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Category: natural substances and extractives
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
| Assay: | 97.00 to 100.00 %
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| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
| Melting Point: | 260.00 to 262.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
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| Boiling Point: | 421.40 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
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| Flash Point: | 284.00 °F. TCC ( 139.80 °C. ) (est)
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| logP (o/w): | 3.560 |
| Soluble in: |
| | water, 2.676 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) |
Organoleptic Properties:
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| Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
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Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
| Preferred SDS: View |
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| Hazards identification |
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| Classification of the substance or mixture |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
| None found. |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
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| Pictogram | |
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| Hazard statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Precautionary statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
intravenous-cat LDLo 10 mg/kg Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. Vol. 129, Pg. 133, 1928.
intramuscular-man TDLo 3 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: TREMOR
BEHAVIORAL: SLEEP
GASTROINTESTINAL: NAUSEA OR VOMITING Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. Vol. 129, Pg. 133, 1928.
intravenous-mouse LDLo 50 mg/kg Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. Vol. 129, Pg. 133, 1928.
intravenous-rabbit LDLo 60 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: EXCITEMENT
SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: MYDRIASIS (PUPILLARY DILATION): EYE
BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA Neuropharmacology. Vol. 10, Pg. 15, 1971.
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| Dermal Toxicity: |
subcutaneous-frog LDLo 300 mg/kg Quarterly Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacology. Vol. 9, Pg. 37, 1936.
subcutaneous-guinea pig LDLo 100 mg/kg Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. Vol. 129, Pg. 133, 1928.
subcutaneous-mouse LD50 243 mg/kg SKIN AND APPENDAGES (SKIN): HAIR: OTHER
BEHAVIORAL: EXCITEMENT Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal Vol. 10, Pg. 1171, 1976.
subcutaneous-rabbit LDLo 200 mg/kg LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA
SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: MYDRIASIS (PUPILLARY DILATION): EYE Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. Vol. 129, Pg. 133, 1928.
subcutaneous-rat LD50 200 mg/kg Psychopharmacology Service Center, Bulletin. Vol. 2, Pg. 17, 1963.
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| Inhalation Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | natural substances and extractives |
| Recommendation for harmine usage levels up to: | | | not for fragrance use.
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| Recommendation for harmine flavor usage levels up to: |
| | not for flavor use.
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Safety References:
References:
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| | banisterin | | | banisterine | | 7- | methoxy-1-methyl-9H-b-carboline | | 7- | methoxy-1-methyl-9H-pyrido(3,4-b)indole | | 7- | methoxy-1-methyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole | | 7- | methoxy-1-methyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole, 9CI | | 1- | methyl-7-methoxy-b-carboline | | 9H- | pyrido(3,4-b)indole, 7-methoxy-1-methyl- | | 9H- | pyrido[3,4-b]indole-, 7-methoxy-1-methyl- | | 9H- | pyrido[3,4-b]indole, 7-methoxy-1-methyl- | | | telepathine | | | yagein | | | yageine |
Articles:
| PubMed: | Inhibition of monoamine oxidase (MAO) by β-carbolines and their interactions in live neuronal (PC12) and liver (HuH-7 and MH1C1) cells. |
| PubMed: | Dietary vitamin E effects on the formation of heterocyclic amines in grilled lean beef. |
| PubMed: | Suggesting a possible role of CA1 histaminergic system in harmane-induced amnesia. |
| PubMed: | Formation of heterocyclic amines in salami and ham pizza toppings during baking of frozen pizza. |
| PubMed: | Metabolic pathways of the psychotropic-carboline alkaloids, harmaline and harmine, by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. |
| PubMed: | Formation of heterocyclic amines during cooking of duck meat. |
| PubMed: | Involvement of the cholinergic system of CA1 on harmane-induced amnesia in the step-down passive avoidance test. |
| PubMed: | Inhibition of the bioactivation of the neurotoxin MPTP by antioxidants, redox agents and monoamine oxidase inhibitors. |
| PubMed: | Screening of non-polar heterocyclic amines in urine by microextraction in packed sorbent-fluorimetric detection and confirmation by capillary liquid chromatography. |
| PubMed: | Capillary liquid chromatography with diode array and mass spectrometry detection for heterocyclic aromatic amine determination in ready-to-eat food treated with electron-beam irradiation. |
| PubMed: | beta-Carboline alkaloids in Peganum harmala and inhibition of human monoamine oxidase (MAO). |
| PubMed: | Electrospray MS-based characterization of beta-carbolines--mutagenic constituents of thermally processed meat. |
