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Category: coloring agents
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
| Appearance: | deep violet crystalline powder (est) |
| Assay: | 96.00 to 100.00 %
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| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
| Boiling Point: | 575.00 to 576.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
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| Flash Point: | 524.00 °F. TCC ( 273.33 °C. )
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| logP (o/w): | 9.652 (est) |
| Shelf Life: | 12.00 month(s) or longer if stored properly. |
| Storage: | store under nitrogen. |
| Storage: | refrigerate in tightly sealed containers. store under nitrogen. |
| air and light sensitive: | store protected from air and light. |
| Soluble in: |
| | alcohol, slightly | | | chloroform | | | water, 2.17e-007 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) |
| Insoluble in: |
| | water |
Organoleptic Properties:
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| Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
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Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
| Preferred SDS: View |
| European information : |
| Most important hazard(s): | | None - None found. |
S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children. S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
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| Hazards identification |
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| Classification of the substance or mixture |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
| None found. |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
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| Pictogram | |
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| Hazard statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Precautionary statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
oral-mouse LD50 > 10000 mg/kg FAO Nutrition Meetings Report Series. Vol. 38B, Pg. 34, 1966.
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| Dermal Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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| Inhalation Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | coloring agents |
| Recommendation for beta-apo-8'-carotenal usage levels up to: | | | not for fragrance use.
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| Recommendation for beta-apo-8'-carotenal flavor usage levels up to: |
| | not for flavor use.
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Safety References:
| European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s): |
Scientific Opinion on the re-evaluation of ß-apo-8’-carotenal (E 160e) as a food additive View page or View pdf |
Request for a reconsideration of the ADI and a refined exposure assessment of ß-apo-8'-carotenal (E 160e) View page or View pdf |
| EPI System: | View |
| Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System: | Search |
| Cancer Citations: | Search |
| Toxicology Citations: | Search |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA): | 1107-26-2 |
| EPA ACToR: | Toxicology Data |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS): | Registry |
| Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary : | 5478003 |
| National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: | Data |
| WGK Germany: | 2 |
| | (2E,4E,6E,8E,10E,12E,14E,16E)-2,6,11,15-tetramethyl-17-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl)heptadeca-2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16-octaenal |
| Chemidplus: | 0001107262 |
| RTECS: | CD9115000 for cas# 1107-26-2 |
References:
| | (2E,4E,6E,8E,10E,12E,14E,16E)-2,6,11,15-tetramethyl-17-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl)heptadeca-2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16-octaenal |
| NIST Chemistry WebBook: | Search Inchi |
| Canada Domestic Sub. List: | 1107-26-2 |
| Pubchem (cid): | 5478003 |
| Pubchem (sid): | 135017019 |
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| | c.i. 40820 | | 8'-apo-beta- | caroten-8'-al | | 8'apo-beta,psi- | carotenal | | all-trans-beta-apo-8'- | carotenal | | apo | carotenal | | apo-beta,psi- | carotenal, 8' | | | ci 40820 | | | food orange 6 | | (2E,4E,6E,8E,10E,12E,14E,16E)-2,6,11,15- | tetramethyl-17-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl)heptadeca-2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16-octaenal |
Articles:
| PubMed: | Novel carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase catalyzes the first dedicated step in saffron crocin biosynthesis. |
| PubMed: | Tackling the challenge of selective analytical clean-up of complex natural extracts: the curious case of chlorophyll removal. |
| PubMed: | Dynamics of the time-resolved stimulated Raman scattering spectrum in presence of transient vibronic inversion of population on the example of optically excited trans-β-apo-8'-carotenal. |
| PubMed: | Analysis of carotenoid isomerase activity in a prototypical carotenoid cleavage enzyme, apocarotenoid oxygenase (ACO). |
| PubMed: | Substrate specificity of purified recombinant human β-carotene 15,15'-oxygenase (BCO1). |
