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Category: herbicides / pesticides
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
| Appearance: | colorless to pale yellow clear liquid (est) |
| Assay: | 95.00 to 100.00 %
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| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
| Melting Point: | -64.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
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| Boiling Point: | 112.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
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| Vapor Pressure: | 23.800000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est) |
| Flash Point: | 55.00 °F. TCC ( 13.00 °C. ) (est)
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| logP (o/w): | 2.090 |
| Soluble in: |
| | water, 1620 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp) | | | water, 436.8 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) |
Organoleptic Properties:
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| Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
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Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
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| Hazards identification |
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| Classification of the substance or mixture |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
| None found. |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
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| Pictogram | |
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| Hazard statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Precautionary statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
intravenous-guinea pig LD50 4200 ug/kg LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: ACUTE PULMONARY EDEMA Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. Vol. 114, Pg. 146, 1958.
intraperitoneal-mouse LD50 25 mg/kg Khimiko-Farmatsevticheskii Zhurnal. Chemical Pharmaceutical Journal. For English translation, see PCJOAU. Vol. 10(6), Pg. 53, 1976.
oral-rat LD50 250 mg/kg Dow Chemical Company Reports. Vol. -, Pg. -, 1972.
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| Dermal Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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| Inhalation Toxicity: |
inhalation-cat LCLo 800 mg/m3/20M BEHAVIORAL: FOOD INTAKE (ANIMAL)
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: ACUTE PULMONARY EDEMA
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA Zeitschrift fuer die Gesamte Experimentelle Medizin. Vol. 106, Pg. 296, 1939.
inhalation-guinea pig LCLo 800 mg/m3/20M LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: ACUTE PULMONARY EDEMA
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: EMPHYSEMA Zeitschrift fuer die Gesamte Experimentelle Medizin. Vol. 106, Pg. 296, 1939.
inhalation-human LCLo 2000 mg/m3/10M "Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals," Deichmann, W.B., New York, Academic Press, Inc., 1969Vol. -, Pg. 169, 1969.
inhalation-human TCLo 2 mg/m3 LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES
SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: LACRIMATION: EYE
SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: CONJUNCTIVE IRRITATION: EYE Zeitschrift fuer die Gesamte Experimentelle Medizin. Vol. 106, Pg. 296, 1939.
inhalation-mouse LC50 66 mg/m3/4H LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY STIMULATION
BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY)
SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: INCREASED INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE: EYE Sangyo Igaku. Japanese Journal of Industrial Health. Vol. 15, Pg. 406, 1973.
inhalation-rabbit LC50 800 mg/m3/20M Farm Chemicals Handbook. Vol. -, Pg. C72, 1991.
inhalation-rat LC50 14400 ppb/4H LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES Nippon Noyaku Gakkaishi. Journal of the Pesticide Science Society of Japan. Vol. 16, Pg. 63, 1991.
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Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | herbicides / pesticides |
| Recommendation for chloropicrin usage levels up to: | | | not for fragrance use.
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| Recommendation for chloropicrin flavor usage levels up to: |
| | not for flavor use.
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Safety References:
References:
Other Information:
| (IUPAC): | Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf) |
| Videos: | The Periodic Table of Videos |
| tgsc: | Atomic Weights use for this web site |
| (IUPAC): | Periodic Table of the Elements |
| CHEBI: | View |
| CHEMBL: | View |
| KEGG (GenomeNet): | C18445 |
| HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database): | Search |
| MedlinePlusSupp: | View |
| ChemSpider: | View |
| Wikipedia: | View |
Formulations/Preparations: •brom-o-gas, bromo-o-sol, terr-o-gas; rootect oil (with dcip) discontinued
•dowfume mc-33 fumigant: active ingredients 67.0% methyl bromide & 33.0% chloropicrin.
•m-b-r 75: active ingredients 75.0% methyl bromide & 25.0% chloropicrin.
•chlor-o-pic: active ingredient 99.0% chloropicrin.
•terr-o-gas 70 preplant soil fumigant: active ingredients 70.0% methyl bromide & 30.0% chloropicrin.
•terr-o-gas 98: active ingredients 98.0% methyl bromide & 2.0% chloropicrin.
•terr-o-gas 45: active ingredients 45.0% methyl bromide & 55.0% chloropicrin.
•terr-o-gas 67: active ingredients 67.0% methyl bromide & 33.0% chloropicrin.
•terr-o-gas 33 preplant soil fumigant: active ingredients 33.0% methyl bromide & 67.0% chloropicrin.
