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Category: nutrient supplements
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
| Assay: | 95.00 to 100.00 %
|
| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
| Soluble in: |
| | water, 2.838e-011 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) |
Organoleptic Properties:
| |
| Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
| |
| |
Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
| American International Chemical, LLC. |
| VITAMIN A PALMITATE 1.7 mIU/g
|
| American International Chemical, LLC. |
| VITAMIN A PALMITATE 250 CWS POWDER
|
| American International Chemical, LLC. |
| Vitamin A Palmitate
|
| BASF |
| Dry Vitamin A Palmitate
|
| BASF |
| Vitamin A Palmitate
|
| BOC Sciences |
| For experimental / research use only. |
| Retinyl (Vitamin A) Palmitate >98%
Odor: characteristic Use: Vitamin A palmitate is a more stable, synthetic version of the essential nutrient vitamin A joined to palmitic acid. |
| Charkit Chemical |
| VIT A PALMITATE OIL 1.7MIU VITAMIN A PALMIATE
|
| Charkit Chemical |
| VITAMIN A PALMITATE
|
| ECSA Chemicals |
| VITAMIN A-PALMITATE 1,0 mIU/G
|
| ECSA TRADE THE MOST UPDATED FINANCIAL PUBLICATION ON THE WORLD OF CHEMISTRY |
| Farbest-Tallman Foods |
| ZMC Vitamin A Palmitate 1.7 w/Tocopherol
Flavor: bland It is soluble in fats and oils. It is used in applications such as dietary supplements, margarines, spreads, and vegetable oils. |
| Farbest-Tallman Foods |
| ZMC Vitamin A Palmitate 250,000 IU/gm CWS Gelatin-Free
Flavor: bland It is used for fortifying powdered products such as infant formulas, dietetic foods, and dairy products. |
| Farbest-Tallman Foods |
| ZMC Vitamin A Palmitate 500,000 IU/gm TAB
Flavor: bland It is used for food and dietary supplement applications as a Vitamin A source. |
| Jiangyin Healthway |
| Vitamin A Palmitate
|
| New functional food ingredients |
| Maypro Industries |
| Vitamin A Palmitate
|
| Penta International |
| VITAMIN A PALMITATE LIQUID (Stabilized with Tocopherol)
|
| Penta International |
| VITAMIN A PALMITATE POWDER USP
|
| Qingdao Dacon Trading |
| Vitamin A Palmitate
|
| Santa Cruz Biotechnology |
| For experimental / research use only. |
| Retinyl palmitate ≥90%
|
| Sigma-Aldrich: Sigma |
| For experimental / research use only. |
| Retinyl palmitate Type IV, ∼1,800,000 USP units/g, oil
|
| Zanos |
| Vitamin A 1.000.000 I.U./g Palmitate
|
| Zanos |
| Vitamin A 1.700.000 I.U. per g Palmitate
|
| Zanos |
| Vitamin A 250.000 I.U./g SD CWS-A Palmitate
|
| Zanos |
| Vitamin A 250.000 I.U./g SD CWS-S Palmitate
|
Safety Information:
| Preferred SDS: View |
| |
| Hazards identification |
| |
| Classification of the substance or mixture |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
| None found. |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
| |
| Pictogram | |
| |
| Hazard statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Precautionary statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
oral-rat LD50 7910 mg/kg Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. Vol. 6, Pg. 652, 1982.
oral-mouse LD50 6060 mg/kg Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. Vol. 6, Pg. 652, 1982.
intraperitoneal-mouse LD50 4760 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY)
GASTROINTESTINAL: "HYPERMOTILITY, DIARRHEA" Voprosy Onkologii. Problems of Oncology. For English translation, see PONCAU. Vol. 25(12), Pg. 84, 1979.
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| Dermal Toxicity: |
|
Not determined
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| Inhalation Toxicity: |
|
Not determined
|
Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | nutrient supplements |
| Recommendation for vitamin A palmitate usage levels up to: | | | not for fragrance use.
|
| |
| Recommendation for vitamin A palmitate flavor usage levels up to: |
| | not for flavor use.