| PubMed: | Determination of egg yolk xanthophylls by isocratic high-performance liquid chromatography. |
| PubMed: | A novel carotenoid cleavage activity involved in the biosynthesis of Citrus fruit-specific apocarotenoid pigments. |
| PubMed: | Acyclic carotenoid and cyclic apocarotenoid cleavage by an orthologue of lignostilbene-α,β-dioxygenase in Rhodopseudomonas palustris. |
| PubMed: | Structural basis of carotenoid cleavage: from bacteria to mammals. |
| PubMed: | The ORF slr0091 of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 encodes a high-light induced aldehyde dehydrogenase converting apocarotenals and alkanals. |
| PubMed: | New insight into the cleavage reaction of Nostoc sp. strain PCC 7120 carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase in natural and nonnatural carotenoids. |
| PubMed: | Microcapsules containing antioxidant molecules as scavengers of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. |
| PubMed: | The formation, occurrence, and function of β-apocarotenoids: β-carotene metabolites that may modulate nuclear receptor signaling. |
| PubMed: | In vivo and in vitro studies on the carotenoid cleavage oxygenases from Sphingopyxis alaskensis RB2256 and Plesiocystis pacifica SIR-1 revealed their substrate specificities and non-retinal-forming cleavage activities. |
| PubMed: | Characterization of an apo-carotenoid 13,14-dioxygenase from Novosphingobium aromaticivorans that converts β-apo-8'-carotenal to β-apo-13-carotenone. |
| PubMed: | Separation and quantification of 15 carotenoids by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detection with isosbestic wavelength approach. |
| PubMed: | Application of centrifugal precipitation chromatography and high-speed counter-current chromatography equipped with a spiral tubing support rotor for the isolation and partial characterization of carotenoid cleavage-like enzymes in Enteromorpha compressa (L.) Nees. |
| PubMed: | Dietary 9-cis-β,β-carotene fails to rescue vision in mouse models of leber congenital amaurosis. |
| PubMed: | Carotenoid composition in Rhinacanthus nasutus (L.) Kurz as determined by HPLC-MS and affected by freeze-drying and hot-air-drying. |
| PubMed: | Beta-carotene reduces body adiposity of mice via BCMO1. |
| PubMed: | Carotene and novel apocarotenoid concentrations in orange-fleshed Cucumis melo melons: determinations of β-carotene bioaccessibility and bioavailability. |
| PubMed: | Antioxidant activity of β-carotene compounds in different in vitro assays. |
| PubMed: | Contribution of major lipophilic antioxidants to the antioxidant activity of basil extracts: an EPR study. |
| PubMed: | Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants. |
| PubMed: | {beta}-Apocarotenoids do not significantly activate retinoic acid receptors {alpha} or {beta}. |
| PubMed: | Hydrophobicity of residue 108 specifically affects the affinity of human beta-carotene 15,15'-monooxygenase for substrates with two ionone rings. |
| PubMed: | Qualitative and quantitative differences in the carotenoid composition of yellow and red peppers determined by HPLC-DAD-MS. |
| PubMed: | Cloning and functional characterization of carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 4 genes. |
| PubMed: | Total synthesis of (3R,3'R,6'R)-lutein and its stereoisomers. |
| PubMed: | Excited-state dynamics of 12'-apo-beta-caroten-12'-al and 8'-apo-beta-caroten-8'-al in supercritical CO2, N2O, and CF3H. |
| PubMed: | In vitro characterization of a recombinant Blh protein from an uncultured marine bacterium as a beta-carotene 15,15'-dioxygenase. |
| PubMed: | Substrate specificity of a recombinant chicken beta-carotene 15,15'-monooxygenase that converts beta-carotene into retinal. |
| PubMed: | Functional characterization of FaCCD1: a carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase from strawberry involved in lutein degradation during fruit ripening. |
| PubMed: | Effect of Leu/Met variation at residue 450 on isomerase activity and protein expression of RPE65 and its modulation by variation at other residues. |
| PubMed: | Activity of a cationic carotenoid derivative in a mouse model of protoporphyria. |
| PubMed: | Excentral cleavage of beta-carotene in vivo in a healthy man. |
| PubMed: | Influence of solubility-enhancing fusion proteins and organic solvents on the in vitro biocatalytic performance of the carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase AtCCD1 in a micellar reaction system. |
| PubMed: | Retinal biosynthesis in fungi: characterization of the carotenoid oxygenase CarX from Fusarium fujikuroi. |
| PubMed: | Studies of carotenoid one-electron reduction radicals. |
| PubMed: | Beta-carotene and apocarotenals promote retinoid signaling in BEAS-2B human bronchioepithelial cells. |
| PubMed: | Effects of quercetin on beta-apo-8'-carotenal-induced DNA damage and cytochrome P1A2 expression in A549 cells. |
| PubMed: | Carotenoid radical anions and their protonated derivatives. |
| PubMed: | Identification of carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases from Nostoc sp. PCC 7120 with different cleavage activities. |
| PubMed: | The carotenase AtCCD1 from Arabidopsis thaliana is a dioxygenase. |
