pseudocumene
methyl-p-xylene
 
Notes:
None found
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CAS Number: 95-63-6Picture of molecule3D/inchi
ECHA EINECS - REACH Pre-Reg: 202-436-9
FDA UNII: 34X0W8052F
Nikkaji Web: J3.567J
Beilstein Number: 1903005
MDL: MFCD00008527
XlogP3-AA: 3.00 (est)
Molecular Weight: 120.19464000
Formula: C9 H12
NMR Predictor: Predict (works with chrome or firefox)
Category: information only not used for fragrances or flavors
 
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
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Physical Properties:
Appearance: colorless liquid (est)
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00 % 
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Specific Gravity: 0.88900 @  25.00 °C.
Boiling Point: 168.00 to  170.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 2.100000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C.
Flash Point: 120.00 °F. TCC ( 48.89 °C. )
logP (o/w): 3.630
Soluble in:
 alcohol
 water, 57 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp)
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Organoleptic Properties:
 
Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found).
 
 
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Cosmetic Information:
None found
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Suppliers:
EMD Millipore
For experimental / research use only.
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
Santa Cruz Biotechnology
For experimental / research use only.
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene 98%
Sigma-Aldrich: Aldrich
For experimental / research use only.
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene 98%
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Safety Information:
Preferred SDS: View
 
Hazards identification
 
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
 
Pictogram
 
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
oral-rat LD50  5000 mg/kg
"Prehled Prumyslove Toxikologie; Organicke Latky," Marhold, J., Prague, Czechoslovakia, Avicenum, 1986Vol. -, Pg. 34, 1986.

intraperitoneal-guinea pig LDLo  1788 mg/kg
AMA Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Medicine. Vol. 9, Pg. 227, 1954.

intraperitoneal-rat LDLo  1752 mg/kg
"Merck Index; an Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals", 11th ed., Rahway, NJ 07065, Merck & Co., Inc. 1989Vol. 11, Pg. 1258, 1989.

Dermal Toxicity:
Not determined
Inhalation Toxicity:
inhalation-rat LC50 18000 mg/m3/4H
Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 44(5), Pg. 15, 1979.

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Safety in Use Information:
Category: information only not used for fragrances or flavors
Recommendation for pseudocumene usage levels up to:
 not for fragrance use.
 
Recommendation for pseudocumene flavor usage levels up to:
 not for flavor use.
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Safety References:
EPI System: View
NIOSH International Chemical Safety Cards: search
NIOSH Pocket Guide: search
Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System: Search
Cancer Citations: Search
Toxicology Citations: Search
Carcinogenic Potency Database: Search
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA): 95-63-6
EPA ACToR: Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS): Registry
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary : 7247
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: Data
WISER: UN 1993
WGK Germany: 2
 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene
Chemidplus: 0000095636
EPA/NOAA CAMEO: hazardous materials
RTECS: 95-63-6
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References:
 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene
NIST Chemistry WebBook: Search Inchi
Canada Domestic Sub. List: 95-63-6
Pubchem (cid): 7247
Pubchem (sid): 134971889
Flavornet: 95-63-6
Pherobase: View
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Other Information:
(IUPAC): Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos: The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc: Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC): Periodic Table of the Elements
CHEBI: View
CHEMBL: View
KEGG (GenomeNet): C14533
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database): Search
FooDB: FDB005815
Export Tariff Code: 2902.90.1000
VCF-Online: VCF Volatile Compounds in Food
ChemSpider: View
Wikipedia: View
Formulations/Preparations:
grades: 95%, 99%, and research
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Potential Blenders and core components note
 