•terr-o-gas 57 preplant soil fumigant: active ingredients 57.0% methyl bromide & 43.0% chloropicrin.
•glc terr-o-gas 75 preplant soil fumigant: active ingredients 75.0% methyl bromide & 25.0% chloropicrin.
•terr-o-gas 80: active ingredients 80.0% methyl bromide & 20.0% chloropicrin.
•terr-o-gas 50: active ingredients 50.0% methyl bromide & 50.0% chloropicrin.
•67-33: active ingredients 67.0% methyl bromide & 33.0% chloropicrin.
•chloropicrin: active ingredient 99.0% chloropicrin.
•chloropicrin technical grade: active ingredient 99.0% chloropicrin.
•chloropicrin 100 fumigant: active ingredient 99.0% chloropicrin.
•pic-brom 33: active ingredients 67.0% methyl bromide & 33.0% chloropicrin.
•pic-brom 55: active ingredients 45.0% methyl bromide & 54.7% chloropicrin.
•pic-brom 43: active ingredients 56.6% methyl bromide & 43.0% chloropicrin.
•pic clor 60: active ingredients 39.0% 1,3-dichloropropene & 59.4% chloropicrin.
•pic-brom 50: active ingredients 50.0% methyl bromide & 50.0% chloropicrin.
•pic brom 25: active ingredients 75.0% methyl bromide & 25.0% chloropicrin.
•pic-brom 67: active ingredients 33.0% methyl bromide & 67.0% chloropicrin.
•pic-clor 15: active ingredients 82.9% 1,3-dichloropropene & 14.8% chloropicrin.
•pic-clor 30: active ingredients 68.2% 1,3-dichloropropene & 29.7% chloropicrin.
•pic-chlor 40 ec: active ingredients 55.6% 1,3-dichloropropene & 37.8% chloropicrin.
•pic-clor 60 ec: active ingredients 37.1% 1,3-dichloropropene & 56.7% chloropicrin.
•67-33 preplant soil fumigation: active ingredients 67.0% methyl bromide & 33.0% chloropicrin.
•75-25 preplant soil fumigant: active ingredients 75.0% methyl bromide & 25.0% chloropicrin.
•50-50 preplant soil fumigant: active ingredients 50.0% methyl bromide & 50.0% chloropicrin.
•57-43 preplant soil fumigant: active ingredients 57.0% methyl bromide & 43.0% chloropicrin.
•metapicrin: active ingredient 100.0% chloropicrin.
•80-20 preplant soil fumigant: active ingredients 80.0% methyl bromide & 20.0% chloropicrin.
•mbc-33 soil fumigant: active ingredients 67.0% methyl bromide & 33.0% chloropicrin.
•hd-pic fumigant: active ingredient 96.5% chloropicrin.
•pic plus fumigant: active ingredient 85.5% chloropicrin.
•tri-con 5743 preplant soil fumigant: active ingredients 57.0% methyl bromide & 42.6% chloropicrin.
•tri-con 6733: active ingredients 67.0% methyl bromide & 32.7% chloropicrin.
•tri-con 7525: active ingredients 75.0% methyl bromide & 24.8% chloropicrin.
•tri-con 5050: active ingredients 50.0% methyl bromide & 50.0% chloropicrin.
•tri-con 4555: active ingredients 45.0% methyl bromide & 54.5% chloropicrin.
•tri-form 4060: active ingredients 37.6% 1,3-dichloropropene & 60.0% chloropicrin.
•telone c-15: active ingredients 82.9% 1,3-dichloropropene & 14.8% chloropicrin.
•tri-form 30: active ingredients 68.2% 1,3-dichloropropene & 29.7% chloropicrin.
•tri-form 35: active ingredients 63.4% 1,3-dichloropropene & 34.6% chloropicrin.
•reddick pic-c100: active ingredient 99.0% chloropicrin.
•reddick bro-mean c-2r: active ingredients 98.0% methyl bromide & 2.0% chloropicrin.
•reddick bro-mean c-33: active ingredients 67.0% methyl bromide & 33.0% chloropicrin.
•tri-con 8020: active ingredients 80.0% methyl bromide & 19.8% chloropicrin.
•tri-clor fumigant: active ingredient 99.0% chloropicrin.
•tri-clor ec fumigant: active ingredient 94.0% chloropicrin.
•trical technical chloropicrin: active ingredient 99.4% chloropicrin.
•chloropicrin: active ingredient 99.3% chloropicrin.
•ashta gold: active ingredient 99.3% chloropicrin.
•telone c-17: active ingredients 81.2% 1,3-dichloropropene & 16.5% chloropicrin.
