Articles:
L-g-glutamyl-L-glutamic acid
Notes:
an endogenous dipeptide in the rat olfactory bulb which activates n-methyl-d-aspartate receptors. gammaGlutamylglutamic acid is made of two glutamic acid molecules. Glutamic acid (Glu), also referred to as glutamate (the anion), is one of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids. It is not among the essential amino acids. Glutamate is a key molecule in cellular metabolism. In humans, dietary proteins are broken down by digestion into amino acids, which serves as metabolic fuel or other functional roles in the body. Glutamate is the most abundant fast excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian nervous system. At chemical synapses, glutamate is stored in vesicles. Nerve impulses trigger release of glutamate from the pre-synaptic cell. In the opposing post-synaptic cell, glutamate receptors, such as the NMDA receptor, bind glutamate and are activated. Because of its role in synaptic plasticity, it is believed that glutamic acid is involved in cognitive functions like learning and memory in the brain. Glutamate transporters are found in neuronal and glial membranes. They rapidly remove glutamate from the extracellular space. In brain injury or disease, they can work in reverse and excess glutamate can accumulate outside cells. This process causes calcium ions to enter cells via NMDA receptor channels, leading to neuronal damage and eventual cell death, and is called excitotoxicity. The mechanisms of cell death include: * Damage to mitochondria from excessively high intracellular Ca2+. * Glu/Ca2+-mediated promotion of transcription factors for pro-apoptotic genes, or downregulation of transcription factors for anti-apoptotic genes. Excitotoxicity due to glutamate occurs as part of the ischemic cascade and is associated with stroke and diseases like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, lathyrism, and Alzheimer's disease. glutamic acid has been implicated in epileptic seizures. Microinjection of glutamic acid into neurons produces spontaneous depolarization around one second apart, and this firing pattern is similar to what is known as paroxysmal depolarizing shift in epileptic attacks. This change in the resting membrane potential at seizure foci could cause spontaneous opening of voltage activated calcium channels, leading to glutamic acid release and further depolarization. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutamic_acid) [HMDB]
-
BOC Sciences Best of Chemicals Supplier Quality supplier of research chemicals and biochemicals including inhibitors, building blocks, GMP Products, impurities and metabolites, APIs for Veterinary, Natural Compounds, ADCs, Stem Cell Molecule and chiral compounds. BOC Sciences provides a wide range of services to support the pharmaceutical industry through all stages of drug discovery including Custom Synthesis of those chemicals that are not in stock, Isotope Labeling Service, Chiral Synthesis and Resolution, Bioconjugation, PEGylation services, analytical services. BOC Sciences is a brand of BOCSCI Inc. We leverage our wide spectrum of business in the fields of development, manufacturing, marketing, and distribution to help you make best-informed decisions tailored to your evolving needs for premium chemicals. Our complete suite of CRO services spans the entire molecule development pipeline including contract research for target identification, building blocks, compound synthesis, biochemical and cellular analysis, preclinical animal tests, and clinical studies. Email: Marketing US Email: Marketing Email: Sales US Email: Sales Voice: 1-631-485-4226 Fax: 1-631-614-7828 US Voice: 1-631-485-4226 US Fax: 1-631-614-7828 Europe 44-203-286-1088 Facebook Twitter Linkedin Blog Get the App! Product(s): 1116-22-9 gamma-L-Glutamyl-L-glutamic acid
-
-
Penta International Corporation Chemistry innovation At Penta, our products and services help businesses do business better. For over 30 years, Penta Manufacturing Company has played a growing role in worldwide chemistry innovations and applications. As an industry leader, Penta continues to pioneer chemistry-based solutions for practically every area of commerce. Our products and expertise have helped fuel technical advances in dozens of commercial applications including flavoring, coloring, fragrances and chemical processes. US Email: Technical Services US Email: Sales US Voice: (973) 740-2300 US Fax: (973) 740-1839 Product(s): 07-29000 L-GLUTAMYL-L-GLUTAMIC ACID
