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Category: flavoring agents
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
| Appearance: | white to beige crystals (est) |
| Assay: | 99.00 to 100.00 %
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| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
| Melting Point: | 175.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
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| Boiling Point: | 924.00 to 925.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
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| Flash Point: | > 230.00 °F. TCC ( > 110.00 °C. )
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| logP (o/w): | -0.522 (est) |
| Soluble in: |
| | acetone | | | water | | | water, 2369 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) |
| Stability: |
| | ph from 5 - 11 | | | up to 23.3% naoh | | | up to 24.5% nacl | | | up to 6.8% nahco3 |
Organoleptic Properties:
| Odor Strength: | none |
| |
Odor Description: at 100.00 %. | bland |
| |
| Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
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| |
Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
| Preferred SDS: View |
| |
| Hazards identification |
| |
| Classification of the substance or mixture |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
| None found. |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
| |
| Pictogram | |
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| Hazard statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Precautionary statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
|
Not determined
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| Dermal Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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| Inhalation Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | flavoring agents |
| Recommendation for naringen usage levels up to: | | | not for fragrance use.
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| |
| Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). |
| The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library |
| publication number: 3 |
| Click here to view publication 3 |
| | average usual ppm | average maximum ppm |
| baked goods: | - | - |
| beverages(nonalcoholic): | - | 71.00000 |
| beverages(alcoholic): | - | 0.20000 |
| breakfast cereal: | - | - |
| cheese: | - | - |
| chewing gum: | - | - |
| condiments / relishes: | - | - |
| confectionery froastings: | - | - |
| egg products: | - | - |
| fats / oils: | - | - |
| fish products: | - | - |
| frozen dairy: | - | 5.70000 |
| fruit ices: | - | 5.70000 |
| gelatins / puddings: | - | - |
| granulated sugar: | - | - |
| gravies: | - | - |
| hard candy: | - | - |
| imitation dairy: | - | - |
| instant coffee / tea: | - | - |
| jams / jellies: | - | - |
| meat products: | - | - |
| milk products: | - | - |
| nut products: | - | - |
| other grains: | - | - |
| poultry: | - | - |
| processed fruits: | - | - |
| processed vegetables: | - | - |
| reconstituted vegetables: | - | - |
| seasonings / flavors: | - | - |
| snack foods: | - | - |
| soft candy: | - | - |
| soups: | - | - |
| sugar substitutes: | - | - |
| sweet sauces: | - | - |
Safety References:
| EPI System: | View |
| AIDS Citations: | Search |
| Cancer Citations: | Search |
| Toxicology Citations: | Search |
| EPA ACToR: | Toxicology Data |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS): | Registry |
| Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary : | 85704 |
| National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: | Data |
| WGK Germany: | 3 |
| | 5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one |
| Chemidplus: | 0014259462 |
References:
| | 5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one |
| NIST Chemistry WebBook: | Search Inchi |
| Pubchem (cid): | 85704 |
| Pubchem (sid): | 135043891 |
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| (S)-7-((6-O-(6- | deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy)-2,3-dihydro-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one | | (S)-7-((6-O-(6- | deoxy-alpha-laevo-mannopyranosyl)-beta-dextro-glucopyranosyl)oxy)-2,3-dihydro-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one | | | naringen natural | | | naringen recrystallized (natural) | | | naringen tech grade | | iso | naringenin | | | naringenin 7-beta-rutinoside | | | naringenin 7-rutinoside | | | naringin extract (citrus paradisi macf.) | | | narirutin |
Articles:
| Google Patents: | Flavor-improving method |
| PubMed: | Quality evaluation and pattern recognition analyses of marker compounds from five medicinal drugs of Rutaceae family by HPLC/PDA. |
