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Category: information only not used for fragrances or flavors
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
| Assay: | 95.00 to 100.00 %
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| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
| Melting Point: | 199.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
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| Boiling Point: | 391.30 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
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| Flash Point: | 360.00 °F. TCC ( 182.10 °C. ) (est)
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| logP (o/w): | 3.170 |
| Soluble in: |
| | water, 9.553 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) |
Organoleptic Properties:
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| Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
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Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
| Preferred SDS: View |
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| Hazards identification |
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| Classification of the substance or mixture |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
| None found. |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
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| Pictogram | |
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| Hazard statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Precautionary statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
intravenous-mouse LD50 100 mg/kg U.S. Army Armament Research & Development Command, Chemical Systems Laboratory, NIOSH Exchange Chemicals. Vol. NX#02316
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| Dermal Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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| Inhalation Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | information only not used for fragrances or flavors |
| Recommendation for norharman usage levels up to: | | | not for fragrance use.
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| Recommendation for norharman flavor usage levels up to: |
| | not for flavor use.
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Safety References:
References:
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| 2- | azacarbazole | | | carbazoline | | beta- | carboline | | 2,9- | diazafluorene | | nor | harmane | | 9H- | pyrido[3,4-b]indole |
Articles:
| PubMed: | Effects of frying conditions on the formation of heterocyclic amines and trans fatty acids in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). |
| PubMed: | Inhibitory effects of pomegranate seed extract on the formation of heterocyclic aromatic amines in beef and chicken meatballs after cooking by four different methods. |
| PubMed: | Inhibitory Effect of Liposomal Solutions of Grape Seed Extract on the Formation of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines. |
| PubMed: | Effects of frying and boiling on the formation of heterocyclic amines in braised chicken. |
| PubMed: | Effect of different types of sugars in a marinating formulation on the formation of heterocyclic amines in grilled chicken. |
| PubMed: | Identification of seafood as an important dietary source of heterocyclic amines by chemometry and chromatography-mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed: | Formation of heterocyclic amines in salami and ham pizza toppings during baking of frozen pizza. |
| PubMed: | [Simultaneous determination of nine heterocyclic aromatic amines in mutton products by solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography]. |
| PubMed: | Antioxidant capacity and inhibitory effect of grape seed and rosemary extract in marinades on the formation of heterocyclic amines in fried beef patties. |
| PubMed: | Formation of heterocyclic amines during cooking of duck meat. |
| PubMed: | [Determination of 10 heterocyclic aromatic amines in beef jerky by high performance liquid chromatography]. |
| PubMed: | [Simultaneous determination of 9 heterocyclic aromatic amine in poultry products by solid-phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography]. |
| PubMed: | Inhibition of the bioactivation of the neurotoxin MPTP by antioxidants, redox agents and monoamine oxidase inhibitors. |
| PubMed: | Screening of non-polar heterocyclic amines in urine by microextraction in packed sorbent-fluorimetric detection and confirmation by capillary liquid chromatography. |
| PubMed: | Effects of cooking variables on formation of heterocyclic amines (HCA) in roasted pork and mackerel. |
| PubMed: | Capillary liquid chromatography with diode array and mass spectrometry detection for heterocyclic aromatic amine determination in ready-to-eat food treated with electron-beam irradiation. |
| PubMed: | Effect of cooking methods on the formation of heterocyclic aromatic amines in chicken and duck breast. |
| PubMed: | Electrospray MS-based characterization of beta-carbolines--mutagenic constituents of thermally processed meat. |
| PubMed: | Hollow fibre-supported liquid membrane extraction and LC-MS/MS detection for the analysis of heterocyclic amines in urine samples. |
| PubMed: | Analysis of heterocyclic amines and beta-carbolines by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in cooked meats commonly consumed in Korea. |
| PubMed: | Preparation and characterisation of fried chicken as a laboratory reference material for the analysis of heterocyclic amines. |
| PubMed: | Effect of marinades on the formation of heterocyclic amines in grilled beef steaks. |
| PubMed: | Quantification of heterocyclic amines from thermally processed meats selected from a small-scale population-based study. |
| PubMed: | Quantification of heterocyclic aromatic amines in fried meat by HPTLC/UV-FLD and HPLC/UV-FLD: a comparison of two methods. |