None Found
 
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Potential Uses:
None Found
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Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
 corn silk
Search Trop  Picture
 not found in nature
 walnut black walnut oil
Search Trop  Picture
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Synonyms:
 benzene, 1,2,4-trimethyl-
pseudocumol
 methyl-p-xylene
 methyl-para-xylene
1,2,4-trimethyl benzene
1,2,4-trimethyl-benzene
1,2,4-trimethylbenzene
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Articles:
PubMed: An exploratory study of air emissions associated with shale gas development and production in the Barnett Shale.
PubMed: Nationally representative levels of selected volatile organic compounds in Canadian residential indoor air: population-based survey.
PubMed: Induction of thymic stromal lymphopoietin production by nonanoic acid and exacerbation of allergic inflammation in mice.
PubMed: Two-dimensional modeling of volatile organic compounds adsorption onto beaded activated carbon.
PubMed: Anaerobic/aerobic treatment of a petrochemical wastewater from two aromatic transformation processes by fluidized bed reactors.
PubMed: Kinetics and mechanism of the reaction of OH with the trimethylbenzenes--experimental evidence for the formation of adduct isomers.
PubMed: Electrochemical preparation of poly(p-phenylenediamine-co-aniline) composite coating on a stainless steel wire for the headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatographic determination of some derivatives of benzene.
PubMed: Vibrational analysis and valence force field for nitrotoluenes, dimethylanilines and some substituted methylbenzenes.
PubMed: [Observation and study on atmospheric VOCs in Changsha city].
PubMed: Solid phase microextraction, mass spectrometry and metabolomic approaches for detection of potential urinary cancer biomarkers--a powerful strategy for breast cancer diagnosis.
PubMed: Prompt HO2 formation following the reaction of OH with aromatic compounds under atmospheric conditions.
PubMed: Confirmed assignments of isomeric dimethylbenzyl radicals generated by corona discharge.
PubMed: Loss of volatile hydrocarbons from an LNAPL oil source.
PubMed: Silylium-arene adducts: an experimental and theoretical study.
PubMed: Relationship between the thermally induced reorientations of aromatic solvate molecules in Cu(hfac)2-nitroxide breathing crystals and the character of the magnetic anomaly.
PubMed: Characterizations of volatile organic compounds during high ozone episodes in Beijing, China.
PubMed: Concentration characteristics of VOCs and acids/bases in the gas phase and water-soluble ions in the particle phase at an electrical industry park during construction and mass production.
PubMed: Quantitative assessments of indoor air pollution and respiratory health in a population-based sample of French dwellings.
PubMed: Electrochemical preparation of polyaniline-ionic liquid based solid phase microextraction fiber and its application in the determination of benzene derivatives.
PubMed: Health risk assessment of exposure to selected volatile organic compounds emitted from an integrated iron and steel plant.
PubMed: Estimation of absorption of aromatic hydrocarbons diffusing from interior materials in automobile cabins by inhalation toxicokinetic analysis in rats.
PubMed: Fate of aromatic hydrocarbons in Italian municipal wastewater systems: an overview of wastewater treatment using conventional activated-sludge processes (CASP) and membrane bioreactors (MBRs).
PubMed: Formation yields of glyoxal and methylglyoxal from the gas-phase OH radical-initiated reactions of toluene, xylenes, and trimethylbenzenes as a function of NO2 concentration.
PubMed: Neurobehavioral effects of acute exposure to aromatic hydrocarbons.
PubMed: Contrasting effects of 4-week inhalation exposure to pseudocumene or hemimellitene on sensitivity to amphetamine and propensity to amphetamine sensitization in the rat.
PubMed: [Study on concentration, ozone production potential and sources of VOCs in the atmosphere of Beijing during Olympics period].
PubMed: Using a biological aerated filter to treat mixed water-borne volatile organic compounds and assessing its emissions.
PubMed: Formation of zwitterionic fullerodendron using a new DBN-focal dendron.
PubMed: Speciated VOC emission inventory and spatial patterns of ozone formation potential in the Pearl River Delta, China.
PubMed: Volatile organic compounds in a residential and commercial urban area with a diesel, compressed natural gas and oxygenated gasoline vehicular fleet.
PubMed: Revolving hollow fiber-liquid phase microextraction coupled to GC/MS using electron ionization for quantification of five aromatic hydrocarbon isomers.
PubMed: Synthesis and electrochemical evaluation of conjugates between 2'-deoxyadenosine and modified anthraquinone: probes for hole-transfer studies in DNA.
