azinphos-methyl
3-(dimethoxyphosphinothioylsulfanylmethyl)-1,2,3-benzotriazin-4-one
 
Notes:
an organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor. it has been used as an acaricide and as an insecticide.
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CAS Number: 86-50-0Picture of molecule3D/inchi
Other: 54182-73-9
ECHA EINECS - REACH Pre-Reg: 201-696-0
FDA UNII: 265842EWUV
Nikkaji Web: J4.261G
Beilstein Number: 0280476
MDL: MFCD00041814
XlogP3: 2.80 (est)
Molecular Weight: 317.32800200
Formula: C10 H12 N3 O3 P S2
BioActivity Summary: listing
NMR Predictor: Predict (works with chrome or firefox)
Category: herbicides / pesticides
 
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
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Physical Properties:
Appearance: colorless brown or white waxy crystalline solid (est)
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00 % 
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Melting Point: 73.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 421.30 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Flash Point: 407.00 °F. TCC ( 208.60 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): 2.750
Soluble in:
 water, 20.9 mg/L @ 20 °C (exp)
 water, 43.54 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
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Organoleptic Properties:
 
Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found).
 
 
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Cosmetic Information:
None found
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Suppliers:
Santa Cruz Biotechnology
For experimental / research use only.
Azinphos-methyl
Sigma-Aldrich
For experimental / research use only.
Azinphos-methyl PESTANAL®, analytical standard
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Safety Information:
Preferred SDS: View
 
Hazards identification
 
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
 
Pictogram
 
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
oral-bird - wild LD50  8500 ug/kg
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 21, Pg. 315, 1972.

oral-chicken LD50  277 mg/kg
PERIPHERAL NERVE AND SENSATION: FLACCID PARALYSIS WITHOUT ANESTHESIA (USUALLY NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKAGE) BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 11, Pg. 49, 1967.

oral-dog LD50  10 mg/kg
Pesticide Manual. Vol. 9, Pg. 46, 1991.

oral-duck LD50  136 mg/kg
Down to Earth. Vol. 35, Pg. 25, 1979.

intraperitoneal-guinea pig LD50  40 mg/kg
GASTROINTESTINAL: CHANGES IN STRUCTURE OR FUNCTION OF SALIVARY GLANDS BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: LACRIMATION: EYE
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 119, Pg. 208, 1957.

oral-guinea pig LD50  80 mg/kg
Pesticide Chemicals Official Compendium, Association of the American Pesticide Control Officials, Inc., 1966. Vol. -, Pg. 570, 1966.

intraperitoneal-mouse LD50  4 mg/kg
Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Vol. 129, Pg. 699, 1968.

oral-mouse LD50  8600 ug/kg
Proceedings of the European Society of Toxicology. Vol. 17, Pg. 292, 1976.

unreported-quail LD50  32200 ug/kg
Farm Chemicals Handbook. Vol. -, Pg. C32, 1991.

intraperitoneal-rat LD50  4900 ug/kg
Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Vol. 114, Pg. 509, 1963.

intravenous-rat LD50  7500 ug/kg
National Technical Information Service. Vol. PB277-077

oral-rat LD50  7 mg/kg
Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. Vol. 13, Pg. 435, 1961.

unreported-rat LD50  15 mg/kg
"Chemistry of Pesticides," Melnikov, N.N., New York, Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., 1971Vol. -, Pg. 371, 1971.

Dermal Toxicity:
skin-guinea pig LD50 > 280 mg/kg
BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE WEAKNESS
Kumamoto Medical Journal. Vol. 12, Pg. 313, 1959.

skin-mouse LD50 65 mg/kg
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE WEAKNESS BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY)
Kumamoto Medical Journal. Vol. 12, Pg. 313, 1959.

skin-rat LD50 88 mg/kg
"Prehled Prumyslove Toxikologie; Organicke Latky," Marhold, J., Prague, Czechoslovakia, Avicenum, 1986Vol. -, Pg. 1182, 1986.

