Articles:
phytoglycogen
Notes:
wikipedia: glycogen is the molecule that functions as the secondary long-term energy storage in animal and fungal cells. it is made primarily by the liver and the muscles, but can also be made by glycogenesis within the brain and stomach... Glycogen is a highly-branched polymer of about 30,000 glucose residues and has a molecular weight between 106 and 107 daltons (4.8 million approx.). Most of Glc units are linked by alpha-1,4 glycosidic bonds, approximately 1 in 12 Glc residues also makes -1,6 glycosidic bond with a second Glc which results in the creation of a branch. Glycogen only has one reducing end and a large number of non-reducing ends with a free hydroxyl group at carbon 4. The glycogen granules contain both glycogen and the enzymes of glycogen synthesis (glycogenesis) and degradation (glycogenolysis). The enzymes are nested between the outer branches of the glycogen molecules and act on the non-reducing ends. Therefore, the many non-reducing end-branches of glycogen facilitate its rapid synthesis and breakdown.
In hypoglycemia caused by excessive insulin, liver glycogen levels are high, but the high insulin level prevents the glycogenolysis necessary to maintain normal blood sugar levels. Glucagon is a common treatment for this type of hypoglycemia.
Glycogen is a polysaccharide that is the principal storage form of glucose (Glc) in animal and human cells. Glycogen is found in the form of granules in the cytosol in many cell types. Hepatocytes (liver cells) have the highest concentration of it - up to 8% of the fresh weight in well fed state, or 100 to 120 g in an adult - giving liver a distinctive, 'starchy taste'. In the muscles, glycogen is found in a much lower concentration (1% of the muscle mass), but the total amount exceeds that in liver. Small amounts of glycogen are found in the kidneys, and even smaller amounts in certain glial cells in the brain and white blood cells. [HMDB]
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| CAS Number: | 9005-79-2 |  3D/inchi
|
| ECHA EINECS - REACH Pre-Reg: | 232-683-8 | |
| FDA UNII: | 309GSC92U1 | |
| Nikkaji Web: | J651.129E | |
| MDL: | MFCD00081547 | |
| XlogP3-AA: | -8.50 (est) | |
| Molecular Weight: | 666.58194000 | |
| Formula: | C24 H42 O21 | |
| NMR Predictor: | Predict (works with chrome or firefox) | |
Category: humectants, skin conditioning
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
| Google Scholar: | Search |
| Google Books: | Search |
| Google Scholar: with word "volatile" | Search |
| Google Scholar: with word "flavor" | Search |
| Google Scholar: with word "odor" | Search |
| Google Patents: | Search |
| US Patents: | Search |
| EU Patents: | Search |
| Pubchem Patents: | Search |
| PubMed: | Search |
| NCBI: | Search |
Physical Properties:
| Assay: | 95.00 to 100.00 % |
| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
| Boiling Point: | 1027.20 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est) |
| Flash Point: | 1067.00 °F. TCC ( 575.00 °C. ) (est) |
| logP (o/w): | -5.590 (est) |
| Soluble in: | |
| water, 1e+006 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) | |
Organoleptic Properties:
| Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). | |
Cosmetic Information:
| CosIng: | cosmetic data |
| Cosmetic Uses: |
humectants skin conditioning |
Suppliers:
| BOC Sciences |
| For experimental / research use only. |
| Glycogen - from oyster |
| Glentham Life Sciences |
| Glycogen, from plant |
| Glentham Life Sciences |
| Glycogen |
| Indis NV |
| For experimental / research use only. |
| Glycogen |
| Santa Cruz Biotechnology |
| For experimental / research use only. |
| Glycogen |
| Sigma-Aldrich: Sigma |
| For experimental / research use only. |
| Glycogen from Mytilus edulis (Blue mussel) Type VII |
Safety Information:
| Preferred SDS: View | |
| Hazards identification | |
| Classification of the substance or mixture | |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) | |
| None found. | |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements | |
| Pictogram | |
| Hazard statement(s) | |
| None found. | |
| Precautionary statement(s) | |
| None found. | |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: | |
| Not determined | |
| Dermal Toxicity: | |
| Not determined | |
| Inhalation Toxicity: | |
| Not determined | |
Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | humectants, skin conditioning | ||
| Recommendation for glycogen usage levels up to: | |||
| not for fragrance use. | |||
| Recommendation for glycogen flavor usage levels up to: | |||
| not for flavor use. | |||
Safety References:
| EPI System: | View |
| AIDS Citations: | Search |
| Cancer Citations: | Search |
| Toxicology Citations: | Search |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA): | 9005-79-2 |
| EPA ACToR: | Toxicology Data |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS): | Registry |
| Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary : | 439177 |
| National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: | Data |
| WGK Germany: | 3 |
| Chemidplus: | 0009005792 |
| RTECS: | MC2700000 for cas# 9005-79-2 |
References:
| NIST Chemistry WebBook: | Search Inchi |
| Canada Domestic Sub. List: | 9005-79-2 |
| Pubchem (cid): | 439177 |
| Pubchem (sid): | 135280185 |
Other Information:
| (IUPAC): | Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf) |
| Videos: | The Periodic Table of Videos |
| tgsc: | Atomic Weights use for this web site |
| (IUPAC): | Periodic Table of the Elements |
| CHEBI: | View |
| Metabolomics Database: | Search |
| KEGG (GenomeNet): | C00182 |
| HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database): | HMDB00757 |
| FooDB: | FDB022227 |
| YMDB (Yeast Metabolome Database): | YMDB00881 |
| Export Tariff Code: | 3505.10.0090 |
| VCF-Online: | VCF Volatile Compounds in Food |
| ChemSpider: | View |
| Wikipedia: | View |
Potential Blenders and core components note
| None Found | ||
Potential Uses:
| humectants |
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
| found in nature |
Synonyms:
| dextro- | glycogen ex mammalian liver |
| lyoglycogen | |
| phytoglycogen | |
| animal | starch |
| liver | starch |