PubMed: Nature and prevalence of non-additive toxic effects in industrially relevant mixtures of organic chemicals.
PubMed: Assessing in situ rates of anaerobic hydrocarbon bioremediation.
PubMed: Formaldehyde and volatile organic compounds in Hong Kong homes: concentrations and impact factors.
PubMed: Determination of substituted benzenes in water samples by fiber-in-tube liquid phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography.
PubMed: Toxicity assessment of organic contaminants: evaluation of mixture effects in model industrial mixtures using 2n full factorial design.
PubMed: Gas chromatographic analysis of petroleum associated condensate oil with simultaneous determination of some characteristic physical parameters.
PubMed: Selective enhancement of the fluorescent pseudomonad population after amending the recirculating nutrient solution of hydroponically grown plants with a nitrogen stabilizer.
PubMed: Volatile organic compound constituents from an integrated iron and steel facility.
PubMed: Crystal structure and growth mechanism of unusually long fullerene (C60) nanowires.
PubMed: In-tube extraction for enrichment of volatile organic hydrocarbons from aqueous samples.
PubMed: Occurrence and potential human-health relevance of volatile organic compounds in drinking water from domestic wells in the United States.
PubMed: Model studies for evaluating the neurobehavioral effects of complex hydrocarbon solvents II. Neurobehavioral effects of white spirit in rat and human.
PubMed: Mesoporous materials with zeolite framework: remarkable effect of the hierarchical structure for retardation of catalyst deactivation.
PubMed: Nanodosemeters based on gel scintillators.
PubMed: A new blend of white sapote fruit volatiles as potential attractant to Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae).
PubMed: A new approach to determine method detection limits for compound-specific isotope analysis of volatile organic compounds.
PubMed: Determination of aromatic hydrocarbons in bituminous emulsion sealants using headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
PubMed: Kinetics and products of photolysis and reaction with OH radicals of a series of aromatic carbonyl compounds.
PubMed: Treatment of volatile organic chemicals on the EPA Contaminant Candidate List using ozonation and the O3/H2O2 advanced oxidation process.
PubMed: Application of monitored natural attenuation to remediate a petroleum-hydrocarbon spill site.
PubMed: Measurement of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in new residential buildings and VOCs behavior over time.
PubMed: 3,4-dimethylbenzyl radical formed in a corona discharge of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene.
PubMed: A physiological pharmacokinetic model based on tissue lipid content for simulating inhalation pharmacokinetics of highly lipophilic volatile organic chemicals.
PubMed: Influence of ethanol-gasoline blended fuel on emission characteristics from a four-stroke motorcycle engine.
PubMed: Developmental toxicity of two trimethylbenzene isomers, mesitylene and pseudocumene, in rats following inhalation exposure.
PubMed: Determination of aromatic hydrocarbons in asphalt release agents using headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
PubMed: The relationship between volatile organic profiles and emission sources in ozone episode region-a case study in Southern Taiwan.
PubMed: Theoretical study of the methylbenzene side-chain hydrocarbon pool mechanism in methanol to olefin catalysis.
PubMed: Comparison of the efficacy of biodegradable and non-biodegradable scintillation liquids on the counting of tritium- and [14C]-labeled compounds.
PubMed: Biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbon vapors: laboratory studies on rates and kinetics in unsaturated alluvial sand.
PubMed: Degradation of volatile hydrocarbons from steam-classified solid waste by a mixture of aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria.
PubMed: High-energy physics. Environmental report paralyzes Italian neutrino lab.
PubMed: Fatal lipoid pneumonia due to bronco-aspiration of isoparaffin after ingestion of an organophosphate insecticide.
PubMed: In situ biodegradation determined by carbon isotope fractionation of aromatic hydrocarbons in an anaerobic landfill leachate plume (Vejen, Denmark).
PubMed: In vitro evaluation of the efficacy of skin barrier creams and protective gloves on percutaneous absorption of industrial solvents.
PubMed: Pseudocumene in brain, liver, lung and blood of rats after single and repeated inhalation exposure.
PubMed: Chemical biotechnology for the specific oxyfunctionalization of hydrocarbons on a technical scale.
PubMed: [The lipid peroxidation system in the organism of experimental animals after exposure to cyclic hydrocarbons].
PubMed: [Effect of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene inhalation on energy metabolism in experimental animals].
PubMed: Degradation of toluene, xylene, and trimethylbenzene vapors by biofiltration: a comparison.