|
Safety References:
| EPI System: | View |
| ClinicalTrials.gov: | search |
| Daily Med: | search |
| Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System: | Search |
| AIDS Citations: | Search |
| Cancer Citations: | Search |
| Toxicology Citations: | Search |
| Carcinogenic Potency Database: | Search |
| EPA GENetic TOXicology: | Search |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA): | 79-81-2 |
| EPA ACToR: | Toxicology Data |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS): | Registry |
| Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary : | 5280531 |
| National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: | Data |
| WGK Germany: | 1 |
| | [(2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraenyl] hexadecanoate |
| Chemidplus: | 0000079812 |
References:
| | [(2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraenyl] hexadecanoate |
| NIST Chemistry WebBook: | Search Inchi |
| Canada Domestic Sub. List: | 79-81-2 |
| Pubchem (cid): | 5280531 |
| Pubchem (sid): | 134971686 |
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| [(2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,7- | dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexenyl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraenyl] hexadecanoate | | (2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,7- | dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-cyclohex-en-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonateetraen-1-yl-palmitate | | (2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,7- | dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-yl hexadecanoate | | [(2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,7- | dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraenyl] hexadecanoate | | | hexadecanoic acid [(2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexenyl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraenyl] ester | | (2E,4E,6E,8E)- | hexadecanoic acid 3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-cyclohex-1-enyl)-nona-2, 4,6,8,tetraenyl ester | | | retinol palmitate | | all-trans- | retinol palmitate | | trans- | retinol palmitate | | | retinol, all-trans-, palmitate | | | retinol, palmitate, all-trans- | | | retinyl hexadecanoate | | | retinyl palmitate | | all-trans- | retinyl palmitate | | trans- | retinyl palmitate | | | vitamin A palmitate | | all-trans- | vitamin A palmitate |
Articles:
| PubMed: | Hypercarotenodermia in Zambia: which children turned orange during mango season? |
| PubMed: | Neonatal vitamin A supplementation associated with increased atopy in girls. |
| PubMed: | Influence of light exposure and oxidative status on the stability of vitamins A and D₃ during the storage of fortified soybean oil. |
| PubMed: | Chronic retinyl palmitate supplementation to middle-aged Wistar rats disrupts the brain redox homeostasis and induces changes in emotional behavior. |
| PubMed: | Assessment of a portable device to quantify vitamin A in fortified foods (flour, sugar, and milk) for quality control. |
| PubMed: | Pectin Micro- and Nano-capsules of Retinyl Palmitate as Cosmeceutical Carriers for Stabilized Skin Transport. |
| PubMed: | Vitamin A-fortified cooking oil reduces vitamin A deficiency in infants, young children and women: results from a programme evaluation in Indonesia. |
| PubMed: | Vitamin A Palmitate-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes: characterization, protection and emulsification properties. |
| PubMed: | Glucagon-like peptide-2 regulates release of chylomicrons from the intestine. |
| PubMed: | β-Carotene during the suckling period is absorbed intact and induces retinoic acid dependent responses similar to preformed vitamin A in intestine and liver, but not adipose tissue of young rats. |
| PubMed: | Supplemental β-carotene I: effect on plasma vitamin A, growth, performance, and carcass characteristics of feedlot cattle. |
| PubMed: | Vitamin A is rapidly degraded in retinyl palmitate-fortified soybean oil stored under household conditions. |
| PubMed: | Gestational and lactational exposure to the polychlorinated biphenyl mixture Aroclor 1254 modulates retinoid homeostasis in rat offspring. |
| PubMed: | Determination of vitamins A and E in infant formula and adult/pediatric nutritional formula by HPLC with UV and fluorescence detection: First Action 2012.09. |
| PubMed: | Estimated intake of vitamin D and its interaction with vitamin A on lung cancer risk among smokers. |
| PubMed: | Enhanced In Vitro Skin Deposition Properties of Retinyl Palmitate through Its Stabilization by Pectin. |