•telone c-35: active ingredients 63.4% 1,3-dichloropropene & 34.7% chloropicrin.
•inline: active ingredients 60.8% 1,3-dichloropropene & 33.3% chloropicrin.
•tm-42503: active ingredients 25.0% methane, iodo- (11) & 75.0% chloropicrin.
•tm-442: active ingredient 99.0% chloropicrin.
•midas 50:50: active ingredients 50.0% methane, iodo- (11) & 50.0% chloropicrin.
•midas ec bronze: active ingredients 50.0% methane, iodo- (11) & 45.0% chloropicrin.
•midas 33:67: active ingredients 33.0% methane, iodo- (11) & 67.0% chloropicrin.
•midas ec gold: active ingredients 33.0% methane, iodo- (11) & 62.0% chloropicrin.
•nutrapic: active ingredient 99.0% chloropicrin.
•timberfume ii: active ingredient 98.2% chloropicrin.
•osmose timberfume: active ingredient 99.0% chloropicrin.
•tear agent chloroacetophenone and chloropicrin in chloroform (cns): chloroacetophenone (cn; c6h5coch2cl; 23%), chloropicrin (ps; c(no2)cl3; 38.4%), chloroform (chcl3; 38.4%)
•chloropicrin end-use fumigant products are packaged as 100% chloropicrin formulations as well as in combination formulations with methyl bromide and telone. chloropicrin is also projected to be combined with iodomethane and dimethyl disulfide . in these combination end-use products, the percent active ingredient for chloropicrin can range from 20 to 55% when combined with methyl bromide and from 15 to 60% when combined with telone. chloropicrin is also used as a warning agent when it is added at 2% or less by weight to methyl bromide (for preplant soil fumigation) formulations. ...
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Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| | aquinite | | | chlorpikrin | | | dojyopicrin | | | larvacide | | | methane, trichloronitro- | | | nitrochloroform | | | nitrotrichloromethane | | | picride | | | timberfume | | | trichloro-nitromethane | | | trichloro(nitro)methane | | | trichloronitromethane | | 1,1,1- | trichloronitromethane |
Articles:
| PubMed: | To add or not to add: The use of quenching agents for the analysis of disinfection by-products in water samples. |
| PubMed: | Coupling digestion in a pilot-scale UASB reactor and electrochemical oxidation over BDD anode to treat diluted cheese whey. |
| PubMed: | Sequential treatment of diluted olive pomace leachate by digestion in a pilot scale UASB reactor and BDD electrochemical oxidation. |
| PubMed: | Sensitive and comprehensive detection of chemical warfare agents in air by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization ion trap tandem mass spectrometry with counterflow introduction. |
| PubMed: | Evaluation of chloropicrin as a soil fumigant against Ralstonia solanacarum in ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) production in China. |
| PubMed: | Chloropicrin-induced toxic responses in human lung epithelial cells. |
| PubMed: | Nano-silver in drinking water and drinking water sources: stability and influences on disinfection by-product formation. |
| PubMed: | Examination of disinfection by-product (DBP) formation in source waters: a study using log-transformed differential spectra. |
| PubMed: | Quantification of Fusarium oxysporum in fumigated soils by a newly developed real-time PCR assay to assess the efficacy of fumigants for Fusarium wilt disease in strawberry plants. |
| PubMed: | DBP formation in hot and cold water across a simulated distribution system: effect of incubation time, heating time, pH, chlorine dose, and incubation temperature. |
| PubMed: | Degradation kinetics and chloropicrin formation during aqueous chlorination of dinoseb. |
| PubMed: | Changes and recovery of soil bacterial communities influenced by biological soil disinfestation as compared with chloropicrin-treatment. |
| PubMed: | Emissions from soil fumigation in two raised bed production systems tarped with low permeability films. |
| PubMed: | Dissipation of soil fumigants from soil following repeated applications. |
| PubMed: | Intracellular organic matter from cyanobacteria as a precursor for carbonaceous and nitrogenous disinfection byproducts. |
| PubMed: | Spatio-temporal variability of non-regulated disinfection by-products within a drinking water distribution network. |
| PubMed: | Development of biological soil disinfestations in Japan. |
| PubMed: | Disinfection byproduct formation from chlorination of pure bacterial cells and pipeline biofilms. |
| PubMed: | Effect of films on 1,3-dichloropropene and chloropicrin emission, soil concentration, and root-knot nematode control in a raised bed. |
| PubMed: | Kinetics and mechanisms of pH-dependent degradation of halonitromethanes by UV photolysis. |
