hydroxocobalamin
alpha-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazolyl)hydroxocobamide
 
Notes:
injectable form of vitamin b 12 that has been used therapeutically to treat vitamin b 12 deficiency. Vitamin (haematopoietic) A B 12 vitamin. It has been used therapeutically in the treatment and prevention of vitamin B 12 deficiency. -- Pubchem; Hydroxocobalamin (OHCbl) is a natural analog of vitamin B-12, a basic member of the cobalamin family of compounds. It has an intense red color. Vitamin B12 is a term that refers to a group of compounds called cobalamins that are available in the human body in a variety of mostly interconvertible forms. Together with folic acid, cobalamins are essential cofactors required for DNA synthesis in cells where chromosomal replication and division are occurring?most notably the bone marrow and myeloid cells. As a cofactor, cobalamins are essential for two cellular reactions: (1) the mitochondrial methylmalonylcoenzyme A mutase conversion of methylmalonic acid (MMA) to succinate, which links lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and (2) activation of methionine synthase, which is the rate limiting step in the synthesis of methionine from homocysteine and tetrahydrofolate (Katzung, 1989).; Hydroxocobalamin is a synthetic, injectable form of Vitamin B12. Hydroxocobalamin is actually a precursor of two cofactors or vitamins (Vitamin B12 and Methylcobalamin) which are involved in various biological systems in man. Vitamin B12 is required for the conversion of methylmalonate to succinate. Deficiency of this enzyme could therefore interfere with the production of lipoprotein in myelin sheath tissue and so give rise to neurological lesions. The second cofactor, Methylcobalamin, is necessary for the conversion of homocysteine to methionine which is essential for the metabolism of folic acid. Deficiency of tetrahydrafolate leads to reduced synthesis of thymidylate resulting in reduced synthesis of DNA which is essential for cell maturation. Vitamin B12 is also concerned in the maintenance of sulphydryl groups in reduced form, deficiency leading to decreased amounts of reduced SH content of erythrocytes and liver cells. Overall, vitamin B12 acts as a coenzyme for various metabolic functions, including fat and carbohydrate metabolism and protein synthesis. It is necessary for growth, cell replication, hematopoiesis, and nucleoprotein as well as myelin synthesis. This is largely due to its effects on metabolism of methionine folic acid, and malonic acid.
  • American International Chemical, LLC.
    • American International Chemical, Inc.
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      North American supplier for globally sourced ingredients.
      AIC is a Westborough, MA based ISO Certified sales and marketing company serving the food, pharmaceutical, nutritional, personal care, biotech, and industrial markets of North America since 1972. Our success is a result of a company culture built on customer needs, along with partnerships with global manufacturers committed to the rigors and demands of the North American market. Our team of Sales Representatives, along with our network of strategically located warehouses are ready to supply product when and where you need it.
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      Product(s):
      110959 Hydroxocobalamin Base
       
  • BOC Sciences
    • BOC Sciences
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      Product(s):
      13422-51-0 hydroxocobalamin acetate 95%
       
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CAS Number: 13422-51-0Picture of molecule3D/inchi
Other(deleted CASRN): 8017-22-9
ECHA EINECS - REACH Pre-Reg: 236-533-2
FDA UNII: Q40X8H422O
Molecular Weight: 1347.38525700
Formula: C62 H90 Co N13 O15 P
NMR Predictor: Predict (works with chrome or firefox)
Category: special dietary and nutritional additives
 
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Google Scholar: Search
Google Books: Search
Google Scholar: with word "volatile"Search
Google Scholar: with word "flavor"Search
Google Scholar: with word "odor"Search
Perfumer and Flavorist: Search
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Physical Properties:
Appearance: dark red crystalline powder (est)
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00 % 
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Melting Point: 200.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Flash Point: 32.00 °F. TCC ( 0.00 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): -2.812 (est)
Soluble in:
 water, 1.336e-007 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
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Organoleptic Properties:
Odor Description:
odorless
 
Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found).
 
 
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Cosmetic Information:
None found
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Suppliers:
AIDP
Hydroxocobalamin B12 99% min.
American International Chemical, LLC.
Hydroxocobalamin Base
AuNutra® Industries
Hydroxocobalamin BP2002
BOC Sciences
For experimental / research use only.
hydroxocobalamin acetate 95%
Qingdao Dacon Trading
Hydroxocobalamin
Sigma-Aldrich
For experimental / research use only.
Hydroxocobalamin European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
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Safety Information:
 
Hazards identification
 
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
 
Pictogram
 
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
intravenous-mouse LD50  > 50 mg/kg
Drugs in Japan Vol. -, Pg. 867, 1990.

Dermal Toxicity:
Not determined
Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined
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Safety in Use Information:
Category: special dietary and nutritional additives
Recommendation for hydroxocobalamin usage levels up to:
 not for fragrance use.
 