Inhalation Toxicity:
inhalation-rat LC50 69 mg/m3/1H
National Technical Information Service. Vol. PB277-077

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Safety in Use Information:
Category: herbicides / pesticides
Recommendation for azinphos-methyl usage levels up to:
 not for fragrance use.
 
Recommendation for azinphos-methyl flavor usage levels up to:
 not for flavor use.
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Safety References:
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):
Reasoned opinion on the setting of new MRLs for azinphos-methyl in apples and pears
View page or View pdf
EPI System: View
NIOSH International Chemical Safety Cards: search
NIOSH Pocket Guide: search
Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System: Search
Cancer Citations: Search
Toxicology Citations: Search
EPA GENetic TOXicology: Search
EPA ACToR: Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS): Registry
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary : 2268
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: Data
WGK Germany: 3
 3-(dimethoxyphosphinothioylsulfanylmethyl)-1,2,3-benzotriazin-4-one
Chemidplus: 0000086500
EPA/NOAA CAMEO: hazardous materials
RTECS: 86-50-0
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References:
 3-(dimethoxyphosphinothioylsulfanylmethyl)-1,2,3-benzotriazin-4-one
NIST Chemistry WebBook: Search Inchi
Pubchem (cid): 2268
Pubchem (sid): 134971102
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Other Information:
(IUPAC): Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos: The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc: Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC): Periodic Table of the Elements
CHEBI: View
CHEMBL: View
KEGG (GenomeNet): C11018
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database): Search
ChemSpider: View
Wikipedia: View
Formulations/Preparations:
•guthion •spray concn (1.5 and 2.0 lbus gal); 20, 40% wettable powder (bayer); 25%, 50% wettable powder (mobay); emulsifiable concn 20%. •gustion ms, wettable powder (250 g azinphos-methyl + 75 g demeton-s-methyl sulfone) •mixed formulations: (azinophos-methyl +) azinophos-ethyl •azinphos-methyl is available as 5% dusts. •...formulated as a liquid (20% active ingredient) and a wettable powder (20-50% active ingredient). •gusathion •gusathion k •gusathion m •gusathion-20 •gusathion 25 •cotneon •cotnion •cotnion methyl •gusathion methyl •methylgusathion •carfene
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Potential Blenders and core components note
 
