(-)-strychnine
(4aR,5aS,8aR,13aS,15aS,15bR)-4a,5,5a,7,8,13a,15,15a,15b,16-decahydro-2H-4,6-methanoindolo[3,2,1-ij]oxepino[2,3,4-de]pyrrolo[2,3-h]quinoline-14-one
 
Notes:
an alkaloid found in the seeds of strychnos nux-vomica. it is a competitive antagonist at glycine receptors and thus a convulsant. it has been used as an analeptic, in the treatment of nonketotic hyperglycinemia and sleep apnea, and as a rat poison.
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search
CAS Number: 57-24-9Picture of molecule3D/inchi
Other(deleted CASRN): 101324-33-8
ECHA EINECS - REACH Pre-Reg: 200-319-7
FDA UNII: H9Y79VD43J
Nikkaji Web: J4.576D
Beilstein Number: 0052979
MDL: MFCD00005941
XlogP3-AA: 389.00 (est)
Molecular Weight: 334.41874000
Formula: C21 H22 N2 O2
NMR Predictor: Predict (works with chrome or firefox)
Category: toxic natural substances
 
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Google Scholar: Search
Google Books: Search
Google Scholar: with word "volatile"Search
Google Scholar: with word "flavor"Search
Google Scholar: with word "odor"Search
Google Patents: Search
US Patents: Search
EU Patents: Search
Pubchem Patents: Search
PubMed: Search
NCBI: Search
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Physical Properties:
Appearance: colorless transparent crystals (est)
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00 % 
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Melting Point: 287.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
logP (o/w): 1.930
Soluble in:
 water, 160 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp)
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Organoleptic Properties:
 
Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found).
 
 
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Cosmetic Information:
None found
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Suppliers:
Alfa Biotechnology
For experimental / research use only.
Strychnine 98%
Indo World Trading
Strychnine
Sigma-Aldrich: Sigma
For experimental / research use only.
Strychnine
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Safety Information:
Preferred SDS: View
 
Hazards identification
 
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
 
Pictogram
 
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
oral-bird - wild LD50  16 mg/kg
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 20, Pg. 57, 1971.

oral-cat LD50  500 ug/kg
BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD
Recueil de Medecine Veterinaire. Vol. 154, Pg. 137, 1978.

intravenous-cat LDLo  330 ug/kg
"Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." Vol. 4, Pg. 1403, 1935.

oral-chicken LDLo  30 mg/kg
"Ueber die Wirkung Verschiedener Gifte Auf Vogel, Dissertation," Forchheimer, L., Pharmakologischen Institut der Universitat Wurzburg, Fed. Rep. Ger., 1931Vol. -, Pg. -, 1931.

oral-child TDLo  24 mg/kg
BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD PERIPHERAL NERVE AND SENSATION: SPASTIC PARALYSIS WITH OR WITHOUT SENSORY CHANGE BEHAVIORAL: GENERAL ANESTHETIC
Pediatric Emergency Care. Vol. 15, Pg. 264, 1999.

intravenous-dog LD50  800 ug/kg
BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD BEHAVIORAL: TREMOR
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 126, Pg. 41, 1959.

oral-dog LD50  500 ug/kg
BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD
Recueil de Medecine Veterinaire. Vol. 154, Pg. 137, 1978.

oral-duck LD50  3 mg/kg
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 20, Pg. 57, 1971.

oral-frog LDLo  2100 ug/kg
"Ueber die Wirkung Verschiedener Gifte Auf Vogel, Dissertation," Forchheimer, L., Pharmakologischen Institut der Universitat Wurzburg, Fed. Rep. Ger., 1931Vol. -, Pg. -, 1931.

oral-human LDLo  30 mg/kg
Pesticide Chemicals Official Compendium, Association of the American Pesticide Control Officials, Inc., 1966. Vol. -, Pg. 1073, 1966.

oral-man LDLo  30 mg/kg
Pesticide Manual. Vol. 9, Pg. 771, 1991.

oral-man LDLo  5143 mg/kg
BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD BEHAVIORAL: COMA CARDIAC: CHANGE IN RATE
Journal of Toxicology, Clinical Toxicology. Vol. 30, Pg. 269, 1992.