PubMed: Assessment of long-term neurotoxic effects of exposure to mesitylene (1,3,5-trimethylbenzene) based on the analysis of selected behavioral responses.
PubMed: Use of the two-liquid phase concept to exploit kinetically controlled multistep biocatalysis.
PubMed: Effects of occupational exposure to a mixture of solvents on the inner ear: a field study.
PubMed: Toxicokinetics and metabolism of pseudocumene (1,2,4-trimethylbenzene) after inhalation exposure in rats.
PubMed: MTBE and aromatic hydrocarbons in North Carolina stormwater runoff.
PubMed: Gas-phase ion/molecule reactions between dimethoxyphosphonium ions and aromatic hydrocarbons.
PubMed: Characterization and application of xylene monooxygenase for multistep biocatalysis.
PubMed: Biodegradation of soluble aromatic compounds of jet fuel under anaerobic conditions: laboratory batch experiments.
PubMed: [Microsomal monooxygenases upon inhalation exposure to pseudocumene and durene].
PubMed: Detection of petroleum hydrocarbons at low ppb levels using quartz resonator sensors and instrumentation of a smart environmental monitoring system.
PubMed: The effect of aliphatic, naphthenic, and aromatic hydrocarbons on production of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species in rat brain synaptosome fraction: the involvement of calcium, nitric oxide synthase, mitochondria, and phospholipase A.
PubMed: Application of microbial enumeration technique to evaluate the occurrence of natural bioremediation.
PubMed: Behavioral effects following subacute inhalation exposure to m-xylene or trimethylbenzene in the rat: a comparative study.
PubMed: Air and biological monitoring of solvent exposure during graffiti removal.
PubMed: Headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric screening for volatile hydrocarbons in blood.
PubMed: The effects of aliphatic (n-nonane), naphtenic (1,2, 4-trimethylcyclohexane), and aromatic (1,2,4-trimethylbenzene) hydrocarbons on respiratory burst in human neutrophil granulocytes.
PubMed: Sub-chronic inhalation toxicity of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene (pseudocumene) in rats.
PubMed: Changes in electrocortical arousal following acute trimethylbenzene administration in rats.
PubMed: Xylene monooxygenase catalyzes the multistep oxygenation of toluene and pseudocumene to corresponding alcohols, aldehydes, and acids in Escherichia coli JM101.
PubMed: Selection of microbial populations degrading recalcitrant hydrocarbons of gasoline by monitoring of culture-headspace composition.
PubMed: Identification of the dimethylbenzyl mercapturic acid in urine of rats administered with 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene.
PubMed: Effects of acute exposure to aromatic hydrocarbons C 9 on locomotor activity in rats. Trimethylbenzene isomers.
PubMed: [State of energy metabolism and microsomal monooxygenases in animals exposed to inhaled 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene].
PubMed: Neurotoxicity assessment of selected organic solvents based on spontaneous and evoked cortical and hippocampal activity in rats.
PubMed: [Assessment of acute neurotoxic effect of exposure to certain organic solvents based on an analysis of bioelectric function of the rat cerebral cortex].
PubMed: Physiologically based modeling of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene inhalation toxicokinetics.
PubMed: Behavioural changes following a four-week inhalation exposure to hemimellitene (1,2,3-trimethylbenzene) in rats.
PubMed: [Changes in biochemical parameters of erythrocytes in workers engaged in pyromellitic dianhydride production].
PubMed: Toxicokinetics of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene in humans exposed to vapours of white spirit: comparison with exposure to 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene alone.
PubMed: Genotoxicity evaluation of trimethylbenzenes.
PubMed: Results of long-term experimental carcinogenicity studies of the effects of gasoline, correlated fuels, and major gasoline aromatics on rats.
PubMed: Behavioral changes following 4-week inhalation exposure to pseudocumene (1,2,4-trimethylbenzene) in the rat.
PubMed: Biological monitoring of experimental human exposure to trimethylbenzene.
PubMed: Inhalation toxicokinetics of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene in volunteers: comparison between exposure to white spirit and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene alone.
PubMed: Respiratory irritative effects of trimethylbenzenes: an experimental animal study.
PubMed: [Changes in function of rabbit cerebral cortex after intraperitoneal injections of organic solvents. II. Pseudocumene and 4-ethyltoluene].
PubMed: Retardation of the age-related increase in spontaneous cortical spike-wave discharges (SWD) in rats after a 28-day inhalation (SWD) in rats after a 28-day inhalation exposure to an industrial solvent, pseudocumene (1,2,4-trimethylbenzene).