None Found
 
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Potential Uses:
None Found
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Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
 not found in nature
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Synonyms:
3-(dimethoxyphosphinothioylsulfanylmethyl)-1,2,3-benzotriazin-4-one
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Articles:
PubMed: Susceptibility in field populations of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), in Ontario and Quebec apple orchards to a selection of insecticides.
PubMed: Comparative assessment of in vitro and in vivo toxicity of azinphos methyl and its commercial formulation.
PubMed: [Exposure pathways to pesticides in schoolchildren in the Province of Talca, Chile].
PubMed: Community air monitoring for pesticides-part 2: multiresidue determination of pesticides in air by gas chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
PubMed: Community air monitoring for pesticides. Part 3: using health-based screening levels to evaluate results collected for a year.
PubMed: Vortex-assisted low density solvent based demulsified dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides in water samples.
PubMed: A sensitive LC-MS/MS method for measurement of organophosphorus pesticides and their oxygen analogs in air sampling matrices.
PubMed: Biomarker responses and morphological effects in juvenile tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus following sequential exposure to the organophosphate azinphos-methyl.
PubMed: Using a hazard quotient to evaluate pesticide residues detected in pollen trapped from honey bees (Apis mellifera) in Connecticut.
PubMed: Cholinesterases and neurotoxicity as highly sensitive biomarkers for an organophosphate insecticide in a freshwater gastropod (Chilina gibbosa) with low sensitivity carboxylesterases.
PubMed: Development and field validation of an indicator to assess the relative mobility and risk of pesticides in the Lourens River catchment, South Africa.
PubMed: Organophosphorous residue in Liza aurata and Cyprinus carpio.
PubMed: The role of plant metabolism in the mutagenic and cytotoxic effects of four organophosphorus insecticides in Salmonella typhimurium and in human cell lines.
PubMed: Cholinesterase and carboxylesterase inhibition in Planorbarius corneus exposed to binary mixtures of azinphos-methyl and chlorpyrifos.
PubMed: Complete removal of the insecticide azinphos-methyl from water by the electro-Fenton method--a kinetic and mechanistic study.
PubMed: Simulated solar light phototransformation of organophosphorus azinphos methyl at the surface of clays and goethite.
PubMed: Acute toxicity and biochemical effects of azinphos methyl in the amphipod Hyalella curvispina.
PubMed: Evaluation of in vitro and in vivo toxic effects of newly synthesized benzimidazole-based organophosphorus compounds.
PubMed: Pesticide application and detection in variable agricultural intensity watersheds and their river systems in the maritime region of Canada.
PubMed: Response of biomarkers in amphibian larvae to in situ exposures in a fruit-producing region in North Patagonia, Argentina.
PubMed: Distribution of pesticides and PCBs in sediments of agricultural drains in the Culiacan Valley, Sinaloa, Mexico.
PubMed: Adding microencapsulated pear ester to insecticides for control of Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in apple.
PubMed: Do workplace and home protective practices protect farm workers? Findings from the "For Healthy Kids" study.
PubMed: Study on the effect of chain-length compatibility of mixed anionic-cationic surfactants on the cloud-point extraction of selected organophosphorus pesticides.
PubMed: Geographic variability in response to azinphos-methyl in field-collected populations of Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) from Argentina.
PubMed: Evolution of insecticide resistance in non-target black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Argentina.
PubMed: Membrane bioreactor treatment of commonly used organophosphate pesticides.
PubMed: Enhancement of anti-cholinesterase activity of aqueous samples by hypochlorite oxidation for monitoring traces of organophosphorus pesticides in water.
PubMed: Binary mixtures of azinphos-methyl oxon and chlorpyrifos oxon produce in vitro synergistic cholinesterase inhibition in Planorbarius corneus.
PubMed: In vivo studies on inhibition and recovery of B-esterase activities in Biomphalaria glabrata exposed to azinphos-methyl: analysis of enzyme, substrate and tissue dependence.
PubMed: Development and validation of a simple GC-MS method for the simultaneous determination of 11 anticholinesterase pesticides in blood--clinical and forensic toxicology applications.
PubMed: Transcriptional response of zebrafish embryos exposed to neurotoxic compounds reveals a muscle activity dependent hspb11 expression.
PubMed: An approach to an inhibition electronic tongue to detect on-line organophosphorus insecticides using a computer controlled multi-commuted flow system.