| PubMed: | Leaf polyphenol profile and SSR-based fingerprinting of new segregant Cynara cardunculus genotypes. |
| PubMed: | Huanglongbing modifies quality components and flavonoid content of 'Valencia' oranges. |
| PubMed: | In vitro bioaccessibility of carotenoids, flavonoids, and vitamin C from differently processed oranges and orange juices [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck]. |
| PubMed: | Pharmacokinetics of flavanone glycosides after ingestion of single doses of fresh-squeezed orange juice versus commercially processed orange juice in healthy humans. |
| PubMed: | Evaluation of antioxidant-associated efficacy of flavonoid extracts from a traditional Chinese medicine Hua Ju Hong (peels of Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck). |
| PubMed: | [Determination of twelve active compounds in Qili Qiangxin capsules by UPLC-MS]. |
| PubMed: | Systematic Analysis of Main Constituents in Rat Biological Samples after Oral Administration of the Methanol Extract of Fructus Aurantii by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. |
| PubMed: | Simultaneous determination of 10 active components in baizhu shaoyao san and its single herbs by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection. |
| PubMed: | Auraptene in the Peels of Citrus kawachiensis (Kawachi Bankan) Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in the Mouse Brain. |
| PubMed: | Quality evaluation of Houttuynia cordata Thunb. by high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode-array detection (HPLC-DAD). |
| PubMed: | Sonochemical effects on 14 flavonoids common in citrus: relation to stability. |
| PubMed: | Protective Effect against Hydroxyl-induced DNA Damage and Antioxidant Activity of Citri reticulatae Pericarpium. |
| PubMed: | [Simultaneous determination of six ingredients in Huoxiang Zhengqi oral liquid by UPLC]. |
| PubMed: | Hydrolysis of flavanone glycosides by β-glucosidase from Pyrococcus furiosus and its application to the production of flavanone aglycones from citrus extracts. |
| PubMed: | Influence of process parameters on the extraction of flavanones from mandarin peel. |
| PubMed: | Simplified miniaturized ultrasound-assisted matrix solid phase dispersion extraction and high performance liquid chromatographic determination of seven flavonoids in citrus fruit juice and human fluid samples: hesperetin and naringenin as biomarkers. |
| PubMed: | Analysis of major constituents in Fructus aurantii-Magnolia bark decoction by UPLC-PDA. |
| PubMed: | Down-regulation of tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2 and MITF expressions by citrus press-cakes in murine B16 F10 melanoma. |
| PubMed: | Fragmentation characterization and differentiation of isomeric diglycosyl flavonoids using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry in negative ion mode. |
| PubMed: | Polymethoxylated, C- and O-glycosyl flavonoids in tangelo (Citrus reticulata×Citrus paradisi) juice and their influence on antioxidant properties. |
| PubMed: | Rapid Quantitation of Furanocoumarins and Flavonoids in Grapefruit Juice using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography. |
| PubMed: | Enzymatic modification enhances the protective activity of citrus flavonoids against alcohol-induced liver disease. |
| PubMed: | Narirutin fraction from citrus peels attenuates alcoholic liver disease in mice. |
| PubMed: | Gustatory sensing mechanism coding for multiple oviposition stimulants in the swallowtail butterfly, Papilio xuthus. |
| PubMed: | Phytochemical profile and antioxidant activity of physiological drop of citrus fruits. |
| PubMed: | A new prenylated naphthoquinoid from the aerial parts of Clinopodium chinense (Benth.) O. Kuntze. |
| PubMed: | Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macfad) phytochemicals composition is modulated by household processing techniques. |
| PubMed: | Degreening and postharvest storage influences 'Star Ruby' grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) bioactive compounds. |
| PubMed: | Anti-degranulating activity in rat basophil leukemia RBL-2H3 cells of flavanone glycosides and their aglycones in citrus fruits. |
| PubMed: | Simultaneous UPLC analysis of three major flavonoids in granule decoctions of Fructus aurantii-type formulae. |
| PubMed: | Narirutin fraction from citrus peels attenuates LPS-stimulated inflammatory response through inhibition of NF-κB and MAPKs activation. |
| PubMed: | Protective effects of fermented Citrus unshiu peel extract against ultraviolet-A-induced photoageing in human dermal fibrobolasts. |
| PubMed: | Changes on phenolic and carotenoid composition of high intensity pulsed electric field and thermally treated fruit juice-soymilk beverages during refrigerated storage. |