| PubMed: | Emission and transport of 1,3-dichloropropene and chloropicrin in a large field tarped with VaporSafe TIF. |
| PubMed: | Emission and distribution of fumigants as affected by soil moistures in three different textured soils. |
| PubMed: | Quantification of the effects of various soil fumigation treatments on nitrogen mineralization and nitrification in laboratory incubation and field studies. |
| PubMed: | The effect of inorganic precursors on disinfection byproduct formation during UV-chlorine/chloramine drinking water treatment. |
| PubMed: | Evaluation of chloropicrin gelatin capsule formulation as a soil fumigant for greenhouse strawberry in China. |
| PubMed: | Mitigating 1,3-dichloropropene, chloropicrin, and methyl iodide emissions from fumigated soil with reactive film. |
| PubMed: | Chloropicrin induces endoplasmic reticulum stress in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. |
| PubMed: | [Investigation on the levels of carbon-, nitrogen-, iodine-containing disinfection by-products in a water plant in Jiangsu province, China]. |
| PubMed: | Trade-offs in disinfection byproduct formation associated with precursor preoxidation for control of N-nitrosodimethylamine formation. |
| PubMed: | Concentrations and correlations of disinfection by-products in municipal drinking water from an exposure assessment perspective. |
| PubMed: | Precursors and nitrogen origins of trichloronitromethane and dichloroacetonitrile during chlorination/chloramination. |
| PubMed: | Iodine bonding stabilizes iodomethane in MIDAS pesticide. Theoretical study of intermolecular interactions between iodomethane and chloropicrin. |
| PubMed: | [Toxicity and bioactivity of several alternative nematocides against Ditylenchus destructor]. |
| PubMed: | Ozone-biological activated carbon integrated treatment for removal of precursors of halogenated nitrogenous disinfection by-products. |
| PubMed: | Subsurface drip application of alternative fumigants to methyl bromide for controlling nematodes in replanted grapevines. |
| PubMed: | [Chlorination byproducts formation potentials of typical nitrogenous organic compounds in water]. |
| PubMed: | Coupling field observations, soil modeling, and air dispersion algorithms to estimate 1,3-dichloropropene and chloropicrin flux and exposure. |
| PubMed: | Chloropicrin emissions after shank injection: two-dimensional analytical and numerical model simulations of different source methods and field measurements. |
| PubMed: | A standardized approach for estimating the permeability of plastic films to soil fumigants under various field and environmental conditions. |
| PubMed: | Improved soil fumigation by Telone C35 using carbonation. |
| PubMed: | Soil fate of agricultural fumigants in raised-bed, plasticulture systems in the southeastern United States. |
| PubMed: | Field evaluation of a new plastic film (vapor safe) to reduce fumigant emissions and improve distribution in soil. |
| PubMed: | Drip application of methyl bromide alternative chemicals for control of soilborne pathogens and weeds. |
| PubMed: | Determination of halonitromethanes in treated water. |
| PubMed: | Impact of UV disinfection combined with chlorination/chloramination on the formation of halonitromethanes and haloacetonitriles in drinking water. |
| PubMed: | Changes in microorganisms populations in the soil after fumigation. |
| PubMed: | Lateral movement of soil fumigants 1,3-dichloropropene and chloropicrin from treated agricultural fields. |
| PubMed: | [Inquries concerning chloropicrin poisoning of agricultural worker in JPIC]. |
| PubMed: | Spatial and temporal evaluations of disinfection by-products in drinking water distribution systems in Beijing, China. |
| PubMed: | Effects of reduced-rate methyl bromide applications under conventional and virtually impermeable plastic film in perennial crop field nurseries. |
| PubMed: | Sensory detection and responses to toxic gases: mechanisms, health effects, and countermeasures. |
| PubMed: | 1,3-dichloropropene and chloropicrin emissions following simulated drip irrigation to raised beds under plastic films. |
| PubMed: | Gas-phase distribution and emission of chloropicrin applied in gelatin capsules to soil columns. |
| PubMed: | Community exposure following a drip-application of chloropicrin. |
| PubMed: | Effects of midas® on nematodes in commercial floriculture production in Florida. |
| PubMed: | Nitrogenous disinfection byproducts formation and nitrogen origin exploration during chloramination of nitrogenous organic compounds. |