PubMed: Toxic effects of pentachlorophenol, azinphos-methyl and chlorpyrifos on the development of Paracentrotus lividus embryos.
PubMed: Acute and sublethal effects of sequential exposure to the pesticide azinphos-methyl on juvenile earthworms (Eisenia andrei).
PubMed: Absorption of current use pesticides by snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina) eggs in treated soil.
PubMed: Pesticide distribution in an agricultural environment in Argentina.
PubMed: Organophosphate pesticide exposure and residential proximity to nearby fields: evidence for the drift pathway.
PubMed: Catanionic surfactant ambient cloud point extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography for simultaneous analysis of organophosphorus pesticide residues in water and fruit juice samples.
PubMed: Detections of eleven organophosphorus insecticides and one herbicide threatening Pacific salmonids, Oncorhynchus spp., in California, 1991-2010.
PubMed: Effects of the organophosphate insecticide azinphos-methyl on the reproduction and cholinesterase activity of Biomphalaria glabrata.
PubMed: Widely used pesticides with previously unknown endocrine activity revealed as in vitro antiandrogens.
PubMed: Pesticide dissipation curves in peach, pear and tomato crops in Uruguay.
PubMed: Where's the dust? Characterizing locations of azinphos-methyl residues in house and vehicle dust among farmworkers with young children.
PubMed: Plum curculio (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) adult mortality and associated fruit injury after exposure to field-aged insecticides on tart cherry branches.
PubMed: Effects of azinphos methyl and carbaryl on Rhinella arenarum larvae esterases and antioxidant enzymes.
PubMed: Evaluation of the toxicity of 17 essential oils against Choristoneura rosaceana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).
PubMed: Cross-resistance between azinphos-methyl and acetamiprid in populations of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), from Washington State.
PubMed: Survey of organophosphorus pesticide residues in virgin olive oils produced in Chile.
PubMed: Susceptibility to organophosphate insecticides and activity of detoxifying enzymes in Spanish populations of Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae).
PubMed: Curative activity of insecticides against plum curculio (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in tart cherries.
PubMed: Earthworm cast production as a new behavioural biomarker for toxicity testing.
PubMed: Application of solid-phase microextraction for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides in textiles by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry.
PubMed: Antimutagenic and antigenotoxic effects of vegetable matrices on the activity of pesticides.
PubMed: Comparing the inhibitory effects of five protoxicant organophosphates (azinphos-methyl, parathion-methyl, chlorpyriphos-methyl, methamidophos and diazinon) on the spontaneously beating auricle of Sparus aurata: an in vitro study.
PubMed: Performance of different work clothing types for reducing skin exposure to pesticides during open field treatment.
PubMed: Seasonal changes of macroinvertebrate communities in a Western cape river, South Africa, receiving nonpoint-source insecticide pollution.
PubMed: Antioxidant responses to azinphos methyl and carbaryl during the embryonic development of the toad Rhinella (Bufo) arenarum Hensel.
PubMed: Dialkylphosphates (DAPs) in fruits and vegetables may confound biomonitoring in organophosphorus insecticide exposure and risk assessment.
PubMed: Development of fluorescence polarization immunoassay for the detection of organophosphorus pesticides parathion and azinphos-methyl.
PubMed: Comparison of the partitioning of pesticides relative to the survival and behaviour of exposed amphipods.
PubMed: Operative modalities and exposure to pesticides during open field treatments among a group of agricultural subcontractors.
PubMed: Suitability of microwave-assisted extraction coupled with solid-phase extraction for organophosphorus pesticide determination in olive oil.
PubMed: Pesticides in the atmosphere across Canadian agricultural regions.
PubMed: Multiclass pesticide determination in olives and their processing factors in olive oil: comparison of different olive oil extraction systems.
PubMed: Effects of azinphos-methyl exposure on enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses in Biomphalaria glabrata and Lumbriculus variegatus.
PubMed: Para niƱos saludables: a community intervention trial to reduce organophosphate pesticide exposure in children of farmworkers.
PubMed: Resistance monitoring in codling moth: a need for standardization.
PubMed: Toxicological and biochemical response to azinphos-methyl in Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) among orchards from the Argentinian Patagonia.