Recommendation for hydroxocobalamin flavor usage levels up to:
 not for flavor use.
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Safety References:
EPI System: View
ClinicalTrials.gov: search
Daily Med: search
AIDS Citations: Search
Cancer Citations: Search
Toxicology Citations: Search
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA): 13422-51-0
EPA ACToR: Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS): Registry
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary : 6433575
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: Data
WGK Germany: 3
 cobalt(2+);[(2R,3S,4R,5S)-5-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl][(2S)-1-[3-[(2R,3R,4Z,7S,9Z,12S,13S,14Z,17S,18S,19R)-2,13,18-
Chemidplus: 0013422510
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References:
 cobalt(2+);[(2R,3S,4R,5S)-5-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl][(2S)-1-[3-[(2R,3R,4Z,7S,9Z,12S,13S,14Z,17S,18S,19R)-2,13,18-
NIST Chemistry WebBook: Search Inchi
Pubchem (cid): 6433575
Pubchem (sid): 134990072
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Other Information:
(IUPAC): Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos: The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc: Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC): Periodic Table of the Elements
KEGG (GenomeNet): C08230
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database): HMDB02308
FooDB: FDB003166
FDA Listing of Food Additive Status: View
MedlinePlusSupp: View
VCF-Online: VCF Volatile Compounds in Food
ChemSpider: View
Wikipedia: View
Formulations/Preparations:
•cyanokit (hydroxocobalamin for injection) 5 g for intravenous use •parenteral: injection: 1000 mcgml (available by nonproprietary name).
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Potential Blenders and core components note
 
None Found
 
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Potential Uses:
None Found
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Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
 found in nature
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Synonyms:
 alpharedisol
 axion
 ciplamin H
 cobalamin, hydroxo-
 cobalex
 codroxomin
 depogamma
a-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazolyl)hydroxocobamide
alpha-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazolyl)hydroxocobamide
 hydrobamine
 hydrocobalamin
 hydrogrisevit
 hydroxocobalamine
 hydroxocobemine
 hydroxy vitamin B12
 hydroxycobalamin
 hydroxycobalamine
 idrogrisevit
 vitadurin
 vitamin B(sub 12a)
 vitamin B12a
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Articles:
PubMed: Intravenous Cobinamide Versus Hydroxocobalamin for Acute Treatment of Severe Cyanide Poisoning in a Swine (Sus scrofa) Model.
PubMed: [Clinical, biological and therapeutic profile of anemia by vitamin B12 deficiency in the department of hematology of Marrakech (Morocco)].
PubMed: Blood leak alarm interference by hydoxocobalamin is hemodialysis machine dependent.
PubMed: Antidotes for acute cyanide poisoning.
PubMed: Empiric management of cyanide toxicity associated with smoke inhalation.
PubMed: Smoke inhalation injury in a pregnant patient: a literature review of the evidence and current best practices in the setting of a classic case.
PubMed: Loss of vitamin B(12) in fish (round herring) meats during various cooking treatments.
PubMed: Cob(I)alamin reacts with sucralose to afford an alkylcobalamin: relevance to in vivo cobalamin and sucralose interaction.
PubMed: Determination of cobalamin in nutritive supplements and chlorella foods by capillary electrophoresis-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.
PubMed: Dietary folate deficiency and bilateral retinal haemorrhages.
PubMed: Two newborns with nutritional vitamin B12 deficiency: challenges in newborn screening for vitamin B12 deficiency.
PubMed: Determination of vitamin B12 using the enzyme glycerol dehydrase.
PubMed: Effect of homocysteine reduction by B-vitamin supplementation on markers of clotting activation.
PubMed: Picomolar quantitation of free sulfite in foods by means of [57Co]hydroxocobalamin and radiometric chromatography of [57Co]sulfitocobalamin. Method, applications and significance of coexisting sulfides.
PubMed: Nitritocobalamin and nitrosocobalamin may be confused with sulfitocobalamin using cation-exchange chromatography.
PubMed: Vitamin B12 metabolism in a photosynthesizing green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.
PubMed: Occurrence and tissue distribution of both NADH- and NADPH-linked aquacobalamin reductases in some vertebrates.
PubMed: Significance of isomerization in hydroxocobalamin.
PubMed: Measurement of vitamin B12 in the livers and sera of sheep and cattle and an investigation of factors influencing serum vitamin B12 levels in sheep.
PubMed: Vitamin B12 assimilation from chicken meat.
PubMed: Conversion of hydroxo(aquo) cobalamin to sulfitocobalamin in the absence of light: a reaction of importance in the identification of the forms of vitamin B12, with possible clinical significance.
PubMed: The forms of vitamin B12 in foods.
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