unreported-man LDLo  1103 ug/kg
"Poisoning; Toxicology, Symptoms, Treatments," 2nd ed., Arena, J.M., Springfield, IL, C.C. Thomas, 1970Vol. 2, Pg. 73, 1970.

intramuscular-mouse LD50  628 ug/kg
BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES
Zhonghua Yixue Zazhi. Chinese Medical Journal. Vol. 54, Pg. 234, 1974.

intraperitoneal-mouse LD50  980 ug/kg
BEHAVIORAL: TREMOR BEHAVIORAL: EXCITEMENT BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 128, Pg. 176, 1960.

intravenous-mouse LD50  410 ug/kg
Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. Vol. 128, Pg. 204, 1960.

oral-mouse LD50  2 mg/kg
Indian Journal of Experimental Biology. Vol. 19, Pg. 1075, 1981.

parenteral-mouse LD50  1060 ug/kg
Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 11, Pg. 657, 1961.

unreported-mouse LD50  500 ug/kg
Igaku No Ayumi. Progress in Medicine. Vol. 112, Pg. 861, 1980.

oral-quail LD50  23 mg/kg
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 20, Pg. 57, 1971.

intravenous-rabbit LD50  400 ug/kg
BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA BEHAVIORAL: TREMOR BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 126, Pg. 41, 1959.

oral-rabbit LDLo  600 ug/kg
"Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." Vol. 4, Pg. 1403, 1935.

intramuscular-rat LD50  1400 ug/kg
BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES
Zhonghua Yixue Zazhi. Chinese Medical Journal. Vol. 54, Pg. 234, 1974.

intraperitoneal-rat LD50  1100 ug/kg
BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 58, Pg. 239, 1936.

intravenous-rat LD50  582 ug/kg
BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES
Zhonghua Yixue Zazhi. Chinese Medical Journal. Vol. 54, Pg. 234, 1974.

oral-rat LD50  2350 ug/kg
Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association, Scientific Edition. Vol. 31, Pg. 113, 1942.

unreported-rat LDLo  1 mg/kg
Pesticide Manual. Vol. 9, Pg. 771, 1991.

Dermal Toxicity:
subcutaneous-cat LDLo 250 ug/kg
BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD BEHAVIORAL: IRRITABILITY
Zhonghua Yixue Zazhi. Chinese Medical Journal. Vol. 54, Pg. 234, 1974.

subcutaneous-chicken LDLo 3 mg/kg
"Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." Vol. 4, Pg. 1403, 1935.

subcutaneous-dog LDLo 350 ug/kg
"Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." Vol. 4, Pg. 1403, 1935.

subcutaneous-duck LDLo 1 mg/kg
"Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." Vol. 4, Pg. 1403, 1935.

subcutaneous-frog LDLo 35 ug/kg
"Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." Vol. 4, Pg. 1403, 1935.

subcutaneous-guinea pig LDLo 3200 ug/kg
"Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." Vol. 4, Pg. 1403, 1935.

subcutaneous-mouse LD50 474 ug/kg
BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD
Acta Pharmaceutica Suecica. Vol. 7, Pg. 329, 1970.

subcutaneous-rabbit LDLo 400 ug/kg
"Ueber die Wirkung Verschiedener Gifte Auf Vogel, Dissertation," Forchheimer, L., Pharmakologischen Institut der Universitat Wurzburg, Fed. Rep. Ger., 1931Vol. -, Pg. -, 1931.

subcutaneous-rat LD50 1200 ug/kg
Russian Pharmacology and Toxicology Vol. 31, Pg. 260, 1968.

Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Safety in Use Information:
Category: toxic natural substances
Recommendation for (-)-strychnine usage levels up to:
 not for fragrance use.
 