-
| CAS Number: | 1116-22-9 |  3D/inchi
|
| ECHA EINECS - REACH Pre-Reg: | 214-233-2 | |
| FDA UNII: | 6018KCN7X2 | |
| Nikkaji Web: | J203.335F | |
| XlogP3-AA: | -4.30 (est) | |
| Molecular Weight: | 276.24592000 | |
| Formula: | C10 H16 N2 O7 | |
| NMR Predictor: | Predict (works with chrome or firefox) | |
Category: natural substances and extractives
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
| Google Scholar: | Search |
| Google Books: | Search |
| Google Scholar: with word "volatile" | Search |
| Google Scholar: with word "flavor" | Search |
| Google Scholar: with word "odor" | Search |
| Google Patents: | Search |
| US Patents: | Search |
| EU Patents: | Search |
| Pubchem Patents: | Search |
| PubMed: | Search |
| NCBI: | Search |
Physical Properties:
| Assay: | 95.00 to 100.00 % |
| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
| Boiling Point: | 664.08 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est) |
| Flash Point: | 672.00 °F. TCC ( 355.40 °C. ) (est) |
| logP (o/w): | -2.603 (est) |
| Soluble in: | |
| water, 8.444e+004 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) | |
Organoleptic Properties:
| Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). | |
Cosmetic Information:
| None found |
Suppliers:
| BOC Sciences |
| For experimental / research use only. |
| gamma-L-Glutamyl-L-glutamic acid |
| Penta International |
| L-GLUTAMYL-L-GLUTAMIC ACID |
Safety Information:
| Hazards identification | |
| Classification of the substance or mixture | |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) | |
| None found. | |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements | |
| Pictogram | |
| Hazard statement(s) | |
| None found. | |
| Precautionary statement(s) | |
| None found. | |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: | |
| Not determined | |
| Dermal Toxicity: | |
| Not determined | |
| Inhalation Toxicity: | |
| Not determined | |
Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | natural substances and extractives | ||
| Recommendation for gamma-laevo-glutamyl-laevo-glutamic acid usage levels up to: | |||
| not for fragrance use. | |||
| Recommendation for gamma-laevo-glutamyl-laevo-glutamic acid flavor usage levels up to: | |||
| not for flavor use. | |||
Safety References:
| EPI System: | View |
| AIDS Citations: | Search |
| Cancer Citations: | Search |
| Toxicology Citations: | Search |
| EPA ACToR: | Toxicology Data |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS): | Registry |
| Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary : | 92865 |
| National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: | Data |
| (2S)-2-[[(4S)-4-amino-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]pentanedioic acid | |
| Chemidplus: | 0001116229 |
References:
| (2S)-2-[[(4S)-4-amino-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]pentanedioic acid | |
| NIST Chemistry WebBook: | Search Inchi |
| Pubchem (cid): | 92865 |
| Pubchem (sid): | 135051189 |
Other Information:
| (IUPAC): | Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf) |
| Videos: | The Periodic Table of Videos |
| tgsc: | Atomic Weights use for this web site |
| (IUPAC): | Periodic Table of the Elements |
| CHEBI: | View |
| KEGG (GenomeNet): | C05282 |
| HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database): | HMDB11737 |
| FooDB: | FDB028415 |
| Export Tariff Code: | 2924.10.1050 |
| VCF-Online: | VCF Volatile Compounds in Food |
| ChemSpider: | View |
Potential Blenders and core components note
| None Found | ||
Potential Uses:
| None Found |
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
| found in nature |
Synonyms:
| (2S)-2-[[(4S)-4- | amino-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]pentanedioic acid |
| g-L- | glutamyl-L-glutamic acid |
| L-g- | glutamyl-L-glutamic acid |
| N-gamma-l- | glutamyl-L-glutamic acid |