squalene
2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyl-2,6,10,14,18,22-tetracosahexaene
 
Notes:
None found
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CAS Number: 7683-64-9Picture of molecule3D/inchi
Other(deleted CASRN): 21245-10-3
Nikkaji Web: J8.960E
XlogP3-AA: 11.60 (est)
Molecular Weight: 410.72850000
Formula: C30 H50
NMR Predictor: Predict (works with chrome or firefox)
Category: natural substances and extractives
 
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Physical Properties:
Appearance: colorless to pale yellow clear oily liquid (est)
Assay: 98.00 to 100.00 % 
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Boiling Point: 429.00 to  430.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Flash Point: 309.00 °F. TCC ( 153.89 °C. )
logP (o/w): 12.188 (est)
Soluble in:
 alcohol
 water, 6.646e-010 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
Insoluble in:
 water
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Organoleptic Properties:
 
Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found).
 
 
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Cosmetic Information:
None found
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Suppliers:
Alfa Biotechnology
For experimental / research use only.
Squalene 98%
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Safety Information:
 
Hazards identification
 
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
 
Pictogram
 
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
Not determined
Dermal Toxicity:
Not determined
Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined
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Safety in Use Information:
Category: natural substances and extractives
Recommendation for squalene usage levels up to:
 not for fragrance use.
 
Recommendation for squalene flavor usage levels up to:
 not for flavor use.
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Safety References:
EPI System: View
Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System: Search
AIDS Citations: Search
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EPA ACToR: Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS): Registry
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary : 638072
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: Data
 2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyltetracosa-2,6,10,14,18,22-hexaene
Chemidplus: 0000111024
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References:
 2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyltetracosa-2,6,10,14,18,22-hexaene
NIST Chemistry WebBook: Search Inchi
Pubchem (cid): 638072
Pubchem (sid): 134974713
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Other Information:
(IUPAC): Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos: The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc: Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC): Periodic Table of the Elements
CHEBI: View
CHEMBL: View
Golm Metabolome Database: Search
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KEGG (GenomeNet): C00751
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database): Search
FooDB: FDB015780
VCF-Online: VCF Volatile Compounds in Food
ChemSpider: View
Wikipedia: View
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Potential Blenders and core components note
 