| PubMed: | Determination of heterocyclic aromatic amines by capillary high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection in ready-to-eat cooked ham treated with electron-beam irradiation. |
| PubMed: | Effect of oil marinades with garlic, onion, and lemon juice on the formation of heterocyclic aromatic amines in fried beef patties. |
| PubMed: | Identification and occurrence of beta-carboline alkaloids in raisins and inhibition of monoamine oxidase (MAO). |
| PubMed: | Degradation of heterocyclic aromatic amines in oil under storage and frying conditions and reduction of their mutagenic potential. |
| PubMed: | Validation of an ion-pair liquid chromatography-electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of heterocyclic aromatic amines in meat-based infant foods. |
| PubMed: | Factors influencing the norharman and harman contents in espresso coffee. |
| PubMed: | Differential effects of dopamine melanin on norharman-induced toxicity in PC12 cells. |
| PubMed: | Heterocyclic amines in griddled beef steak analysed using a single extract clean-up procedure. |
| PubMed: | Effect of red wine marinades on the formation of heterocyclic amines in fried chicken breast. |
| PubMed: | Analysis of monoamine oxidase enzymatic activity by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography and inhibition by beta-carboline alkaloids occurring in foods and plants. |
| PubMed: | Norharman-induced motoric impairment in mice: neurodegeneration and glial activation in substantia nigra. |
| PubMed: | Relative exposure to beta-carbolines norharman and harman from foods and tobacco smoke. |
| PubMed: | Addition of various carbohydrates to beef burgers affects the formation of heterocyclic amines during frying. |
| PubMed: | Exposure to beta-carbolines norharman and harman. |
| PubMed: | Long-term retention of neurotoxic beta-carbolines in brain neuromelanin. |
| PubMed: | Influence of antioxidants in virgin olive oil on the formation of heterocyclic amines in fried beefburgers. |
| PubMed: | Tetrahydro-beta-carboline alkaloids that occur in foods and biological systems act as radical scavengers and antioxidants in the ABTS assay. |
| PubMed: | Identification and occurrence of the bioactive beta-carbolines norharman and harman in coffee brews. |
| PubMed: | Screening for heterocyclic amines in chicken cooked in various ways. |
| PubMed: | Natural variations of precursors in pig meat affect the yield of heterocyclic amines--effects of RN genotype, feeding regime, and sex. |
| PubMed: | Induction of sister chromatid exchanges and chromosome aberrations in cultured mammalian cells treated with aminophenylnorharman formed by norharman with aniline. |
| PubMed: | Degradation of tetrahydro-beta-carbolines in the presence of nitrite: HPLC-MS analysis of the reaction products. |
| PubMed: | Tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid compounds in fish and meat: possible precursors of co-mutagenic beta-carbolines norharman and harman in cooked foods. |
| PubMed: | [In vitro study of the interference of certain food components with the metabolism of aflatoxin B1]. |
| PubMed: | [In vivo studies of the inhbitory effect of various food components on aflatoxin B1 metabolism]. |
| PubMed: | Formation of heterocyclic amines in fried fish fiber during processing and storage. |
| PubMed: | Analysis of tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acids in foods by solid-phase extraction and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography combined with fluorescence detection. |
| PubMed: | Formation of the comutagenic beta-carboline norharman in a simple tryptophan-containing model system at low temperature (40 degrees C-80 degrees C). |
| PubMed: | Formation of heterocyclic amines in a model system during heating. |
| PubMed: | Quantification of the co-mutagenic beta-carbolines, norharman and harman, in cigarette smoke condensates and cooked foods. |
| PubMed: | Heterocyclic amines in process flavours, process flavour ingredients, bouillon concentrates and a pan residue. |
| PubMed: | Analysis of nonpolar heterocyclic amines in cooked foods and meat extracts using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed: | Determination of heterocyclic amines in flame-grilled fish patty by capillary electrophoresis. |
| PubMed: | Influence of frying fat on the formation of heterocyclic amines in fried beefburgers and pan residues. |
| PubMed: | [Effects of harman and norharman on aflatoxin B1 and aminopyrine metabolism by phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene-induced rat liver microsomes]. |
| PubMed: | Optimization of the sensitivity of high-performance liquid chromatography in the detection of heterocyclic aromatic amine mutagens. |
| PubMed: | Determination of beta-carbolines in foodstuffs by high-performance liquid chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed: | Simple methods for quantifying mutagenic heterocyclic aromatic amines in food products. |
| PubMed: | Mutagenicity, comutagenicity, and antimutagenicity of erythrosine (FD and C red 3), a food dye, in the Ames/Salmonella assay. |
| PubMed: | Mutagenicities of nitrosated carboline derivatives. |
| PubMed: | Food-borne amines and amides as potential precursors of endogenous carcinogens. |
| PubMed: | Alteration of mutagenic potentials by peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase. |
| PubMed: | Stability of tryptophan during food processing and storage. 2. A comparison of methods used for the measurement of tryptophan losses in processed foods. |
| PubMed: | Possible genotoxic carcinogens in foods in relation to cancer causation. |
| PubMed: | Tissue damage and nutritional factors in experimental respiratory tract (Co-)carcinogenesis. |
| PubMed: | Carcinogenic, Mutagenic, and Comutagenic Aromatic Amines in Human Foods. |
| PubMed: | Mutagenic factors in cooked foods. |
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