flavonols and carotenoids of minimally processed kale leaves during storage in passive modified atmosphere packaging. |
| PubMed: | Carotenoid composition and vitamin A value in ají (Capsicum baccatum L.) and rocoto (C. pubescens R. & P.), 2 pepper species from the Andean region. |
| PubMed: | Characterization of bioactive compounds from raw and ripe Mangifera indica L. peel extracts. |
| PubMed: | Chemistry and biotechnology of carotenoids. |
| PubMed: | Simultaneous HPLC-DAD-MS (ESI+) determination of structural and geometrical isomers of carotenoids in mature grapes. |
| PubMed: | The metabolic and developmental roles of carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase4 from potato. |
| PubMed: | Carotenoid and chlorophyll-derived compounds in some wine grapes grown in Apulian region. |
| PubMed: | Stability of carotenoids in Scenedesmus almeriensis biomass and extracts under various storage conditions. |
| PubMed: | gamma-Irradiation dose: effects on baby-leaf spinach ascorbic acid, carotenoids, folate, alpha-tocopherol, and phylloquinone concentrations. |
| PubMed: | Relationship between fresh-packaged spinach leaves exposed to continuous light or dark and bioactive contents: effects of cultivar, leaf size, and storage duration. |
| PubMed: | A large scale method for preparation of plant thylakoids for use in body weight regulation. |
| PubMed: | Effect of genotype and environment on citrus juice carotenoid content. |
| PubMed: | Influence of postharvest treatments on quality, carotenoids, and abscisic acid content of stored "spring belle" peach (prunus persica) fruit. |
| PubMed: | Carotenoid and tocopherol composition of leaves, buds, and flowers of Capparis spinosa grown wild in Tunisia. |
| PubMed: | Carotenoid composition of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus), determined by HPLC-PDA-MS/MS. |
| PubMed: | Uncultivated Brazilian green leaves are richer sources of carotenoids than are commercially produced leafy vegetables. |
| PubMed: | Antiproliferative effects of carotenoids extracted from Chlorella ellipsoidea and Chlorella vulgaris on human colon cancer cells. |
| PubMed: | Effects of mesotrione on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) carotenoid concentrations under varying environmental conditions. |
| PubMed: | Total and individual carotenoids and phenolic acids content in fresh, refrigerated and processed spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). |
| PubMed: | Pressurized fluid extraction of bioactive compounds from Phormidium species. |
| PubMed: | Application of comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography to elucidate the native carotenoid composition in red orange essential oil. |
| PubMed: | Changes in carotenoid content and biosynthetic gene expression in juice sacs of four orange varieties (Citrus sinensis) differing in flesh fruit color. |
| PubMed: | Enhancing the carotenoid content of Brassica napus seeds by downregulating lycopene epsilon cyclase. |
| PubMed: | Genotype, location, and year influence antioxidant activity, carotenoid content, phenolic content, and composition in specialty potatoes. |
| PubMed: | Enhanced carnosic acid levels in two rosemary accessions exposed to cold stress conditions. |
| PubMed: | Carotenoids in white- and red-fleshed loquat fruits. |
| PubMed: | Identification and quantification of xanthophyll esters, carotenes, and tocopherols in the fruit of seven Mexican mango cultivars by liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry [LC-(APcI(+))-MS]. |
| PubMed: | Qualitative and quantitative differences in carotenoid composition among Cucurbita moschata, Cucurbita maxima, and Cucurbita pepo. |
| PubMed: | Quantification of carotenoids in citrus fruit by LC-MS and comparison of patterns of seasonal changes for carotenoids among citrus varieties. |
| PubMed: | Carotenoids, color, and ascorbic acid content of a novel frozen-marketed orange juice. |
| PubMed: | Pigments in avocado tissue and oil. |
| PubMed: | Characterization of a beta-carotene hydroxylase of Adonis aestivalis and its expression in Arabidopsis thaliana. |
| PubMed: | Carotenoid profile modification during refrigerated storage in untreated and pasteurized orange juice and orange juice treated with high-intensity pulsed electric fields. |
| PubMed: | Differences in the carotenoid content of ordinary citrus and lycopene-accumulating mutants. |
| PubMed: | Metabolic engineering of potato tuber carotenoids through tuber-specific silencing of lycopene epsilon cyclase. |