PubMed: Resistance of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), larvae in Michigan to insecticides with different modes of action and the impact on field residual activity.
PubMed: Performance of two monoclonal immunoassays in mixtures of cross-reacting dithiophosphorus pesticides.
PubMed: Effects of postharvest preparation on organophosphate insecticide residues in apples.
PubMed: Preliminary resistance screening on abamectin in pear psylla (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) in northern Italy.
PubMed: Diversity of insecticide resistance mechanisms and spectrum in European populations of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella.
PubMed: Novel life stage targets against plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst), in apple integrated pest management.
PubMed: Muscular and brain cholinesterase sensitivities to azinphos methyl and carbaryl in the juvenile rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss.
PubMed: Evaluation of azinphos-methyl resistance and activity of detoxifying enzymes in codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) from central Chile.
PubMed: Inhibition of rainbow trout acetylcholinesterase by aqueous and suspended particle-associated organophosphorous insecticides.
PubMed: Residual toxicity of two insecticides on three field populations of Lygus lineolaris (Hemiptera: Miridae) collected along the St Lawrence valley in eastern Canada.
PubMed: Differential mutagenic response of Salmonella typhimurium to the plant-metabolized organophosphorus insecticides, phoxim and azinphos methyl.
PubMed: Dermal insecticide residues from birds inhabiting an orchard.
PubMed: Toxicity of azinphos-methyl to various development stages of the codling moth Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae).
PubMed: Laboratory investigation of the toxicity and interaction of pesticide mixtures in Daphnia magna.
PubMed: Photodegradation of organophosphorus insecticides - investigations of products and their toxicity using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and AChE-thermal lens spectrometric bioassay.
PubMed: Survey of carbamate and organophosphorous pesticide export from a south Florida (U.S.A.) agricultural watershed: implications of sampling frequency on ecological risk estimation.
PubMed: Effects of spinosad, spinosad bait, and chloronicotinyl insecticides on mortality and control of adult and larval western cherry fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae).
PubMed: Azinphos methyl residues in shallow groundwater from the fruit production region of northern Patagonia, Argentina.
PubMed: Acetylcholinesterase mutation in an insecticide-resistant population of the codling moth Cydia pomonella (L.).
PubMed: Organophosphate pesticide exposure and work in pome fruit: evidence for the take-home pesticide pathway.
PubMed: Organophosphate pesticide exposure and neurobehavioral performance in agricultural and non-agricultural Hispanic workers.
PubMed: Inhibition of cholinesterase activity by azinphos-methyl in two freshwater invertebrates: Biomphalaria glabrata and Lumbriculus variegatus.
PubMed: Organophosphate levels in apple composites and individual apples from a treated Canadian orchard.
PubMed: Ambient air concentrations of pesticides used in potato cultivation in Prince Edward Island, Canada.
PubMed: Tyrosinase inhibition organic phase biosensor for triazinic and benzotriazinic pesticide analysis (part two).
PubMed: The impact of organophosphate pesticides in orchards on earthworms in the Western Cape, South Africa.
PubMed: Changes in salmonid communities associated with pesticide runoff events.
PubMed: Mitigation of azinphos-methyl in a vegetated stream: comparison of runoff- and spray-drift.
PubMed: The effect of landuse on soil organic carbon chemistry and sorption of pesticides and metabolites.
PubMed: Noninvasive method for the assessment of dermal uptake of pesticides using attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy.
PubMed: Behavioral and sex ratio modification of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) in response to environmentally relevant mixtures of three pesticides.
PubMed: [Determination of soil organic carbon adsorption coefficients of pollutants using soil column liquid chromatography with stepwise adsorption].
PubMed: Different susceptibility of two aquatic vertebrates (Oncorhynchus mykiss and Bufo arenarum) to azinphos methyl and carbaryl.
PubMed: Pesticide pollution remains severe after cleanup of a stockpile of obsolete pesticides at Vikuge, Tanzania.
PubMed: Effects of azinphos-methyl on cholinergic responses and general health in zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) after previous treatment with p,p'-DDE.
PubMed: Effects of insecticides and defoliants applied alone and in combination for control of overwintering boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis; Coleoptera: Curculionidae)--laboratory and field studies.
PubMed: Evaluation of mechanisms of azinphos-methyl resistance in the codling moth Cydia pomonella (L.).