| PubMed: | Quantification of vitamin A in fortified rapeseed, groundnut and soya oils using a simple portable device: comparison to high performance liquid chromatography. |
| PubMed: | Simultaneous determination of 13-cis and all-trans vitamin A palmitate (retinyl palmitate), vitamin A acetate (retinyl acetate), and total vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol and DL-alpha-tocopherol acetate) in infant formula and adult nutritionals by normal phase HPLC: first action 2012.10. |
| PubMed: | A comparison of retinyl palmitate and red palm oil β-carotene as strategies to address Vitamin A deficiency. |
| PubMed: | [Enrichment effect of vitamin-deficient diet of rats by polyunsaturated fatty acids omega-3 on vitamin biomarkers and antioxidant status]. |
| PubMed: | Double-blind cluster randomised controlled trial of wheat flour chapatti fortified with micronutrients on the status of vitamin A and iron in school-aged children in rural Bangladesh. |
| PubMed: | Comparison of high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography/photo-diode array detection for the quantitation of carotenoids, retinyl esters, α-tocopherol and phylloquinone in chylomicron-rich fractions of human plasma. |
| PubMed: | Physicochemical analysis of wheat flour fortified with vitamin A and three types of iron source and sensory analysis of bread using these flours. |
| PubMed: | Biofortified cassava increases β-carotene and vitamin A concentrations in the TAG-rich plasma layer of American women. |
| PubMed: | Modelling potential β-carotene intake and cyanide exposure from consumption of biofortified cassava. |
| PubMed: | Bioavailability of Oil-Based and β -Lactoglobulin-Complexed Vitamin A in a Rat Model. |
| PubMed: | Binding of vitamin A by casein micelles in commercial skim milk. |
| PubMed: | No dose-dependent increase in fracture risk after long-term exposure to high doses of retinol or beta-carotene. |
| PubMed: | Antioxidant vitamins and mineral supplementation, life span expansion and cancer incidence: a critical commentary. |
| PubMed: | Quantification of vitamin a in palm oil using a fast and simple portable device: method validation and comparison to high-performance liquid chromatography. |
| PubMed: | ω-3 intake and visual acuity in patients with retinitis pigmentosa receiving vitamin A. |
| PubMed: | A variant near the melanocortin-4 receptor gene regulates postprandial lipid metabolism in a healthy Caucasian population. |
| PubMed: | Single oral dose of micellar β-carotene containing phospholipids improves β-carotene metabolism and plasma lipids in vitamin A-deficient rats. |
| PubMed: | Vitamin A equivalence of the ß-carotene in ß-carotene-biofortified maize porridge consumed by women. |
| PubMed: | Five decades of vitamin A studies in the region of Central America and Panama. |
| PubMed: | Increased adiposity in the retinol saturase-knockout mouse. |
| PubMed: | Determination of retinol, retinyl palmitate, and retinoic acid in consumer cosmetic products. |
| PubMed: | Bioefficacy of beta-carotene is improved in rats after solubilized as equimolar dose of beta-carotene and lutein in phospholipid-mixed micelles. |
| PubMed: | Vitamin A equivalency of beta-carotene in healthy adults: limitation of the extrinsic dual-isotope dilution technique to measure matrix effect. |
| PubMed: | UVA photoirradiation of anhydroretinol--formation of singlet oxygen and superoxide. |
| PubMed: | Levels of retinyl palmitate and retinol in the skin of SKH-1 mice topically treated with retinyl palmitate and concomitant exposure to simulated solar light for thirteen weeks. |
| PubMed: | [Clinical and biochemical alterations in rats treated with high doses of vitamin A]. |
| PubMed: | Suitability of 3-point versus 7-point postprandial retinyl palmitate AUC in human bioavailability studies. |
| PubMed: | Effect of consumption of the nutrient-dense, freshwater small fish Amblypharyngodon mola on biochemical indicators of vitamin A status in Bangladeshi children: a randomised, controlled study of efficacy. |
| PubMed: | Role of vitamin A elimination or supplementation diets during postnatal development on the allergic sensitisation in mice. |
| PubMed: | Photodecomposition of vitamin A and photobiological implications for the skin. |
| PubMed: | Whole-food sources of vitamin A more effectively inhibit female rat sexual maturation, mammary gland development, and mammary carcinogenesis than retinyl palmitate. |
| PubMed: | Associations between persistent organic pollutants and vitamin status in Brünnich's guillemot and common eider hatchlings. |
| PubMed: | Physiological role of retinyl palmitate in the skin. |
| PubMed: | Nutritional aspects regarding lung cancer chemoprevention. |
