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Category: nutrient supplements
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
| Appearance: | white crystalline powder (est) |
| Assay: | 95.00 to 100.00 %
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| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
| Melting Point: | 302.00 to 305.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
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| Flash Point: | 32.00 °F. TCC ( 0.00 °C. ) (est)
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| logP (o/w): | -3.700 (est) |
| Soluble in: |
| | alcohol | | | water | | | water, 1e+006 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) |
Organoleptic Properties:
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| Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
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Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
| Preferred SDS: View |
| European information : |
| Most important hazard(s): | | Xi - Irritant |
R 36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system, and skin. S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children. S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S 36 - Wear suitable protective clothing.
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| Hazards identification |
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| Classification of the substance or mixture |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
| None found. |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
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| Pictogram | |
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| Hazard statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Precautionary statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
oral-rat LD50 3400 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: EXCITEMENT
SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: CHROMODACYRORREA: EYE
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Vol. 58, Pg. 87, 1945.
intraperitoneal-rat LD50 450 mg/kg Indian Journal of Experimental Biology. Vol. 24, Pg. 91, 1986.
oral-mouse LD50 3900 mg/kg LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION
SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: LACRIMATION: EYE
BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 33, Pg. 1016, 1983.
intravenous-mouse LD50 53 mg/kg SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: LACRIMATION: EYE
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION
BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 33, Pg. 1016, 1983.
intraperitoneal-mouse LD50 320 mg/kg Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Vol. 51, Pg. 281, 1942.
intravenous-cat LDLo 25 mg/kg "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." Vol. 4, Pg. 1289, 1935.
intravenous-dog LDLo 5 mg/kg "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." Vol. 4, Pg. 1289, 1935.
unreported-frog LDLo 1500 mg/kg Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Vol. 51, Pg. 281, 1942.
intraperitoneal-rabbit LDLo 500 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES
SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: CORNEAL DAMAGE: EYE Journal of Infectious Diseases. Vol. 42, Pg. 473, 1928.
intravenous-rabbit LDLo 1100 ug/kg GASTROINTESTINAL: CHANGES IN STRUCTURE OR FUNCTION OF SALIVARY GLANDS
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: CYANOSIS
BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Vol. 51, Pg. 281, 1942.
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| Dermal Toxicity: |
subcutaneous-mouse LDLo 735 mg/kg Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 6, Pg. 477, 1914/1915.
subcutaneous-rabbit LDLo 1000 mg/kg Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Vol. 51, Pg. 281, 1942.
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| Inhalation Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | nutrient supplements |
| Recommendation for choline chloride usage levels up to: | | | not for fragrance use.
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| Structure Class: | I |
| Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). |
| The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library |
| publication number: 24. Update in publication number(s): 26 |
| Click here to view publication 24 |
| | average usual ppm | average maximum ppm |
| baked goods: | 4000.00000 | 6000.00000 |
| beverages(nonalcoholic): | - | - |
| beverages(alcoholic): | - | - |
| breakfast cereal: | 4000.00000 | 6000.00000 |
| cheese: | - | - |
| chewing gum: | - | - |
| condiments / relishes: | - | - |
| confectionery froastings: | - | - |
| egg products: | - | - |
| fats / oils: | - | - |
| fish products: | 600.00000 | 1200.00000 |
| frozen dairy: | - | - |
| fruit ices: | - | - |
| gelatins / puddings: | - | - |
| granulated sugar: | - | - |
| gravies: | 4000.00000 | 6000.00000 |
| hard candy: | - | - |
| imitation dairy: | - | - |
| instant coffee / tea: | - | - |
| jams / jellies: | - | - |