None Found
 
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Potential Uses:
None Found
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Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
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 olive fruit
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 papaya seed oil
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 pea sprout
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 peach seed
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 tomato fruit
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Synonyms:
2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyl-2,6,10,14,18,22-tetracosahexaene
2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyltetracosa-2,6,10,14,18,22-hexaene
 skvalen
 spinacene
 supraene
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Articles:
PubMed: Physicochemical properties, antioxidant activities and protective effect against acute ethanol-induced hepatic injury in mice of foxtail millet (Setaria italica) bran oil.
J-Stage: Thraustochytrid Aurantiochytrium sp. 18W-13a Accummulates High Amounts of Squalene
PubMed: Cholesterol metabolism and serum non-cholesterol sterols: summary of 13 plant stanol ester interventions.
PubMed: The anti-aging effects of Ludwigia octovalvis on Drosophila melanogaster and SAMP8 mice.
PubMed: Online LC-GC-based analysis of minor lipids in various tree nuts and peanuts.
PubMed: Cloning and characterization of squalene synthase gene from Poria cocos and its up-regulation by methyl jasmonate.
PubMed: A physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of squalene-containing adjuvant in human vaccines.
PubMed: Enhancement of skin radical scavenging activity and stratum corneum lipids after the application of a hyperforin-rich cream.
PubMed: The impact of fruit maturation on bioactive microconstituents, inhibition of serum oxidation and inflammatory markers in stimulated PBMCs and sensory characteristics of Koroneiki virgin olive oils from Messenia, Greece.
PubMed: Nutritional evaluation and health promoting activities of nuts and seeds cultivated in Greece.
PubMed: Evaluation of γ-oryzanol content and composition from the grains of pigmented rice-germplasms by LC-DAD-ESI/MS.
PubMed: Genotoxicity assessment of vaccine adjuvant squalene.
PubMed: The revival of Amaranth as a third-millennium food.
PubMed: A novel approach to enhancing ganoderic acid production by Ganoderma lucidum using apoptosis induction.
PubMed: Formulated squalene for food related applications.
PubMed: Effect of baking of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and frying of anchovy (Engraulis encrasicholus) in olive and sunflower oil on their quality.
PubMed: Discrimination against diacylglycerol ethers in lipase-catalysed ethanolysis of shark liver oil.
PubMed: Novel bio-active lipid nanocarriers for the stabilization and sustained release of sitosterol.
PubMed: Lignans and triterpenes from the root of Pseuderanthemum carruthersii var. atropurpureum.
PubMed: Analytical evaluation of two monovarietal virgin olive oils cultivated in the south of Tunisia: Jemri-Bouchouka and Chemlali-Tataouin cultivars.
PubMed: Recovery of squalene from wine lees using ultrasound assisted extraction-a feasibility study.
PubMed: Enhanced production of ganoderic acids and cytotoxicity of Ganoderma lucidum using solid-medium culture.
PubMed: Efficacy of bioactive compounds from extra virgin olive oil to modulate atherosclerosis development.
PubMed: Flavonoids with potent antioxidant activity found in young green barley leaves.
PubMed: Squalene ameliorates atherosclerotic lesions through the reduction of CD36 scavenger receptor expression in macrophages.
PubMed: Bioactive compounds and nutritional significance of virgin argan oil--an edible oil with potential as a functional food.
PubMed: Valuable Nutrients and Functional Bioactives in Different Parts of Olive (Olea europaea L.)-A Review.
PubMed: Investigation of unsaponifiable matter of plant oils and isolation of eight phytosterols by means of high-speed counter-current chromatography.
PubMed: Lipid composition of wine strains of Saccharomyces kudriavzevii and Saccharomyces cerevisiae grown at low temperature.
PubMed: Biological importance and applications of squalene and squalane.
PubMed: Anti-inflammatory effects of polyphenolic-enriched red raspberry extract in an antigen-induced arthritis rat model.
PubMed: The influence of bearing cycles on olive oil quality response to irrigation.
PubMed: Ethnobotanical survey, chemical composition, and antioxidant capacity of methanolic extract of the root bark of Annona cuneata Oliv.
PubMed: Enhanced squalene production by wild-type Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains using safe chemical means.
PubMed: Modulation of doxorubicin-induced genotoxicity by squalene in Balb/c mice.
PubMed: MF59 adjuvant enhances diversity and affinity of antibody-mediated immune response to pandemic influenza vaccines.
PubMed: The effect of consecutive steps of refining on squalene content of vegetable oils.
PubMed: Farnesyl pyrophosphate regulates adipocyte functions as an endogenous PPARγ agonist.
PubMed: An unusual plant triterpene synthase with predominant α-amyrin-producing activity identified by characterizing oxidosqualene cyclases from Malus × domestica.
PubMed: New hydrothermal treatment of alperujo enhances the content of bioactive minor components in crude pomace olive oil.
PubMed: Influence of harvest method and period on olive oil composition: an NMR and statistical study.
PubMed: Squalene as novel food factor.
PubMed: On the effects of a plant extract of Orthosiphon stamineus on sebum-related skin imperfections.
PubMed: gamma-Tocotrienol reduces squalene hydroperoxide-induced inflammatory responses in HaCaT keratinocytes.
PubMed: Characterization of a potential nutraceutical ingredient: pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) seed oil unsaponifiable fraction.