PubMed: Runoff-related agricultural impact in relation to macroinvertebrate communities of the Lourens River, South Africa.
PubMed: Impact of sub-lethal residues of azinphos-methyl on the pheromone-communication systems of insecticide-susceptible and insecticide-resistant obliquebanded leafrollers Choristoneura rosaceana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae).
PubMed: Removal of azinphos methyl by alfalfa plants (Medicago sativa L.) in a soil-free system.
PubMed: Synergism of insecticides provides evidence of metabolic mechanisms of resistance in the obliquebanded leafroller Choristoneura rosaceana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae).
PubMed: A study on the environmental degradation of pesticides azinphos methyl and parathion methyl.
PubMed: Field studies on exposure, effects, and risk mitigation of aquatic nonpoint-source insecticide pollution: a review.
PubMed: Seasonal pesticide use in a rural community on the US/Mexico border.
PubMed: Agricultural task and exposure to organophosphate pesticides among farmworkers.
PubMed: Microsomal transformation of organophosphorus pesticides by white rot fungi.
PubMed: Management of insecticide resistance in Oriental fruit moth (Grapholita molesta; Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) populations from Ontario.
PubMed: Rapid multi-residue method for the determination of azinphos methyl, bromopropylate, chlorpyrifos, dimethoate, parathion methyl and phosalone in apricots and peaches by using negative chemical ionization ion trap technology.
PubMed: Fate and effects of azinphos-methyl in a flow through wetland in South Africa.
PubMed: Effect of pesticide use in fruit production orchards on shallow ground water.
PubMed: Contamination of rural surface and ground water by endosulfan in farming areas of the Western Cape, South Africa.
PubMed: CYP-specific bioactivation of four organophosphorothioate pesticides by human liver microsomes.
PubMed: Mechanisms of resistance to organophosphorus insecticides in populations of the obliquebanded leafroller Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) from southern Ontario.
PubMed: Pesticide content of infant formulae and weaning foods available in New Zealand.
PubMed: Predicting runoff-induced pesticide input in agricultural sub-catchment surface waters: linking catchment variables and contamination.
PubMed: Efficacy of the organic-certified insecticide Diatect II against the boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis) in cotton.
PubMed: Broad-spectrum insecticide resistance in obliquebanded leafroller Choristoneura rosaceana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) from Michigan.
PubMed: Kinetic parameters of OPT pesticide desulfuration by c-DNA expressed human CYPs.
PubMed: Validation of a method for the determination of multiclass pesticide residues in fruit juices by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry after extraction by matrix solid-phase dispersion.
PubMed: Children's exposure to chlorpyrifos and parathion in an agricultural community in central Washington State.
PubMed: Enzyme-linked immunofiltration assay used in the screening of solid supports and immunoreagents for the development of an azinphos-methyl flow immunosensor.
PubMed: Combined effects of predatory fish and sublethal pesticide contamination on the behavior and mortality of mayfly nymphs.
PubMed: DNA-based genotyping techniques for the detection of point mutations associated with insecticide resistance in Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata.
PubMed: Comparison of spray drift- and runoff-related input of azinphos-methyl and endosulfan from fruit orchards into the Lourens River, South Africa.
PubMed: Sex-related response to organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides in adult Oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta.
PubMed: Is attract-and-kill technology potent against insecticide-resistant Lepidoptera?
PubMed: Work characteristics and pesticide exposures among migrant agricultural families: a community-based research approach.
PubMed: Spray deposition of two insecticides into surface waters in a South African orchard area.
PubMed: Effectiveness of a constructed wetland for retention of nonpoint-source pesticide pollution in the Lourens River catchment, South Africa.
PubMed: Degradation of the insecticide azinphos methyl in orange and peach juices during storage at different temperatures.
PubMed: Rainfall-induced sediment and pesticide input from orchards into the Lourens River, Western Cape, South Africa: importance of a single event.
PubMed: Analysis of the additivity of in vitro inhibition of cholinesterase by mixtures of chlorpyrifos-oxon and azinphos-methyl-oxon.
PubMed: Exposure of California quail to organophosphorus insecticides in apple orchards in the Okanagan Valley, British Columbia.