| PubMed: | Photomutagenicity of anhydroretinol and 5,6-epoxyretinyl palmitate in mouse lymphoma cells. |
| PubMed: | Bioavailability of vitamins A and E from whole and vitamin-fortified milks in control subjects. |
| PubMed: | Post-prandial responses to cereal products enriched with barley beta-glucan. |
| PubMed: | Micellar oleic and eicosapentaenoic acid but not linoleic acid influences the beta-carotene uptake and its cleavage into retinol in rats. |
| PubMed: | Photoirradiation of retinyl palmitate in ethanol with ultraviolet light--formation of photodecomposition products, reactive oxygen species, and lipid peroxides. |
| PubMed: | Levels of retinyl palmitate and retinol in the stratum corneum, epidermis, and dermis of female SKH-1 mice topically treated with retinyl palmitate. |
| PubMed: | Levels of retinyl palmitate and retinol in stratum corneum, epidermis and dermis of SKH-1 mice. |
| PubMed: | Photodecomposition and phototoxicity of natural retinoids. |
| PubMed: | UVA photoirradiation of retinyl palmitate--formation of singlet oxygen and superoxide, and their role in induction of lipid peroxidation. |
| PubMed: | Influence of phospholipids on beta-carotene absorption and conversion into vitamin A in rats. |
| PubMed: | Photo-induced DNA damage and photocytotoxicity of retinyl palmitate and its photodecomposition products. |
| PubMed: | Effects of retinoic acid administration and dietary vitamin A supplementation on leptin expression in mice: lack of correlation with changes of adipose tissue mass and food intake. |
| PubMed: | Effects of dietary taurocholate, fat and protein on the storage and metabolism of dietary beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol in ferrets. |
| PubMed: | The talinolol double-peak phenomenon is likely caused by presystemic processing after uptake from gut lumen. |
| PubMed: | Photoreaction, phototoxicity, and photocarcinogenicity of retinoids. |
| PubMed: | Influence of binding of sodium dodecyl sulfate, all-trans-retinol, palmitate, and 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonate on the heat-induced unfolding and aggregation of beta-lactoglobulin B. |
| PubMed: | Photodecomposition of retinyl palmitate in ethanol by UVA light-formation of photodecomposition products, reactive oxygen species, and lipid peroxides. |
| PubMed: | Recovery from impaired dark adaptation in nightblind pregnant Nepali women who receive small daily doses of vitamin A as amaranth leaves, carrots, goat liver, vitamin A-fortified rice, or retinyl palmitate. |
| PubMed: | Interlaboratory verified liquid chromatographic method for analysis of vitamins A and E in soy-based infant formula powder. |
| PubMed: | Triple fortification of salt with microcapsules of iodine, iron, and vitamin A. |
| PubMed: | Meal ingestion provokes entry of lipoproteins containing fat from the previous meal: possible metabolic implications. |
| PubMed: | An interlaboratory-verified method for the determination of vitamins A and E in milk- and soy-based infant formula by liquid chromatography with matrix solid-phase dispersion extraction. |
| PubMed: | Sea tangle supplementation lowers blood glucose and supports antioxidant systems in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. |
| PubMed: | Identification and quantification of carotenoids including geometrical isomers in fruit and vegetable juices by liquid chromatography with ultraviolet-diode array detection. |
| PubMed: | The effect of retinyl palmitate added to iron-fortified maize porridge on erythrocyte incorporation of iron in African children with vitamin A deficiency. |
| PubMed: | Extraction of carotenoids from feces, enabling the bioavailability of beta-carotene to be studied in Indonesian children. |
| PubMed: | Fruits and vegetables are associated with lower lung cancer risk only in the placebo arm of the beta-carotene and retinol efficacy trial (CARET). |
| PubMed: | Effects of liver-supplemented food on the development of embryos in mice. |
| PubMed: | Effect of weight loss on postprandial lipemia and low-density lipoprotein receptor binding in overweight men. |
| PubMed: | The hepatic retinyl ester hydrolase activity is depressed at the onset of diabetes in BB rats. |
| PubMed: | No enhancing effect of vitamin A on iron absorption in humans. |
| PubMed: | Simultaneous determination of vitamin A and beta-carotene in dietary supplements by liquid chromatography. |
| PubMed: | Characterization of a new endogenous vitamin A metabolite. |
| PubMed: | Activation and induction of glycine N-methyltransferase by retinoids are tissue- and gender-specific. |
| PubMed: | Vitamin A and its derivatives induce hepatic glycine N-methyltransferase and hypomethylation of DNA in rats. |