| meat products: | 4000.00000 | 6000.00000 |
| milk products: | - | - |
| nut products: | - | - |
| other grains: | - | - |
| poultry: | 4000.00000 | 6000.00000 |
| processed fruits: | - | - |
| processed vegetables: | - | - |
| reconstituted vegetables: | - | - |
| seasonings / flavors: | 4000.00000 | 6000.00000 |
| snack foods: | 4000.00000 | 6000.00000 |
| soft candy: | - | - |
| soups: | 2500.00000 | 4000.00000 |
| sugar substitutes: | - | - |
| sweet sauces: | - | - |
Safety References:
References:
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| | biocolina | | | cholinchloride | | | choline chloride 2 silica conditioned | | | choline chloride FCC | | | choline chloride USP FCC | | | cholinium chloride | | (2- | hydroxy-ethyl)-trimethyl-ammonium | | 2- | hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride | | 2- | hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium chloride | | (2- | hydroxyethyl)trimethyl-ammonium chloride | | (2- | hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride | | (beta- | hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride | | (2- | hydroxyethyl)trimethylazanium chloride | | | luridin chloride | | 2-( | trimethylamino)ethan-1-ol, chloride |
Articles:
| PubMed: | A novel digestion method based on a choline chloride-oxalic acid deep eutectic solvent for determining Cu, Fe, and Zn in fish samples. |
| PubMed: | Construction of Au nanoparticles on choline chloride modified glassy carbon electrode for sensitive detection of nitrite. |
| PubMed: | Enhancement of salt intake by choline chloride. |
| PubMed: | Simple electrochemical sensor for caffeine based on carbon and Nafion-modified carbon electrodes. |
| PubMed: | An episode of dioxin contamination in feedingstuff: the choline chloride case. |
| PubMed: | [Lipid metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract of lactating cows during the duodenal infusion of choline chloride and methionine]. |
| PubMed: | Enzymatic production of pyrimidine nucleotides using Corynebacterium ammoniagenes cells and recombinant Escherichia coli cells: enzymatic production of CDP-choline from orotic acid and choline chloride (Part I). |
| PubMed: | Acute toxicity assessment of choline by inhalation, intraperitoneal and oral routes in Balb/c mice. |
| PubMed: | Dioxin contamination of food in Italy: an overview of the situation 1999-2000. |
| PubMed: | Dipsogenic and feeding influences of intraventricularly infused anionic choline solutions. |
| PubMed: | Growth of the skeletal units of the rat mandible in acute renal failure experimental model. |
| PubMed: | Evaluation of PCDD/Fs characterization in animal feed and feed additives. |
| PubMed: | Choline distribution and metabolism in pregnant rats and fetuses are influenced by the choline content of the maternal diet. |
| PubMed: | The effects of manganese, biotin, and choline on hexosamine and hydroxyproline content as related to leg weakness. |
| PubMed: | Dietary S-methylmethionine, a component of foods, has choline-sparing activity in chickens. |
| PubMed: | Effect of supplementary choline on the performance of broiler breeders fed on different energy sources. |
| PubMed: | Lung surfactant phospholipids as related to hydration and choline status of fasted rats. |
| PubMed: | Lack of effect of choline and narcotic antagonists upon apomorphine discrimination. |
| PubMed: | Prolonged survival of female AKR mice fed diets supplemented with methionine and choline. |
| PubMed: | Effects of cationic species on visual color formation in model Maillard reactions of pentose sugars and amino acids. |
| PubMed: | A choline-rich diet improves survival in a rat model of endotoxin shock. |
| PubMed: | The folic acid requirements of starting broiler chicks fed diets based on practical ingredients. 1. Interrelationships with dietary choline. |
| PubMed: | [Studies on the vitamin requirement and vitamin supply in fattening turkeys. 2. Checking the vitamin supplements to state-approved mixed animal feed for fattening turkeys]. |
| PubMed: | Construction of a plasmid carrying both CTP synthetase and a fused gene formed from cholinephosphate cytidylyltransferase and choline kinase genes and its application to industrial CDP-choline production: enzymatic production of CDP-choline from orotic acid (Part II). |
| PubMed: | Rumen-protected choline and vitamin E supplementation in periparturient dairy goats: effects on milk production and folate, vitamin B12 and vitamin E status. |
| PubMed: | Solid-state fermentation for production of griseofulvin on rice bran using Penicillium griseofulvum. |
| PubMed: | Rumen-protected choline administration to transition cows: effects on milk production and vitamin E status. |
| PubMed: | Dietary choline requirements of juvenile hybrid tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus x O. aureus. |
| PubMed: | Effects of Ionic and Osmotic Strength on the Glucosyltransferase of Rhizobium meliloti Responsible for Cyclic beta-(1,2)-Glucan Biosynthesis. |
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