PubMed: Lethal and sublethal effects of insecticide residues on Orius insidiosus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) and Geocoris punctipes (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae).
PubMed: Effects of azinphos-methyl on American robins breeding in fruit orchards.
PubMed: Persistence and distribution of azinphos-methyl following application to littoral enclosure mesocosms.
PubMed: Association of azinphos-methyl with rat erythrocytes and hemoglobin.
PubMed: Reduction of azinphos-methyl, chlorpyrifos, esfenvalerate, and methomyl residues in processed apples.
PubMed: Making best use of available residue data for acute intake assessment.
PubMed: Multiresidue analysis of seventeen pesticides in wine by gas chromatography with mass-selective detection.
PubMed: Stability of organophosphorus insecticides on graphitized carbon black extraction cartridges used for large volumes of surface water.
PubMed: Analysis of pesticide residues in mixed fruit and vegetable extracts by direct sample introduction/gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.
PubMed: Biologically based pesticide dose estimates for children in an agricultural community.
PubMed: Lethal and sublethal effects of selected insecticides and an insect growth regulator on the boll weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) ectoparasitoid Catolaccus grandis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae).
PubMed: Effects of five insecticides used in apple orchards on Hyaliodes vitripennis (Say) (Hemiptera: Miridae).
PubMed: Study of the behaviour of azinphos-methyl in a clay mineral by batch and column leaching.
PubMed: Analysis of pesticide residues in matrices with high lipid contents by membrane separation coupled on-line to a high-performance liquid chromatography system.
PubMed: Pesticide residues on fruits and vegetables from Ontario, Canada, 1991-1995.
PubMed: Rapid kinetic spectrophotometric determination of phosalone (Zolone) in a commercial formulation.
PubMed: Binding capacity of various fibre to pesticide residues under simulated gastrointestinal conditions.
PubMed: Farmworker exposure to organophosphorus pesticide residues during apple thinning in central Washington State.
PubMed: Paraoxonase and acetylcholinesterase activities in humans exposed to organophosphorous compounds.
PubMed: Development of monoclonal ELISAs for azinphos-methyl. 2. Assay optimization and water sample analysis.
PubMed: Development of monoclonal ELISAs for azinphos-methyl. 1. Hapten synthesis and antibody production.
PubMed: Comparison of three methods for assessment of hand exposure to azinphos-methyl (Guthion) during apple thinning.
PubMed: Human semen quality in relation to dietary pesticide exposure and organic diet.
PubMed: Groundwater contamination by azinphos methyl in the northern Patagonic Region (Argentina).
PubMed: The relationship between maternal and fetal effects following maternal organophosphate exposure during gestation in the rat.
PubMed: A field test of the quotient method for predicting risk to Microtus canicaudus in grasslands.
PubMed: Organophosphate and carbamate insecticides in agricultural waters and cholinesterase (ChE) inhibition in common carp (Cyprinus carpio).
PubMed: Effects of dietary azinphos methyl on selected plasma and tissue biomarkers of the gray-tailed vole.
PubMed: Acute and chronic toxicity of azinphos-methyl to two estuarine species, Mysidopsis bahia and Cyprinodon variegatus.
PubMed: Risk factors for systemic illnesses following agricultural exposures to restricted organophosphates in California, 1984-1988.
PubMed: Determination of genotoxicity of the metabolites of the pesticides Guthion, Sencor, Lorox, Reglone, Daconil and Admire by 32P-postlabeling.
PubMed: Human lymphocyte micronucleus genotoxicity test with mixtures of phytochemicals in environmental concentrations.
PubMed: Subchronic neurotoxicity screening studies with six organophosphate insecticides: an assessment of behavior and morphology relative to cholinesterase inhibition.
PubMed: Selective, solid-matrix dispersion extraction of organophosphate pesticide residues from milk.
PubMed: Interspecies variation of "B" esterases in birds: the influence of size and feeding habits.
PubMed: Effect of laundering on ability of glove fabrics to decrease the penetration of organophosphate insecticides through in vitro epidermal systems.
PubMed: Determination of parts per trillion levels of organophosphorus pesticides in groundwater by automated on-line liquid-solid extraction followed by liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry using positive and negative ion modes of operation.
PubMed: Application of internal standard for derivative-spectrophotometric determination of azinphos-methyl in commercial formulations.
PubMed: Effect of pesticide mixtures on in vitro nervous cells: comparison with single pesticides.
PubMed: Passive diffusion through polymeric membranes: a novel cleanup procedure for analysis of azinphos-methyl and azinphos-ethyl residues in fruits and vegetables.