| PubMed: | Vitamin A and E content in dairy products: their contribution to the recommended dietary allowances (RDA) for elderly people. |
| PubMed: | Use of water-miscible retinyl palmitate as markers of chylomicrons gives earlier peak response of plasma retinyl esters compared with oil-soluble retinyl palmitate. |
| PubMed: | Feeding mode, intestinal permeability, and neopterin excretion: a longitudinal study in infants of HIV-infected South African women. |
| PubMed: | Postprandial dyslipidemia in men with visceral obesity: an effect of reduced LDL receptor expression? |
| PubMed: | Concomitant supplemental vitamin A enhances the response to weekly supplemental iron and folic acid in anemic teenagers in urban Bangladesh. |
| PubMed: | Postprandial remnant-like lipoproteins in hypertriglyceridemia. |
| PubMed: | Inhibition of purified pig and human liver retinyl ester hydrolase by pharmacologic agents. |
| PubMed: | On-line supercritical fluid extraction/enzymatic hydrolysis of vitamin a esters: a new simplified approach for the determination of vitamins a and e in food. |
| PubMed: | Predictors of postprandial triacylglycerol response in children: the Columbia University Biomarkers Study. |
| PubMed: | Liquid chromatographic analysis of all-trans-retinyl palmitate, beta-carotene, and vitamin E in fortified foods and the extraction of encapsulated and nonencapsulated retinyl palmitate. |
| PubMed: | Kinetic analysis shows that iron deficiency decreases liver vitamin A mobilization in rats. |
| PubMed: | Intestinal absorption of beta-carotene ingested with a meal rich in sunflower oil or beef tallow: postprandial appearance in triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins in women. |
| PubMed: | Postprandial chylomicrons and VLDLs in severe hypertriacylglycerolemia are lowered more effectively than are chylomicron remnants after treatment with n-3 fatty acids. |
| PubMed: | Modulation of fat-soluble vitamin concentrations and blood mononuclear leukocyte populations in milk replacer-fed calves by dietary vitamin A and beta-carotene. |
| PubMed: | Dietary vitamin E and beta-carotene sources influence vitamin A and E storage in young rats fed marginal and adequate vitamin E. |
| PubMed: | Antimutagenic effects and possible mechanisms of action of vitamins and related compounds against genotoxic heterocyclic amines from cooked food. |
| PubMed: | Coordinated distribution patterns of three enzyme activities involved in the absorption and metabolism of beta-carotene and vitamin A along the villus-crypt axis of chick duodenum. |
| PubMed: | Optimal nutrition: vitamin A and the carotenoids. |
| PubMed: | Thyroxine replacement therapy enhances clearance of chylomicron remnants in patients with hypothyroidism. |
| PubMed: | Analysis of beta-carotene in medical food by liquid chromatography with matrix solid-phase dispersion. |
| PubMed: | Lack of influence of test meal fatty acid composition on the contribution of intestinally-derived lipoproteins to postprandial lipaemia. |
| PubMed: | Analysis of all-rac-alpha-tocopheryl acetate and retinyl palmitate in medical foods using a zero control reference material (ZRM) as a method development tool. |
| PubMed: | Bile diversion in rats leads to a decreased plasma concentration of linoleic acid which is not due to decreased net intestinal absorption of dietary linoleic acid. |
| PubMed: | Value assignment of retinol, retinyl palmitate, tocopherol, and carotenoid concentrations in Standard Reference Material 2383 (Baby Food Composite). |
| PubMed: | Binding of lipophilic nutrients to beta-lactoglobulin prepared by bioselective adsorption. |
| PubMed: | A liquid chromatographic method for analysis of all-rac-alpha-tocopheryl acetate and retinyl palmitate in medical food using matrix solid-phase dispersion in conjunction with a zero reference material as a method development tool. |
| PubMed: | Effect of lutein on beta-carotene absorption and cleavage. |
| PubMed: | Plant sources of vitamin A and human nutrition: red palm oil does the job. |
| PubMed: | Low and high responders to pharmacological doses of beta-carotene: proportion in the population, mechanisms involved and consequences on beta-carotene metabolism. |
| PubMed: | Apolipoprotein B-48 and retinyl palmitate are not equivalent markers of postprandial intestinal lipoproteins. |
| PubMed: | Chylomicron beta-carotene and retinyl palmitate responses are dramatically diminished when men ingest beta-carotene with medium-chain rather than long-chain triglycerides. |