| PubMed: | Halonitromethanes formation in wastewater treatment plant effluents. |
| PubMed: | Capsaicinoids, chloropicrin and sulfur mustard: possibilities for exposure biomarkers. |
| PubMed: | Spot fumigation: fumigant gas dispersion and emission characteristics. |
| PubMed: | Interactive effect of organic amendment and environmental factors on degradation of 1,3-dichloropropene and chloropicrin in soil. |
| PubMed: | Illnesses associated with chloropicrin use in California agriculture, 1992-2003. |
| PubMed: | Laboratory assessment of emission reduction strategies for the agricultural fumigants 1,3-dichloropropene and chloropicrin. |
| PubMed: | Nitrogen enriched dissolved organic matter (DOM) isolates and their affinity to form emerging disinfection by-products. |
| PubMed: | Effects of manure and water applications on 1,3-dichloropropene and chloropicrin emissions in a field trial. |
| PubMed: | To what extent are soil amendments useful to control Verticillium wilt? |
| PubMed: | [Risk management of mass disaster induced by chloropicrin]. |
| PubMed: | Nitrosamine, dimethylnitramine, and chloropicrin formation during strong base anion-exchange treatment. |
| PubMed: | Genotoxic evaluation of two halonitromethane disinfection by-products in the Drosophila wing-spot test. |
| PubMed: | Genotoxicity analysis of two halonitromethanes, a novel group of disinfection by-products (DBPs), in human cells treated in vitro. |
| PubMed: | Application of different analytical methods for determination of volatile chlorination by-products in drinking water. |
| PubMed: | Use of a Nitrate-Nonutilizing Mutant and Selective Media to Examine Population Dynamics of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. spinaciae in Soil. |
| PubMed: | Biological approaches for control of root pathogens of strawberry. |
| PubMed: | Application of alternative fumigants through drip irrigation systems. |
| PubMed: | Status of chemical alternatives to methyl bromide for pre-plant fumigation of soil. |
| PubMed: | Multivariate analysis of toxicological and environmental properties of soil nematicides. |
| PubMed: | Field tests of surface seals and soil treatments to reduce fumigant emissions from shank injection of Telone C35. |
| PubMed: | Systemic fluoride poisoning and death from inhalational exposure to sulfuryl fluoride. |
| PubMed: | Soil chamber method for determination of drip-applied fumigant behavior in bed-furrow agriculture: application to chloropicrin. |
| PubMed: | Comparison of surface emissions and subsurface distribution of cis- and trans-1,3-dichloropropene and chloropicrin in sandy field beds covered with four different plastic films. |
| PubMed: | Method for quantifying nitromethane in blood as a potential biomarker of halonitromethane exposure. |
| PubMed: | Effect of plastic tarps over raised-beds and potassium thiosulfate in furrows on chloropicrin emissions from drip fumigated fields. |
| PubMed: | Combinations of reduced rates of 1,3-dichloropropene and dazomet as a broad spectrum soil fumigation strategy in view of methyl bromide replacement. |
| PubMed: | Evaluation of fumigation and surface seal methods on fumigant emissions in an orchard replant field. |
| PubMed: | Correlations between organic matter properties and DBP formation during chloramination. |
| PubMed: | Degradation of trichloronitromethane by iron water main corrosion products. |
| PubMed: | Effect of application timing and method on efficacy and phytotoxicity of 1,3-D, chloropicrin and metam-sodium combinations in squash plasticulture. |
| PubMed: | Effect of drip application of ammonium thiosulfate on fumigant degradation in soil columns. |
| PubMed: | Dissolved organic nitrogen as a precursor for chloroform, dichloroacetonitrile, N-nitrosodimethylamine, and trichloronitromethane. |
| PubMed: | Effects of injection systems and plastic mulches on distribution and emissions of cis- and trans-1,3-dichloropropene and chloropicrin. |
| PubMed: | Characterization of disinfection byproduct precursors based on hydrophobicity and molecular size. |
| PubMed: | Measuring flux of soil fumigants using the aerodynamic and dynamic flux chamber methods. |
| PubMed: | Free radical chemistry of disinfection byproducts. 2. Rate constants and degradation mechanisms of trichloronitromethane (chloropicrin). |
| PubMed: | Transfer and Development of Pasteuria penetrans. |
| PubMed: | Health risks by bromomethane and other toxic gases in import cargo ship containers. |