Recommendation for (-)-strychnine flavor usage levels up to:
 not for flavor use.
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Safety References:
EPI System: View
EPA-Iris: IRIS
Daily Med: search
NIOSH International Chemical Safety Cards: search
AIDS Citations: Search
Cancer Citations: Search
Toxicology Citations: Search
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA): 57-24-9
EPA ACToR: Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS): Registry
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary : 441071
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: Data
WGK Germany: 3
 (4aR,5aS,8aR,13aS,15aS,15bR)-4a,5,5a,7,8,13a,15,15a,15b,16-decahydro-2H-4,6-methanoindolo[3,2,1-ij]oxepino[2,3,4-de]pyrrolo[2,3-h]quinoline-14-one
Chemidplus: 0000057249
EPA/NOAA CAMEO: hazardous materials
RTECS: 57-24-9
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
References:
 (4aR,5aS,8aR,13aS,15aS,15bR)-4a,5,5a,7,8,13a,15,15a,15b,16-decahydro-2H-4,6-methanoindolo[3,2,1-ij]oxepino[2,3,4-de]pyrrolo[2,3-h]quinoline-14-one
NIST Chemistry WebBook: Search Inchi
Canada Domestic Sub. List: 57-24-9
Pubchem (cid): 441071
Pubchem (sid): 134970705
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Other Information:
(IUPAC): Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos: The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc: Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC): Periodic Table of the Elements
CHEBI: View
CHEMBL: View
KEGG (GenomeNet): C06522
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database): Search
Export Tariff Code: 2939.90.5000
MedlinePlusSupp: View
VCF-Online: VCF Volatile Compounds in Food
ChemSpider: View
Wikipedia: View
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Potential Blenders and core components note
 