PubMed: Effects of azinphos-methyl on the reproductive success of the bluegill sunfish, Lepomis macrochirus, in littoral enclosures.
PubMed: Long vs. short monitoring intervals for peach harvesters exposed to foliar azinphos-methyl residues.
PubMed: Relationship of aquatic natural organic material characteristics to the toxicity of selected insecticides.
PubMed: Use of microcosm and fish toxicity data to select mesocosm treatment concentrations.
PubMed: Mixtures of benomyl, pirimiphos-methyl, dimethoate, diazinon and azinphos-methyl affect protein synthesis in HL-60 cells differently.
PubMed: Genotoxicity assay of five pesticides and their mixtures in Saccharomyces cerevisiae D7.
PubMed: Comparative toxicity of azinphos-methyl to house mice, laboratory mice, deer mice, and gray-tailed voles.
PubMed: Biological monitoring of exposure to organophosphorus insecticides by assay of urinary alkylphosphates: influence of protective measures during manual operations with treated plants.
PubMed: Evaluation of knit glove fabrics as barriers to dermal absorption of organophosphorus insecticides using an in vitro test system.
PubMed: Safety/risk assessment of pesticides: principles, procedures and examples.
PubMed: Determination of organophosphorous and carbamate insecticides by flow injection analysis.
PubMed: Azinphos-methyl residues in apples and spatial distribution of fluorescein in vase-shaped apple trees.
PubMed: Dialkylphosphorus metabolites in the urine and activities of esterases in the serum as biochemical indices for human absorption of organophosphorus pesticides.
PubMed: [Gas chromatographic determination of azinphos-methyl in imported crops].
PubMed: Identification of organophosphorus insecticides and their hydrolysis products by liquid chromatography in combination with UV and thermospray-mass spectrometric detection.
PubMed: Characteristics of the sorption of chlorothalonil and azinphos-methyl to a soil from a commercial cranberry bog.
PubMed: The role of glutathione in the detoxification of the insecticides methyl parathion and azinphos-methyl in the mouse.
PubMed: Liquid chromatographic method for determination of azinphos-methyl in formulated products: collaborative study.
PubMed: Metabolic activation of the pesticide azinphos-methyl by perfused mouse livers.
PubMed: Collisionally activated decomposition mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry determination of organophosphorus pesticide residues in foods.
PubMed: Evaluation of the genetic activity profiles of 65 pesticides.
PubMed: Estimation of dermal exposure to pesticides and its use in risk assessment.
PubMed: Comparison of high-performance liquid chromatography and anticholinesterase assay for measuring azinphos-methyl metabolism in vitro.
PubMed: Applicability of a carbamate insecticide multiresidue method for determining additional types of pesticides in fruits and vegetables.
PubMed: Acute dermal toxicities of various organophosphate insecticides in mice.
PubMed: Application of a dermal self-exposure model to worker reentry.
PubMed: A survey of azinphos methyl and azinphos methyl oxon in water and blueberry samples from Hancock and Washington counties of Maine.
PubMed: Sister-chromatid exchanges and cell-cycle delay in Chinese hamster V79 cells treated with 9 organophosphorus compounds (8 pesticides and 1 defoliant).
PubMed: High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of azinphos methyl and azinphos methyl oxon in fruits and vegetables.
PubMed: Correlation of urinary pesticide metabolite excretion with estimated dermal contact in the course of occupational exposure to Guthion.
PubMed: The penetration of formulated Guthion spray through selected fabrics.
PubMed: Analysis of residues of seven pesticides in some fruits and vegetables by means of high pressure liquid chromatography.
PubMed: Quantitative high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry for the analysis of the in vitro metabolism of the insecticide azinphos-methyl (guthion) by rat liver homogenates.
PubMed: Effect of toxogonin and P2S on the toxicity of carbamates and organophosphorus compounds.
PubMed: Liquid chromatographic determination of azinphos methyl oxon in foliar dislodgeable residues and in soil surface dusts from an azinphos methyl-treated orange grove.
PubMed: [Comparative action of 31 insecticides on chlorpyrifos-sensitive and resistant Culex pipiens (L.) larvae in the South of France].
PubMed: Subchronic inhalation toxicity of azinphos-methyl in rats.
PubMed: Translocation and metabolism of azinphos-methyl in bean plants after root and leaf absorption.
PubMed: Influence of humidity and rain on uptake and metabolism of 14C-azinphos-methyl in bean plants.
PubMed: [Analysis of azinphos methyl by infrared spectrofotometry].
PubMed: Simultaneous determinations of azinphos ethyl, azinphos methyl and its oxygen analog by gas liquid chromatography.
PubMed: A modification of Miles' method for determining azinphos-methyl residues in crops.
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