| PubMed: | Emission, distribution and leaching of methyl isothiocyanate and chloropicrin under different surface containments. |
| PubMed: | Factors affecting formation of haloacetonitriles, haloketones, chloropicrin and cyanogen halides during chloramination. |
| PubMed: | Surface seals reduce 1,3-dichloropropene and chloropicrin emissions in field tests. |
| PubMed: | Dehalogenation of halogenated fumigants by polysulfide salts. |
| PubMed: | Kinetic and microscopic studies of reductive transformations of organic contaminants on goethite. |
| PubMed: | Time-dependent infrared emission following photodissociation of nitromethane and chloropicrin. |
| PubMed: | Dechlorination of chloropicrin and 1,3-dichloropropene by hydrogen sulfide species: redox and nucleophilic substitution reactions. |
| PubMed: | Bacterial oxidation of methyl bromide in fumigated agricultural soils. |
| PubMed: | Root-knot nematode management in double-cropped plasticulture vegetables. |
| PubMed: | [Application of NeedlEx to the analysis of chemical weapons--1st report: chloropicrin]. |
| PubMed: | Fumigant distribution in forest nursery soils under water seal and plastic film after application of dazomet, metam-sodium and chloropicrin. |
| PubMed: | Degradation of chloropicrin in the presence of zero-valent iron. |
| PubMed: | Effects of application methods and plastic covers on distribution of cis- and trans-1,3-dichloropropene and chloropicrin in root zone. |
| PubMed: | Disinfection by-products and microbial contamination in the treatment of pool water with granular activated carbon. |
| PubMed: | Physical, chemical and environmental properties of selected chemical alternatives for the pre-plant use of methyl bromide as soil fumigant. |
| PubMed: | Effects of application strategies of fumigant and nonfumigant nematicides on cantaloupe grown in deep sand soils in Florida. |
| PubMed: | Degradation of methyl isothiocyanate and chloropicrin in forest nursery soils. |
| PubMed: | Mass spectral analysis of chloropicrin under negative ion chemical ionization conditions. |
| PubMed: | Incompatibility of metam sodium with halogenated fumigants. |
| PubMed: | Movement and biological activity of drip-applied 1,3-dichloropropene and chloropicrin in raised mulched beds in the southeastern USA. |
| PubMed: | Effect of combined application of methyl isothiocyanate and chloropicrin on their transformation. |
| PubMed: | Persistence, distribution, and emission of Telone C35 injected into a Florida sandy soil as affected by moisture, organic matter, and plastic film cover. |
| PubMed: | Illness associated with drift of chloropicrin soil fumigant into a residential area--Kern County, California, 2003. |
| PubMed: | Enrichment and molecular characterization of chloropicrin- and metam-sodium-degrading microbial communities. |
| PubMed: | Fumigation toxicity of volatile natural and synthetic cyanohydrins to stored-product pests and activity as soil fumigants. |
| PubMed: | Chemical alternatives for soil fumigation with methyl bromide on tobacco seedbeds in nematode and weed control. |
| PubMed: | [Gas chromatographic isolation of chloropicrin in drinking water]. |
| PubMed: | Transformation of chloropicrin and 1,3-dichloropropene by metam sodium in a combined application of fumigants. |
| PubMed: | Fumigant combinations for Cyperus esculentum L control. |
| PubMed: | Brief report: exposure to tear gas from a theft-deterrent device on a safe--Wisconsin, December 2003. |
| PubMed: | The occurrence of disinfection by-products in the drinking water of Athens, Greece. |
| PubMed: | Leaching potential of persistent soil fumigant residues. |
| PubMed: | [A case of chloropicrin detection by purge and trap gas chromatography/mass spectrometry]. |
| PubMed: | Competitive degradation between the fumigants chloropicrin and 1,3-dichloropropene in unamended and amended soils. |
| PubMed: | Development of alternative strategies for management of soilborne pathogens currently controlled with methyl bromide. |
| PubMed: | Formation and extraction of persistent fumigant residues in soils. |
| PubMed: | Soil fumigation with chloropicrin in Italy: experimental results on melon, eggplant and tomato. |
| PubMed: | [A case of fatal chloropicrine poisoning induced by ingestion]. |
| PubMed: | Formation of organic by-products during chlorination of natural waters. |
| PubMed: | Organic matter effects on phase partition of 1,3-dichloropropene in soil. |
| PubMed: | Community exposures to airborne agricultural pesticides in California: ranking of inhalation risks. |