None Found
 
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Potential Uses:
None Found
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
 strychnos nux-vomica
Search Trop  Picture
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Synonyms:
 boomer-rid
 certox
(4aR,5aS,8aR,13aS,15aS,15bR)-4a,5,5a,7,8,13a,15,15a,15b,16-decahydro-2H-4,6-methanoindolo[3,2,1-ij]oxepino[2,3,4-de]pyrrolo[2,3-h]quinoline-14-one
 dolco mouse cereal
 gopher-gitter
 hare-rid
 strychnidin-10-one
 strychnine or strychnine salts [UN1692] [poison]
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Articles:
Info: Strychnine
PubMed: Dual mechanism for bitter avoidance in Drosophila.
PubMed: A study of Semen Strychni-induced renal injury and herb-herb interaction of Radix Glycyrrhizae extract and/or Rhizoma Ligustici extract on the comparative toxicokinetics of strychnine and brucine in rats.
PubMed: Bromethalin poisoning in a raccoon (Procyon lotor): diagnostic considerations and relevance to nontarget wildlife.
PubMed: Effects of Telfairia occidentalis (fluted pumpkin; Cucurbitaceae) in mouse models of convulsion, muscle relaxation, and depression.
PubMed: Brucine, an effective natural compound derived from nux-vomica, induces G1 phase arrest and apoptosis in LoVo cells.
PubMed: [Simultaneous determination of six adulterants in functional foods by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection].
PubMed: Genetic analysis of the electrophysiological response to salicin, a bitter substance, in a polyphagous strain of the silkworm Bombyx mori.
PubMed: Behavioral characterization of knockin mice with mutations M287L and Q266I in the glycine receptor α1 subunit.
PubMed: Screening of plant toxins in food, feed and botanicals using full-scan high-resolution (Orbitrap) mass spectrometry.
PubMed: Receptor agonism and antagonism of dietary bitter compounds.
PubMed: Prevalence of legal and illegal stimulating agents in sports.
PubMed: Consumption of bitter alkaloids in Drosophila melanogaster in multiple-choice test conditions.
PubMed: Anti-proliferative and cytotoxic effects of Strychnos nux-vomica root extract on human multiple myeloma cell line - RPMI 8226.
PubMed: Simple and rapid extraction, separation, and detection of alkaloids in beverages.
PubMed: Simultaneous determination of thirteen plant alkaloids in a human specimen by SPE and HPLC.
PubMed: A substance in broad beans (Vicia faba) is protective against experimentally induced convulsions in mice.
PubMed: Broad tuning of the human bitter taste receptor hTAS2R46 to various sesquiterpene lactones, clerodane and labdane diterpenoids, strychnine, and denatonium.
PubMed: The cytotoxicity induced by brucine from the seed of Strychnos nux-vomica proceeds via apoptosis and is mediated by cyclooxygenase 2 and caspase 3 in SMMC 7221 cells.
PubMed: [Interaction between strychnine and bovine serum albumin].
PubMed: HPLC-UV method for nicotine, strychnine, and aconitine in dairy products.
PubMed: The neurotransmitters glycine and GABA stimulate glucagon-like peptide-1 release from the GLUTag cell line.
PubMed: Development of a high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy method for the determination of strychnine concentrations in insects used to assess potential risks to insectivores.
PubMed: About the toxicity of some Strychnos species and their alkaloids.
PubMed: Tremorgenic neuromycotoxicosis in 2 dogs ascribed to the ingestion of penitrem A and possibly roquefortine in rice contaminated with Penicillium crustosum.
PubMed: Selective blockade of drug-induced place preference conditioning by ACPC, a functional NDMA-receptor antagonist.
PubMed: The selective glycine antagonist gavestinel lacks phencyclidine-like behavioral effects.
PubMed: A novel generation of coupling reagents. Enantiodifferentiating coupling reagents prepared in situ from 2-chloro-4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazine (CDMT) and chiral tertiary amines.
PubMed: Potentiation of paracetamol and carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rodents by the food additive vanillin.
PubMed: Training and characterization of a quinine taste discrimination in rhesus monkeys.
PubMed: Behavioral specificity of the bitter taste gene Soa.
PubMed: Dizocilpine-like discriminative stimulus effects of competitive NMDA receptor antagonists in mice.
PubMed: Effects of convulsant and anticonvulsant agents on memory in squirrel monkeys.
PubMed: Discriminative stimulus effects of R-(+)-3-amino-1-hydroxypyrrolid-2-one, [(+)-HA-966], a partial agonist of the strychnine-insensitive modulatory site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor.
PubMed: Genetics of bitter perception in mice.
PubMed: Receptor mechanisms of bitter substances.
PubMed: Effects of convulsant ligands of the GABA-benzodiazepine receptor complex in conflict and learning tasks in mice.
PubMed: Taurine induces bicuculline/strychnine-insensitive dose-dependent inhibition of cortical visual evoked responses.
PubMed: Induction of feeding by 7-chlorokynurenic acid, a strychnine-insensitive glycine binding site antagonist.
PubMed: Hoffmann reflex from foreleg flexor nerves in cats: lateralization, picrotoxin, strychnine, crossed flexor reflex.
PubMed: Inhibitory neuromodulators do not alter the course of experimental hepatic encephalopathy.
PubMed: Selective enhancement of shock avoidance responding elicited by GABA blockade in the posterior hypothalamus of rats.
PubMed: MSH/ACTH 4-10 and aging effects on delayed response performance in rats.
PubMed: Methods of euthanasia in poultry and food-producing animals.
PubMed: Practical toxicologic diagnosis.
PubMed: A treatment of non-ketotic hyperglycinaemia.
PubMed: Further characterization of the anorexic action of orally-administered THIP, a GABA-analogue, in the rat.
PubMed: Pesticide poisoning of livestock: a review of cases investigated.
PubMed: Actions of clonidine on convulsions and behaviour.
PubMed: Decreased convulsant potency of picrotoxin and pentetrazol and enhanced [3H]flunitrazepam cortical binding following stressful manipulations in rats.
PubMed: [Clinical picture and diagnosis of botulism].
PubMed: California bay oil. II. Biological effects of constituents.
PubMed: Time-dependent processes in memory storage.
PubMed: [Effect of kinetogenic drugs on internal inhibition in conditioned food reflexes of the 2d type].
PubMed: [Not Available].
PubMed: I. THE RELATION BETWEEN ATTACHMENT TO THE SUBSTRATUM AND INGESTION BY AMEBA IN STRYCHNINE SULFATE SOLUTION AND CONDITIONED MEDIA : II. BIOLOGICAL ASSAY OF CONDITIONED MEDIA.
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Please share your Comments.
Email Address:
 
 
 
 
Top of Page Home
Copyright © 1980-2021 Perflavory ™ Disclaimer Privacy Policy