| PubMed: | Effect of simultaneous, single oral doses of beta-carotene with lutein or lycopene on the beta-carotene and retinyl ester responses in the triacylglycerol-rich lipoprotein fraction of men. |
| PubMed: | Fortified foods contribute one half of recommended vitamin A intake in poor urban Guatemalan toddlers. |
| PubMed: | Microsomal enzyme activity, glutathione S-transferase-placental form expression, cell proliferation, and vitamin A stores in livers of rats consuming Great Lakes salmon. |
| PubMed: | Liquid chromatographic method for analysis of all-rac-alpha-tocopheryl acetate and retinyl palmitate in milk-based infant formula using matrix solid-phase dispersion. |
| PubMed: | Liquid chromatographic method for analysis of All-rac-alpha-tocopheryl acetate and retinyl palmitate in soy-based infant formula using a zero-control reference material (ZRM) as a method development tool. |
| PubMed: | Zero control reference materials for infant formula methods development. |
| PubMed: | Gastric ulceration and suspected vitamin A toxicosis in grower pigs fed fish silage. |
| PubMed: | Purification and characterization of retinyl ester hydrolase as a member of the non-specific carboxylesterase supergene family. |
| PubMed: | Olive oil increases the magnitude of postprandial chylomicron remnants compared to milk fat and safflower oil. |
| PubMed: | Retinoids in eggs and embryos of birds fed fish from the Great Lakes. |
| PubMed: | Measurement of retinoids and carotenoids in breast adipose tissue and a comparison of concentrations in breast cancer cases and control subjects. |
| PubMed: | Inhibition of the mutagenicity of 2-nitrofluorene, 3-nitrofluoranthene and 1-nitropyrene by vitamins, porphyrins and related compounds, and vegetable and fruit juices and solvent extracts. |
| PubMed: | The protective effect of beta-carotene and retinol on ventilatory function in an asbestos-exposed cohort. |
| PubMed: | beta-carotene inhibits persistent and stimulates remodeling gamma GT-positive preneoplastic lesions during early promotion of hepatocarcinogenesis. |
| PubMed: | The association between participant characteristics and serum concentrations of beta-carotene, retinol, retinyl palmitate, and alpha-tocopherol among participants in the Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial (CARET) for prevention of lung cancer. |
| PubMed: | Plasma and hepatic antioxidant control and vitamin A nutritional status. |
| PubMed: | Beta-carotene as antioxidant. |
| PubMed: | Suppressive effects of retinoids, carotenoids and antioxidant vitamins on heterocyclic amine-induced umu C gene expression in Salmonella typhimurium (TA 1535/pSK 1002). |
| PubMed: | Interactions in indices of vitamin A, zinc and copper status when these nutrients are fed to rats at adequate and increased levels. |
| PubMed: | Carbon flow through the hepatic folate-dependent one-carbon pool is not altered in vitamin A-deficient rats. |
| PubMed: | beta-Carotene absorption and cleavage in rats is affected by the vitamin A concentration of the diet. |
| PubMed: | Association of postprandial triglyceride and retinyl palmitate responses with newly diagnosed exercise-induced myocardial ischemia in middle-aged men and women. |
| PubMed: | Response to oral beta-carotene supplementation in patients with cystic fibrosis: a 16-month follow-up study. |
| PubMed: | Consumption of excess vitamin A, but not excess beta-carotene, causes accumulation of retinol that exceeds the binding capacity of cellular retinol-binding protein, type II in rat intestine. |
| PubMed: | Intestinal beta-carotene absorption and cleavage in men: response of beta-carotene and retinyl esters in the triglyceride-rich lipoprotein fraction after a single oral dose of beta-carotene. |
| PubMed: | Fortification of sugar with iron sodium ethylenediaminotetraacetate (FeNaEDTA) improves iron status in semirural Guatemalan populations. |
| PubMed: | Lack of association between vitamin A status and measures of conjunctival epithelial integrity in young children in northern Ghana. |
| PubMed: | Nutritional situation in the Americas. |
| PubMed: | Characterization of esterase and alcohol dehydrogenase activity in skin. Metabolism of retinyl palmitate to retinol (vitamin A) during percutaneous absorption. |
| PubMed: | Hydrolysis of retinyl esters in rat liver. Description of a lysosomal activity. |
| PubMed: | Effect of ethanol and vitamin A excess on vitamin A status in the liver, plasma and foetuses of pregnant rats. |
| PubMed: | The teratogenic metabolites of vitamin A in women following supplements and liver. |
| PubMed: | Effects of ethanol, lovastatin and coenzyme Q10 treatment on antioxidants and TBA reactive material in liver of rats. |