| PubMed: | Application of central composite design in the optimisation of thermal desorption parameters for the trace level determination of the chemical warfare agent chloropicrin. |
| PubMed: | Hydrogen abstraction and decomposition of bromopicrin and other trihalogenated disinfection byproducts by GC/MS. |
| PubMed: | The impact of bromide on the formation of neutral and acidic disinfection by-products (DBPs) in Mediterranean chlorinated drinking water. |
| PubMed: | Simple polynomial multiplication algorithms for exact conditional tests of linearity in a logistic model. |
| PubMed: | Effect of environmental conditions on the permeability of high density polyethylene film to fumigant vapors. |
| PubMed: | Glucosinolate breakdown products as insect fumigants and their effect on carbon dioxide emission of insects. |
| PubMed: | Ascorbic acid treatment to reduce residual halogen-based oxidants prior to the determination of halogenated disinfection byproducts in potable water. |
| PubMed: | Retrospective identification of chemical warfare agents by high-temperature automatic thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed: | A study on the distribution of chlorination by-products (CBPs) in treated water in Korea. |
| PubMed: | Impact of fumigants on soil microbial communities. |
| PubMed: | Disinfection by-products and volatile organic compounds in the water supply system in Athens, Greece. |
| PubMed: | Transformation of chlorinated aliphatic compounds by ferruginous smectite. |
| PubMed: | Volatility, Adsorption, and Degradation of Propargyl Bromide as a Soil Fumigant. |
| PubMed: | Analytical methods for water disinfection byproducts in foods and beverages. |
| PubMed: | Control of Paratrichodorus allius and Corky Ringspot Disease of Potato in the Columbia Basin of Oregon. |
| PubMed: | Control of Meloidogyne chitwoodi in Potato with Fumigant and Nonfumigant Nematicides. |
| PubMed: | Rate response of 1,3-dichloropropene for nematode control in spring squash in deep sand soils. |
| PubMed: | Chloropicrin dechlorination in relation to toxic action. |
| PubMed: | Simultaneous determination of halogenated neutral and acidic disinfection by-products in drinking water by closed-loop stripping extraction and capillary gas chromatography. |
| PubMed: | Health hazard evaluation of methyl bromide soil fumigations. |
| PubMed: | Assessment of disinfection by-products in drinking water in Korea. |
| PubMed: | Glutathione activation of chloropicrin in the Salmonella mutagenicity test. |
| PubMed: | Chest wall pain and possible rhabdomyolysis after chloropicrin exposure. A case series. |
| PubMed: | Management of Plant-parasitic Nematodes on Peanut with Selected Nematicides in North Carolina. |
| PubMed: | Enhanced degradation of the volatile fumigant-nematicides 1,3-d and methyl bromide in soil. |
| PubMed: | Chloropicrin: reactions with biological thiols and metabolism in mice. |
| PubMed: | Adaptation of soil solarization to the integrated management of soilborne pests of tomato under humid conditions. |
| PubMed: | Genotoxicity assay of chloral hydrate and chloropicrine. |
| PubMed: | Ten and ninety-day toxicity studies of chloropicrin in Sprague-Dawley rats. |
| PubMed: | Reduction of phytoparasitic nematodes on tomato by soil solarization and genotype. |
| PubMed: | Effects of fumigant nematicides on yield and quality of paste tomatoes grown in southwestern ontario. |
| PubMed: | Effects of Nematicides and Cuitivars on Rotylenchulus reniformis and Flue-cured Tobacco Yield. |
| PubMed: | Effects of soil fumigants and aldicarb on nematodes, tuber quality, and yield in potato. |
| PubMed: | Effects of soil fumigants and aldicarb on corky ringspot disease and trichodorid nematodes in potato. |
| PubMed: | Spring or Fall Fumigation for Control of Meloidogyne spp. on Tobacco. |
| PubMed: | Soil fumigation: principles and application technology. |
| PubMed: | Activation of promutagenic chemicals by Streptomyces griseus containing cytochrome P-450soy. |
| PubMed: | [Symptoms of acute inhalation lesions caused by trichloronitromethane]. |
| PubMed: | Preparation for human study of pesticide applicators: sister chromatid exchanges and chromosome aberrations in cultured human lymphocytes exposed to selected fumigants. |
| PubMed: | An improperly labeled container with chloropicrin: a farmer's nightmare. |
| PubMed: | Direct capillary trapping and gas chromatographic analysis of bromomethane and other highly volatile air pollutants. |
| PubMed: | Influence of aldicarb on the growth and yield of tobacco. |
| PubMed: | Rapid determination of fumigant and industrial chemical residues in food. |