PubMed: Urinary excretion of dimethylhippuric acids in humans after exposure to trimethylbenzenes.
PubMed: Organisation of the tmb catabolic operons of Pseudomonas putida TMB and evolutionary relationship with the xyl operons of the TOL plasmid pWW0.
PubMed: Toxicokinetics of inhaled trimethylbenzenes in man.
PubMed: Oxidation of naphthenoaromatic and methyl-substituted aromatic compounds by naphthalene 1,2-dioxygenase.
PubMed: Neurotoxic effects of acute and subchronic inhalation exposure to trimethylbenzene isomers (pseudocumene, mesitylene, hemimellitene) in rats.
PubMed: [Comparison of standard methods for determination of pseudocumene in urine using gas chromatography with the headspace technique and a new method using a headspace automatic sampler].
PubMed: Inhalation experiments with mixtures of hydrocarbons. Experimental design, statistics and interpretation of kinetics and possible interactions.
PubMed: Cooperative organization of inorganic-surfactant and biomimetic assemblies.
PubMed: Toxic effects of acute inhalation exposure to 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene (pseudocumene) in experimental animals.
PubMed: Liquid/air partition coefficients of the trimethylbenzenes.
PubMed: Determination of 3,4-dimethylhippuric acid as a biological monitoring index for trimethylbenzene exposure in transfer printing workers.
PubMed: [Determination of dimethylbenzoic acid isomers in urine by gas chromatography].
PubMed: Inhibition of alkylbenzene biodegradation under denitrifying conditions by using the acetylene block technique.
PubMed: Physiological properties of a Pseudomonas strain which grows with p-xylene in a two-phase (organic-aqueous) medium.
PubMed: Urinary excretion of 3,4-dimethylhippuric acid in workers exposed to 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene.
PubMed: [Exposure to organic solvent vapors during production of lacquers for automobile painting].
PubMed: Determination of kerosene and light oil components in blood.
PubMed: Identification and catabolic activity of well-derived gasoline-degrading bacteria from a contaminated aquifer.
PubMed: Accumulation and distribution of aliphatic (n-nonane), aromatic (1,2,4-trimethylbenzene) and naphthenic (1,2,4-trimethylcyclohexane) hydrocarbons in the rat after repeated inhalation.
PubMed: Protection against chemical-induced lung injury by inhibition of pulmonary cytochrome P-450.
PubMed: Regulator and enzyme specificities of the TOL plasmid-encoded upper pathway for degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons and expansion of the substrate range of the pathway.
PubMed: Determination of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene (pseudocumene) in serum of a person exposed to liquid scintillation counting solutions by GC/MS.
PubMed: Ultrastructural effects of phosphorothionates and other inhibitors of lung monooxygenases: protection against trialkylphosphorothiolate-induced lung injury.
PubMed: Distribution and metabolism of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene (pseudocumene) in the rat.
PubMed: Gasoline and kerosene components in blood--a forensic analysis.
PubMed: Uptake of 19 hydrocarbon vapors inhaled by F344 rats.
PubMed: Gas chromatographic determination for forensic purposes of petroleum fuel inhaled just before fatal burning.
PubMed: Isolation of a Pseudomonas stutzeri strain that degrades o-xylene.
PubMed: [Increase in the colony count in drinking water tanks caused by solvents from the coating material].
PubMed: Characterization of a novel TOL-like plasmid from Pseudomonas putida involved in 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene degradation.
PubMed: Identification of cis-diols as intermediates in the oxidation of aromatic acids by a strain of Pseudomonas putida that contains a TOL plasmid.
PubMed: Application of gas chromatography in conjunction with enrichment of samples on active carbon to determine low concentrations of organic compounds in air. Part I. Aromatic hydrocarbons.
PubMed: Kinetics of solvents release from paint coatings. I. Paint coating hardened at +20 degrees C temperature.
PubMed: [Various aspects of the effects of pseudocumene and monochloromethylpseudocumene on the workers engaged in bis(alkylbenzyl)ethylene sulfide (ABES additive) manufacturing].
PubMed: [Gas chromatographic determination of pseudocumene, mono-and dichloromethylpseudocumene and dichloroethane in the air].
PubMed: Isolation and characterization of spontaneously occurring TOL plasmid mutants of Pseudomonas putida HS1.
PubMed: Catabolism of pseudocumene and 3-ethyltoluene by Pseudomonas putida (arvilla) mt-2: evidence for new functions of the TOL (pWWO) plasmid.
PubMed: Acidic metabolites of pseudocumene in rabbit urine.
PubMed: [Primary oxidation of pseudocumene by Pseudomonas aeruginosa].
PubMed: The comparative metabolism of mesitylene, pseudocumene, and hemimellitene in rats.
PubMed: OZONIZATION OF o-XYLENE AND 1,2,4-TRIMETHYLBENZENE.
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