| PubMed: | Postprandial lipemia in subjects with hypobetalipoproteinemia and a single intestinal allele for apoB-48. |
| PubMed: | Liquid chromatographic method for the determination of carotenoids, retinoids and tocopherols in human serum and in food. |
| PubMed: | Undernutrition and vitamin A deficiency in the Department of Linguère, Louga Region of Sénégal. |
| PubMed: | High dose vitamin A supplementation of breast-feeding Indonesian mothers: effects on the vitamin A status of mother and infant. |
| PubMed: | Effect of variations in dietary fat and carbohydrate intake on postprandial lipemia in patients with noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus. |
| PubMed: | Gemfibrozil reduces postprandial lipemia in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. |
| PubMed: | Assessment of the oral administration of a high dose of retinol on vitamin E status of sheep. |
| PubMed: | Sex differences in postabsorptive plasma vitamin A transport. |
| PubMed: | Normal postprandial lipemia in men with low plasma HDL concentrations. |
| PubMed: | Short-term interruption of training affects both fasting and post-prandial lipoproteins. |
| PubMed: | Effect of prototypic polychlorinated biphenyls on hepatic and renal vitamin contents and on drug-metabolizing enzymes in rats fed diets containing low or high levels of retinyl palmitate. |
| PubMed: | Modelling cortical cataractogenesis. XII: Supplemental vitamin A treatment reduces gamma-crystallin leakage from lenses in diabetic rats. |
| PubMed: | Changes in vitamin A status following prolonged immobilization (simulated weightlessness). |
| PubMed: | Effects of various dietary protein contents on vitamin A status of rats exposed to prolonged immobilization through suspension. |
| PubMed: | Canthaxanthin and excess vitamin A alter alpha-tocopherol, carotenoid and iron status in adult rats. |
| PubMed: | Postprandial lipoprotein metabolism in normolipidemic men with and without coronary artery disease. |
| PubMed: | Suppression by beta-carotene-rich algae Dunaliella bardawil of the progression, but not the development, of spontaneous mammary tumours in SHN virgin mice. |
| PubMed: | Effect of emulsifiers and fortification methods on light stability of vitamin A in milk. |
| PubMed: | Upregulation of serum retinol in experimental acute renal failure. |
| PubMed: | Developmental changes in vitamin A level and lack of retinyl palmitate in chick lungs. |
| PubMed: | The effect of dietary retinyl palmitate on the retinyl ester content of human or rat liver tumours. |
| PubMed: | Effects of lipids on cytochrome P-450 dependent B(a)P monooxygenase activity in a reconstituted system. |
| PubMed: | Osteotoxicity after chronic dietary administration of 13-cis-retinoic acid, retinyl palmitate or selenium in mice exposed to tumor initiation and promotion. |
| PubMed: | Studies on the testicular effects of vitamin A palmitate in the Sprague-Dawley rat. |
| PubMed: | Increased retinoic acid metabolism following 3,3',4,4',5,5'-hexabromobiphenyl injection. |
| PubMed: | Vitamin A in human nutrition. |
| PubMed: | The effect of vitamin A supplementation on serum retinol and retinol binding protein levels. |
| PubMed: | Co-carcinogenic effects of several Korean foods on gastric cancer induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in rats. |
| PubMed: | Effects of vitamin A on cyclophosphamide mutagenicity in vitro (Ames test) and in vivo (mouse micronucleus test). |
| PubMed: | Isomerization of retinyl palmitate using conventional lipid extraction solvents. |
| PubMed: | Application of gel permeation chromatography and nonaqueous reverse phase chromatography to high performance liquid chromatographic determination of retinyl palmitate and alpha-tocopheryl acetate in infant formulas. |
| PubMed: | Tissue storage of vitamins A and E in rats drinking or infused with total parenteral nutrition solutions. |
| PubMed: | The effect of vitamin A fortification of sugar on the serum vitamin A levels of preschool Guatemalan children: a longitudinal evaluation. |
| PubMed: | Teratogenic effects of vitamin A palmitate in Fischer 344 rats. |
| PubMed: | Application of gel permeation chromatography and nonaqueous reverse phase chromatography to high pressure liquid chromatographic determination of retinyl palmitate in fortified breakfast cereals. |
| PubMed: | Vitamin A - application technology. |
| PubMed: | Planning, implementation, and evaluation of a fortification program. Control of vitamin A deficiency in the Philippines. |
| PubMed: | Vitamin A deficiency and the metabolism of glycosaminoglycans and ascorbic acid in the rat. |
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