| PubMed: | [Comparative evaluation of gas chromatographic and photometric methods for determining chloropicrin in water]. |
| PubMed: | Determining multifumigants in whole grains and legumes, milled and low-fat grain products, spices, citrus fruit, and beverages. |
| PubMed: | Acute symptoms in persons residing near a field treated with the soil fumigants methyl bromide and chloropicrin. |
| PubMed: | A case of homicidal intoxication by chloropicrin. |
| PubMed: | [Mutagenicity of aliphatic and aromatic nitro compounds. Industrial materials and related compounds]. |
| PubMed: | Chloropicrin toxicity involving animal and human exposure. |
| PubMed: | Chloropicrin formation during oxidative treatments in the preparation of drinking water. |
| PubMed: | Biodehalogenation: reactions of cytochrome P-450 with polyhalomethanes. |
| PubMed: | Respiratory tract lesions induced by sensory irritants at the RD50 concentration. |
| PubMed: | [Determination of residual trichloronitromethane in the air and in Chinese drugs]. |
| PubMed: | Gas chromatographic determination of fumigant residues in stored grains, using isooctane partitioning and dual column packings. |
| PubMed: | Effects of film mulch and soil pesticides on nematodes, weeds, and yields of vegetable crops. |
| PubMed: | Effects of one and two applications of nematicides on nematode populations and soybean yields. |
| PubMed: | Dispersion, Dissipation, and Efficacy of Methyl Bromide-Chloropicrin Gas vs. Gel Formulations on Nematodes and Weeds in Tifton Sandy Loam. |
| PubMed: | Chemical Control of Nematodes and Soil-borne Plant-Pathogenic Fungi on Cabbage Tranplants. |
| PubMed: | Bioassay of chloropicrin for possible carcinogenicity. |
| PubMed: | Effects of management practices on nematode and fungi populations and okra yield. |
| PubMed: | The treatment of soil infested with the human whipworm, Trichuris trichiura. |
| PubMed: | The adsorption of chloropicrin by carbon filters: characterisation of the breakthrough curves. |
| PubMed: | Preplant fumigation for citrus nematode control in Florida. |
| PubMed: | Pinto Bean Yield Increased by Chemical Control of Pratylenchus spp. |
| PubMed: | [Hygienic evaluation of the working conditions during chloropicrin treatment of grain]. |
| PubMed: | [Trial of chloropicrin and hexachlorane for control of burrow sandflies]. |
| PubMed: | [A study of chloropicrin intoxication]. |
| PubMed: | THE CONTROL OF TRICHOSTRONGYLE LARVAE (NEMATODA) BY FUMIGATION IN RELATION TO THEIR BIONOMICS. II. LABORATORY TOXICITY TESTS WITH METHYL BROMIDE. |
| PubMed: | [POISONING BY CARBON MONOXIDE, HYDROCYANIC ACID AND IRRITANT GAS]. |
| PubMed: | Relative depletion of lung histamine in experimental pulmonary oedema induced by chloropicrin and vagotomy. |
| PubMed: | [Role of the adrenal gland in the mechanism of the inhibiting effect of lobeline in chloropicrin induced pulmonary edema]. |
| PubMed: | [Development of stenosis of the larynx and of subcutaneous emphysema following chloropicrin poisoning]. |
| PubMed: | [Ligature of the inferior vena cava in acute pulmonary congestion from chloropicrin]. |
| PubMed: | Effect of chlorprophenpyridamine on pulmonary edema produced by adrenaline and chloropicrin in rabbits. |
| PubMed: | [Action of chloropicrin on ribonuclease]. |
| PubMed: | [The action of some dehydrogenated alkaloids of spurred rye on the acute experimental pulmonary edema caused by chloropicrin]. |
| PubMed: | [Chloropicrin as a diabetogenic substance in the guinea pig]. |
| PubMed: | [Photochemical transformation of chloropicrin into phosgene; case of collective poisoning due to this reaction]. |
| PubMed: | [Antibacterial activity of aliphatic halogen derivatives, particularly chloropicrin and bromopicrin; contribution to the study of their mechanism of action]. |
| PubMed: | [Technic for extermination of rats on ships with chloropicrin]. |
| PubMed: | [Influence of pH on the inhibition of muscular phosphorylase in the rat by chloropicrine]. |
| PubMed: | [Photochemical transformation of chloropicrin into phosgene. II. A case of group poisoning due to this reaction]. |
| PubMed: | [Photochemical transformation of chloropicrin into phosgene. I. New sensitive and specific reagents for these two substances]. |
| PubMed: | [Not Available]. |
| PubMed: | [Not Available]. |
| PubMed: | [Not available]. |
| PubMed: | EFFECT OF CHLOROPICRIN IN THE SOIL SOLUTION ON PLANT GROWTH. |
| PubMed: | EXPERIMENTAL GENERALIZED ANALGESIA AFTER EXPOSURE TO SOME WAR GASES. |
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