PubMed: Enhanced production of squalene in the thraustochytrid Aurantiochytrium mangrovei by medium optimization and treatment with terbinafine.
PubMed: Cytoprotective effects of DL-alpha-lipoic acid or squalene on cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative injury: an experimental study on rat myocardium, testicles and urinary bladder.
PubMed: High throughput screening of mutants of oat that are defective in triterpene synthesis.
PubMed: Observations on squalene accumulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae due to the manipulation of HMG2 and ERG6.
PubMed: Optimization of nitrogen source for enhanced production of squalene from thraustochytrid Aurantiochytrium sp.
PubMed: Vaccines with MF59 adjuvant expand the antibody repertoire to target protective sites of pandemic avian H5N1 influenza virus.
PubMed: Cloning and characterization of the lanosterol 14alpha-demethylase gene from Antrodia cinnamomea.
PubMed: Analysis of sterol and other components present in unsaponifiable matters of mahua, sal and mango kernel oil.
PubMed: 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic detection of the adulteration of extra virgin olive oils extracted from different cultivars with cold-pressed hazelnut oil.
PubMed: Squalene protects against oxidative DNA damage in MCF10A human mammary epithelial cells but not in MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells.
PubMed: Novel fractionation method for squalene and phytosterols contained in the deodorization distillate of rice bran oil.
PubMed: [Culture of transgenic Glycyrrhiza uralensis hairy root with licorice squalene synthase (SQS) gene].
PubMed: Terpene-mediated parasitoid host location behavior on transgenic and classically bred apple genotypes.
PubMed: Synthesis and characterization of a structured lipid from amaranth oil as a partial fat substitute in milk-based infant formula.
PubMed: Gingival vascular damage in atherosclerotic rabbits: hydroxytyrosol and squalene benefits.
PubMed: Squalene versus ergosterol formation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae: combined effect of oxygen supply, inoculum size, and fermentation time on yield and selectivity of the bioprocess.
PubMed: Improved separation and quantification of neutral and polar lipid classes by HPLC-ELSD using a monolithic silica phase: application to exceptional marine lipids.
PubMed: Characterization and quantification of the aliphatic hydrocarbon fraction during linseed development ( Linum usitatissimum L.).
PubMed: [The oil, fatty acid and squalene content of varieties of raw and processed amaranth grain].
PubMed: Screening and characterization of squalene-producing thraustochytrids from Hong Kong mangroves.
PubMed: Plant stanol ester spreads as components of a balanced diet for pregnant and breast-feeding women: evaluation of clinical safety.
PubMed: Processing stability of squalene in amaranth and antioxidant potential of amaranth extract.
PubMed: Chemical characterization and DNA tracking of Sardinian botargo by Mugil cephalus from different geographical origins.
PubMed: Lipase catalyzed synthesis of neutral glycerides rich in micronutrients from rice bran oil fatty acid distillate.
PubMed: Chemical composition of Greek avgotaracho prepared from mullet (Mugil cephalus): nutritional and health benefits.
PubMed: Comparison of the skin sensitizing potential of unsaturated compounds as assessed by the murine local lymph node assay (LLNA) and the guinea pig maximization test (GPMT).
PubMed: Isolation and structural determination of squalene synthase inhibitor from Prunus mume fruit.
PubMed: Supercritical carbon dioxide fractionation of nonesterified alkoxyglycerols obtained from shark liver oil.
PubMed: [Changes in lipid metabolism in patients in the active phase of Crohn's disease].
PubMed: How heating affects extra virgin olive oil quality indexes and chemical composition.
PubMed: Synthesis and antifungal activity of a series of N-substituted [2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)]propylamines.
PubMed: Molecular mechanisms of the effects of olive oil and other dietary lipids on cancer.
PubMed: Ion-trap tandem mass spectrometric analysis of squalene monohydroperoxide isomers in sunlight-exposed human skin.
PubMed: Exudation of allelopathic substances in buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench).
PubMed: Phytosterol, squalene, tocopherol content and fatty acid profile of selected seeds, grains, and legumes.
PubMed: Cholesterol synthesis prevails over absorption in metabolic syndrome.
PubMed: [Virgin olive oil. From legend to scientific knowledge of the nutraceutical aspects].
PubMed: Importance of functional foods in the Mediterranean diet.
PubMed: Antioxidant activities and volatile constituents of various essential oils.
PubMed: Moderate increase in dietary sucrose does not influence fasting or postprandial serum lipids regardless of the presence of apolipoprotein E2 allele in healthy subjects.
PubMed: Cardioprotective effect of squalene on lipid profile in isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction in rats.
PubMed: Fatty acid profile, tocopherol, squalene and phytosterol content of brazil, pecan, pine, pistachio and cashew nuts.
PubMed: Protection against Western diet-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis in liver fatty acid-binding protein knockout mice.
PubMed: Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new (2E,6E)-10-(dimethylamino)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-decadien-1-ol ethers as inhibitors of human and Trypanosoma cruzi oxidosqualene cyclase.
PubMed: Analysis of unsaponifiable compounds of edible oils by automated on-line coupling reversed-phase liquid chromatography-gas chromatography using the through oven transfer adsorption desorption interface.
PubMed: Distribution of Vitamin E, squalene, epicatechin, and rutin in common buckwheat plants (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench).
PubMed: [Functional components in fish and algae oils].