| PubMed: | Synthetic carotenoid derivatives prevent photosensitised killing of retinal pigment epithelial cells more effectively than lutein. |
| PubMed: | Improved high performance liquid chromatographic method for determination of carotenoids in the microalga Chlorella pyrenoidosa. |
| PubMed: | Key role of conserved histidines in recombinant mouse beta-carotene 15,15'-monooxygenase-1 activity. |
| PubMed: | Electrospray tandem mass spectrometric analysis of zeaxanthin and its oxidation products. |
| PubMed: | Retinal biosynthesis in Eubacteria: in vitro characterization of a novel carotenoid oxygenase from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. |
| PubMed: | Structural requirements for efficient cellular photoprotection by carotenoid derivatives. |
| PubMed: | Induction of 1,N(2)-etheno-2'-deoxyguanosine in DNA exposed to beta-carotene oxidation products. |
| PubMed: | Method development and analysis of retail foods and beverages for carotenoid food colouring materials E160a(ii) and E160e. |
| PubMed: | Induction of liver monooxygenases by annatto and bixin in female rats. |
| PubMed: | Feedback regulation of beta,beta-carotene 15,15'-monooxygenase by retinoic acid in rats and chickens. |
| PubMed: | [Initial stages of trisporic acid synthesis in Blakeslea trispora]. |
| PubMed: | FT-IR study of some seco- and apocarotenoids. |
| PubMed: | Quantitative determination of 13C-labeled and endogenous beta-carotene, lutein, and vitamin A in human plasma. |
| PubMed: | Girard's reagent P derivative of beta-Apo-8'-carotenal: a potent photoprotective agent. |
| PubMed: | beta-carotene is converted primarily to retinoids in rats in vivo. |
| PubMed: | Co-oxidation of beta-carotene catalyzed by soybean and recombinant pea lipoxygenases. |
| PubMed: | Isolation of 9Z beta-carotene from Dunaliella bardawil and its stereoselective synthesis. |
| PubMed: | Dietary carotenoids inhibit aflatoxin B1-induced liver preneoplastic foci and DNA damage in the rat: role of the modulation of aflatoxin B1 metabolism. |
| PubMed: | The influence of two carotenoid food dyes on clastogenic activities of cyclophosphamide and dioxidine in mice. |
| PubMed: | Relative stability of carotenoid radical cations and homologue tocopheroxyl radicals. A real time kinetic study of antioxidant hierarchy. |
| PubMed: | Ah receptor-dependent CYP1A induction by two carotenoids, canthaxanthin and beta-apo-8'-carotenal, with no affinity for the TCDD binding site. |
| PubMed: | Enzymatic oxidation of beta-apo-8'-carotenol to beta-apo-14'-carotenal by an enzyme different from beta-carotene-15,15'-dioxygenase. |
| PubMed: | Modulation of aflatoxin B1 carcinogenicity, genotoxicity and metabolism in rat liver by dietary carotenoids: evidence for a protective effect of CYP1A inducers. |
| PubMed: | Effects of provitamin A or non-provitamin A carotenoids on liver xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in mice. |
| PubMed: | Carotenoid analysis of several dark-green leafy vegetables associated with a lower risk of cancers. |
| PubMed: | Rat intestinal beta-carotene dioxygenase activity is located primarily in the cytosol of mature jejunal enterocytes. |
| PubMed: | beta-Apo-8'-carotenal, but not beta-carotene, is a strong inducer of liver cytochromes P4501A1 and 1A2 in rat. |
| PubMed: | Detection of bixin, lycopene, canthaxanthin, and beta-apo-8'-carotenal in products derived from red pepper. |
| PubMed: | Isolation and identification of singlet oxygen oxidation products of beta-carotene. |
| PubMed: | Dietary carotenoids influenced biochemical but not morphological changes in adult male rats fed a choline-deficient diet. |
| PubMed: | Metabolism of carotenoid analogs in humans. |
| PubMed: | Carotenoids as cellular antioxidants. |
| PubMed: | Retinoic acid can be produced from excentric cleavage of beta-carotene in human intestinal mucosa. |
| PubMed: | Enzymatic conversion of beta-carotene into beta-apo-carotenals and retinoids by human, monkey, ferret, and rat tissues. |
| PubMed: | Characterization of products formed during the autoxidation of beta-carotene. |
| PubMed: | [Effect of carotenoids on selected indicators of cellular immunity in cockerels receiving food with high level of vitamin A]. |
| PubMed: | Localization of chicken parathyroid glands through vital staining. |
| PubMed: | Retinoids and related compounds. XI. Synthesis and stereochemistry of (+/-)-C22-acetylenic and allenic apocarotenals. |
| PubMed: | [Detection of the annatto dye norbixin/bixin in cheese using derivative spectroscopy and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)]. |
| PubMed: | The polarized UV-absorption spectra and the crystal structure of two different monoclinic crystal forms of the retinal homologue beta-8'-apocarotenal. |
| PubMed: | Peroral challenge tests with food additives in urticaria and atopic dermatitis. |
| PubMed: | Relative value of carotenoids as precursors of vitamin A. |
| PubMed: | Carotenoids as food colorants. |
| PubMed: | Charge-transfer complexes of some linear conjugated polyenes. |
| PubMed: | Studies on the relative biopotencies and intestinal absorption of different apo-beta-carotenoids in rats and chickens. |
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