| PubMed: | Hollow fibre-supported liquid membrane extraction and LC-MS/MS detection for the analysis of heterocyclic amines in urine samples. |
| PubMed: | Effects of beta-carboline harmine on behavioral and physiological parameters observed in the chronic mild stress model: further evidence of antidepressant properties. |
| PubMed: | Non-competitive androgen receptor inhibition in vitro and in vivo. |
| PubMed: | Simultaneous determination of thirteen plant alkaloids in a human specimen by SPE and HPLC. |
| PubMed: | Quantification of heterocyclic aromatic amines in fried meat by HPTLC/UV-FLD and HPLC/UV-FLD: a comparison of two methods. |
| PubMed: | Dietary epidemiology of essential tremor: meat consumption and meat cooking practices. |
| PubMed: | Determination of beta-carboline alkaloids in foods and beverages by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection at a glassy carbon electrode modified with carbon nanotubes. |
| PubMed: | Factors influencing the norharman and harman contents in espresso coffee. |
| PubMed: | Differential effects of dopamine melanin on norharman-induced toxicity in PC12 cells. |
| PubMed: | Efficacy of planar chromatography coupled to (tandem) mass spectrometry for employment in trace analysis. |
| PubMed: | Blood harmane concentrations and dietary protein consumption in essential tremor. |
| PubMed: | Norharman-induced motoric impairment in mice: neurodegeneration and glial activation in substantia nigra. |
| PubMed: | Relative exposure to beta-carbolines norharman and harman from foods and tobacco smoke. |
| PubMed: | Modulation of cytochrome P450 1A1 by food-derived heterocyclic aromatic amines. |
| PubMed: | Exposure to beta-carbolines norharman and harman. |
| PubMed: | Elevation of blood beta-carboline alkaloids in essential tremor. |
| PubMed: | Tetrahydro-beta-carboline alkaloids that occur in foods and biological systems act as radical scavengers and antioxidants in the ABTS assay. |
| PubMed: | Identification and occurrence of the bioactive beta-carbolines norharman and harman in coffee brews. |
| PubMed: | Natural variations of precursors in pig meat affect the yield of heterocyclic amines--effects of RN genotype, feeding regime, and sex. |
| PubMed: | Induction of sister chromatid exchanges and chromosome aberrations in cultured mammalian cells treated with aminophenylnorharman formed by norharman with aniline. |
| PubMed: | Genotoxic effects of the alkaloids harman and harmine assessed by comet assay and chromosome aberration test in mammalian cells in vitro. |
| PubMed: | Toxicokinetics of tremorogenic natural products, harmane and harmine, in male Sprague-Dawley rats. |
| PubMed: | Degradation of tetrahydro-beta-carbolines in the presence of nitrite: HPLC-MS analysis of the reaction products. |
| PubMed: | Tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid compounds in fish and meat: possible precursors of co-mutagenic beta-carbolines norharman and harman in cooked foods. |
| PubMed: | [In vitro study of the interference of certain food components with the metabolism of aflatoxin B1]. |
| PubMed: | [In vivo studies of the inhbitory effect of various food components on aflatoxin B1 metabolism]. |
| PubMed: | Formation of the comutagenic beta-carboline norharman in a simple tryptophan-containing model system at low temperature (40 degrees C-80 degrees C). |
| PubMed: | Determination of harmane and harmine in human blood using reversed-phased high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection. |
| PubMed: | Antiplatelet activity of soy sauce as functional seasoning. |
| PubMed: | Quantification of the co-mutagenic beta-carbolines, norharman and harman, in cigarette smoke condensates and cooked foods. |
| PubMed: | Analysis of nonpolar heterocyclic amines in cooked foods and meat extracts using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed: | Effects of negative allosteric modulators of gamma-aminobutyric acidA receptors on complex behavioral processes in monkeys. |
| PubMed: | Increased alcohol intake in low alcohol drinking rats after chronic infusion of the beta-carboline harman into the hippocampus. |
| PubMed: | Studies on the mechanism of intestinal passage of the food comutagen harman, in the rabbit. |
| PubMed: | [Effects of harman and norharman on aflatoxin B1 and aminopyrine metabolism by phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene-induced rat liver microsomes]. |
| PubMed: | Effects of harmane on growth and in vivo metabolism of aflatoxin B1 in male and female rats. |
| PubMed: | Determination of beta-carbolines in foodstuffs by high-performance liquid chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed: | The influence of dietaryβ-carboline alkaloids on growth rate, food consumption, and food utilization of larvae ofSpodoptera exigua (Hubner). |
| PubMed: | Mutagenicity, comutagenicity, and antimutagenicity of erythrosine (FD and C red 3), a food dye, in the Ames/Salmonella assay. |
| PubMed: | [The elimination of disorders in the acquisition of a conditioned active avoidance reaction by using the C-termination fragment of lysyl vasopressin]. |
| PubMed: | Mutagenicities of nitrosated carboline derivatives. |
| PubMed: | Food-borne amines and amides as potential precursors of endogenous carcinogens. |
| PubMed: | Alteration of mutagenic potentials by peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase. |
| PubMed: | Possible genotoxic carcinogens in foods in relation to cancer causation. |
| PubMed: | Use of pentachlorophenol as long-term inhibitor of sulfation of phenols and hydroxamic acids in the rat in vivo. |
| PubMed: | Carcinogenic, Mutagenic, and Comutagenic Aromatic Amines in Human Foods. |
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