PubMed: Polyunsaturated fatty acids, phytosterols and cholesterol metabolism in the Mediterranean diet.
PubMed: Components of olive oil and chemoprevention of colorectal cancer.
PubMed: Effect of the difference in vehicles on gene expression in the rat liver--analysis of the control data in the Toxicogenomics Project Database.
PubMed: Laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry of squalene in oil samples.
PubMed: Race is on for flu vaccine.
PubMed: New phenylenediamine antiozonants for commodities based on natural and synthetic rubber.
PubMed: Variation of chemical composition of the lipophilic extracts from yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis) foliage.
PubMed: Relation between the endogenous antioxidant system and the quality of extra virgin olive oil under accelerated storage conditions.
PubMed: Comparison of the chemical composition and nutritional value of Amaranthus cruentus flour and its protein concentrate.
PubMed: Analysis of minor components in olive oil.
PubMed: A real-time polymerase chain reaction-based method for rapid and specific detection of spoilage Alicyclobacillus spp. in apple juice.
PubMed: Countercurrent supercritical fluid extraction and fractionation of high-added-value compounds from a hexane extract of olive leaves.
PubMed: Analysis of gene expression in the bovine corpus luteum through generation and characterisation of 960 ESTs.
PubMed: Fatty acid profile, tocopherol, squalene and phytosterol content of walnuts, almonds, peanuts, hazelnuts and the macadamia nut.
PubMed: Influence of agronomic variables on the composition of mate tea leaves (Ilex paraguariensis) extracts obtained from CO2 extraction at 30 degrees C and 175 bar.
PubMed: Extraction and characterization of volatile compounds in Maytenus ilicifolia, using high-pressure CO2.
PubMed: Fatty acid composition and squalene content of the marine microalga Schizochytrium mangrovei.
PubMed: Squalene in oils and fats from domestic and commercial fryings of potatoes.
PubMed: Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of oil and squalene from amaranthus grain.
PubMed: Oil and squalene in amaranthus grain and leaf.
PubMed: Antioxidant effect of phenolic compounds, alpha-tocopherol, and other minor components in virgin olive oil.
PubMed: Phytonutrient deficiency: the place of palm fruit.
PubMed: Triacylglycerol and fatty acid compositions of French virgin olive oils. Characterization by chemometrics.
PubMed: Consumption of argan oil (Morocco) with its unique profile of fatty acids, tocopherols, squalene, sterols and phenolic compounds should confer valuable cancer chemopreventive effects.
PubMed: Effect of squalene and shark liver oil on serum cholesterol level in hamsters.
PubMed: 3,4-Dihydroxymandelic acid, a noradrenalin metabolite with powerful antioxidative potential.
PubMed: Rate of degradation of alpha-tocopherol, squalene, phenolics, and polyunsaturated fatty acids in olive oil during different storage conditions.
PubMed: Squalene content and antioxidant activity of Terminalia catappa leaves and seeds.
PubMed: Determination of esters of fatty acids with low molecular weight alcohols in olive oils.
PubMed: Olive oil as a functional food: epidemiology and nutritional approaches.
PubMed: Biological properties of olive oil phytochemicals.
PubMed: Phytosterol content in American ginseng seed oil.
PubMed: Stability of virgin olive oil. 2. Photo-oxidation studies.
PubMed: Stability of virgin olive oil. 1. Autoxidation studies.
PubMed: Extraction and purification of squalene from amaranthus grain.
PubMed: Interpretation of Fourier transform Raman spectra of the unsaponifiable matter in a selection of edible oils.
PubMed: Changes in lipids and sterols during composting.
PubMed: Comparing palmolein with different predominantly monounsaturated oils: effect on plasma lipids.
PubMed: An olive oil-rich diet results in higher concentrations of LDL cholesterol and a higher number of LDL subfraction particles than rapeseed oil and sunflower oil diets.
PubMed: Phenolic compounds and squalene in olive oils: the concentration and antioxidant potential of total phenols, simple phenols, secoiridoids, lignansand squalene.
PubMed: First report of the characterization of the threatened plant species Amaranthus pumilus (Seabeach amaranth).
PubMed: Unsaponifiable lipid constituents of some underutilized tropical seed oils.
PubMed: On the role of squalene in olive oil stability.
PubMed: Increased carotenoid production by the food yeast Candida utilis through metabolic engineering of the isoprenoid pathway.
PubMed: Inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis is not accompanied by a change in fatty acid composition in Saccharomyces cerevisiae treated with the antifungal agent 6-amino-2-n-pentylthiobenzothiazole.
PubMed: Amaranth and its oil inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis in 6-week-old female chickens.
PubMed: Inhibition of sterol 4-demethylation in Candida albicans by 6-amino-2-n-pentylthiobenzothiazole, a novel mechanism of action for an antifungal agent.
PubMed: Simultaneous liquid chromatographic determination of cholesterol, phytosterols and tocopherols in foods.
PubMed: Regulation of squalene synthetase activity in rat liver: elevation by cholestyramine, but no diurnal variation.
PubMed: [Studies on therapeutic effect of 13-cis retinoic acid and squalene on symptoms of PCDFs poisoning in monkeys].
PubMed: Biochemical controls of liver cholesterol biosynthesis.
PubMed: The composition of a simulated American diet. Comparison of chemical analyses and estimates from food composition tables.
PubMed: Measurement of squalene in human tissues and plasma: validation and application.
PubMed: Quantitative changes in some unsaponifiable components of soya bean oil due to refining.
PubMed: Model studies in terpene biosynthesis.
PubMed: Hydrocarbons in digestive tract and liver of a basking shark.
PubMed: VITAMIN A AND ISOPRENOID SYNTHESIS IN THE RAT.
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