| PubMed: | Regulation of color break in citrus fruits. Changes in pigment profiling and gene expression induced by gibberellins and nitrate, two ripening retardants. |
| PubMed: | Antioxidant activity of Botryococcus braunii extract elucidated in vitro models. |
| PubMed: | Carotenoid diversity in cultivated citrus is highly influenced by genetic factors. |
| PubMed: | Improved high performance liquid chromatographic method for determination of carotenoids in the microalga Chlorella pyrenoidosa. |
| PubMed: | Lutein in selected Canadian crops and agri-food processing by-products and purification by high-speed counter-current chromatography. |
| PubMed: | Chromatographic determination of changes in pigments in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) during processing. |
| PubMed: | Simple saponification method for the quantitative determination of carotenoids in green vegetables. |
| PubMed: | Isolation of carotenoids from plant materials and dietary supplements by high-speed counter-current chromatography. |
| PubMed: | Determination of major carotenoids in a few Indian leafy vegetables by high-performance liquid chromatography. |
| PubMed: | Improved liquid chromatographic method for determination of carotenoids in Taiwanese mango (Mangifera indica L.). |
| PubMed: | Biochemical and molecular analysis of carotenoid biosynthesis in flavedo of orange (Citrus sinensis L.) during fruit development and maturation. |
| PubMed: | Evaluation of some carotenoids in grapes by reversed- and normal-phase liquid chromatography: a qualitative analysis. |
| PubMed: | Carotenogenesis during tuber development and storage in potato. |
| PubMed: | Carotenoid compounds in grapes and their relationship to plant water status. |
| PubMed: | Identification of chlorophylls and carotenoids in major teas by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection. |
| PubMed: | Influences of gamma-irradiation and storage on the carotenoids of sun-dried and dehydrated paprika. |
| PubMed: | Carotenoid composition of hydroponic leafy vegetables. |
| PubMed: | Genetic engineering of a zeaxanthin-rich potato by antisense inactivation and co-suppression of carotenoid epoxidation. |
| PubMed: | Carotenoids and carotenoid esters in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.): new insights into an ancient vegetable. |
| PubMed: | Color in fruit of the genus actinidia: carotenoid and chlorophyll compositions. |
| PubMed: | Determination of carotenoid profiles in grapes, musts, and fortified wines from Douro varieties of Vitis vinifera. |
| PubMed: | Lysophosphatidylcholine enhances carotenoid uptake from mixed micelles by Caco-2 human intestinal cells. |
| PubMed: | Structure-reactivity relationship in the oxidation of carotenoid pigments of the pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). |
| PubMed: | HPLC determination of chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments in processed green pea cultivars (Pisum sativum L.). |
| PubMed: | Carotenoid composition in the fruits of red paprika (Capsicum annuum var. lycopersiciforme rubrum) during ripening; biosynthesis of carotenoids in red paprika. |
| PubMed: | Analysis and stability of carotenoids in the flowers of daylily (Hemerocallis disticha) as affected by various treatments. |
| PubMed: | Seasonal changes of carotenoid pigments and color in Hamlin, Earlygold, and budd blood orange juices. |
| PubMed: | Enzymatic hydrolysis of carotenoid fatty acid esters of red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) by a lipase from Candida rugosa. |
| PubMed: | Biochemical basis of color as an aesthetic quality in Citrus sinensis. |
| PubMed: | Effects of Ripening, Cultivar Differences, and Processing on the Carotenoid Composition of Mango. |
| PubMed: | Carotenoid composition in the fruits of Asparagus officinalis. |
| PubMed: | Carotenoid biosynthesis changes in five red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivars during ripening. Cultivar selection for breeding. |
| PubMed: | Latin American food sources of carotenoids. |
| PubMed: | Chlorophyll and carotenoid patterns in olive fruits, Olea europaea Cv. arbequina. |
| PubMed: | Carotenoid pigments in Rosa mosqueta hips, an alternative carotenoid source for foods. |
| PubMed: | Light-induced De-epoxidation in Lettuce Chloroplasts: VI. De-epoxidation in Grana and in Stoma Lamellae. |
| PubMed: | An Ascorbate-induced Absorbance Change in Chloroplasts from Violaxanthin De-epoxidation. |
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