| PubMed: | Citrus flavanone naringenin enhances melanogenesis through the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling in mouse melanoma cells. |
| PubMed: | Administration of chinpi, a component of the herbal medicine ninjin-youei-to, reverses age-induced demyelination. |
| PubMed: | α-L-rhamnosidase of Aspergillus terreus immobilized on ferromagnetic supports. |
| PubMed: | Proline betaine and its biotransformation products in fasting urine samples are potential biomarkers of habitual citrus fruit consumption. |
| PubMed: | Influence of rootstock and cultivar on bioactive compounds in citrus peels. |
| PubMed: | Optimization of flavanones extraction by modulating differential solvent densities and centrifuge temperatures. |
| PubMed: | Role of the cultivar in choosing Clementine fruits with a high level of health-promoting compounds. |
| PubMed: | [Flavonoids--bioactive compounds in fruits juice]. |
| PubMed: | Analysis of bioactive compounds in seven citrus cultivars. |
| PubMed: | Polymethoxylated flavones, flavanone glycosides, carotenoids, and antioxidants in different cultivation types of tangerines ( Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Sainampueng) from Northern Thailand. |
| PubMed: | Effect of added citrus fibre and spice essential oils on quality characteristics and shelf-life of mortadella. |
| PubMed: | Flavonoid composition and antioxidant activity of juices from Chinotto ( Citrus x myrtifolia Raf.) fruits at different ripening stages. |
| PubMed: | Bioactive phenolics and antioxidant propensity of flavedo extracts of Mauritian citrus fruits: potential prophylactic ingredients for functional foods application. |
| PubMed: | Absorption, conjugation and excretion of the flavanones, naringenin and hesperetin from alpha-rhamnosidase-treated orange juice in human subjects. |
| PubMed: | Cloning and characterization of a functional flavanone-3ß-hydroxylase gene from Medicago truncatula. |
| PubMed: | Liquid chromatographic determination of narirutin and hesperidin in Zhi Ke (Citrus aurantium L.) in the form of the raw herb and of the dried aqueous extract. |
| PubMed: | Application of an efficient strategy based on MAE, HPLC-DAD-MS/MS and HSCCC for the rapid extraction, identification, separation and purification of flavonoids from Fructus Aurantii Immaturus. |
| PubMed: | Phenolic contribution of South African herbal teas to a healthy diet. |
| PubMed: | Hydrolysis of flavanone glycosides and degradation of the corresponding aglycones from dried immature Citrus fruit by human fecal flora in vitro. |
| PubMed: | Absorption, metabolism and excretion of flavanones from single portions of orange fruit and juice and effects of anthropometric variables and contraceptive pill use on flavanone excretion. |
| PubMed: | Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of extracts from ultrasonic treatment of Satsuma Mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) peels. |
| PubMed: | Comparative evaluation of 12 immature citrus fruit extracts for the inhibition of cytochrome P450 isoform activities. |
| PubMed: | Flavanone 3beta-hydroxylases from rice: key enzymes for favonol and anthocyanin biosynthesis. |
| PubMed: | Flavonoid glycosides and limonoids from Citrus molasses. |
| PubMed: | Minerals, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant capacity of citrus peel extract by hot water. |
| PubMed: | Influence of postharvest hot water treatment on nutritional and functional properties of kumquat (Fortunella japonica Lour. Swingle Cv. Ovale) fruit. |
| PubMed: | Origin identification on the commercial samples of Aurantii Fructus. |
| PubMed: | Narirutin inhibits airway inflammation in an allergic mouse model. |
| PubMed: | Flavanone plasma pharmacokinetics from blood orange juice in human subjects. |
| PubMed: | Determination of diastereomerization barrier of some flavanones by high-performance liquid chromatography methods. |
| PubMed: | Stereoisomeric separation of flavanones and flavanone-7-O-glycosides by capillary electrophoresis and determination of interconversion barriers. |
| PubMed: | Influence of cation adduction on the separation characteristics of flavonoid diglycoside isomers using dual gate-ion mobility-quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed: | Antiradical and anti-H2O2 properties of polyphenolic compounds from an aqueous peppermint extract. |
| PubMed: | An HPLC/MS method for identifying major constituents in the hypocholesterolemic extracts of Chinese medicine formula 'Xue-Fu-Zhu-Yu decoction'. |
| PubMed: | [Historical and pharmalogical study of Citrus hassaku.]. |
| PubMed: | Antihypertensive effect of sweetie fruit in patients with stage I hypertension. |
| PubMed: | [History and therapeutic evaluation of Citrus hassaku HORT. Tanaka]. |
| PubMed: | Analysis of flavanone-7-O-glycosides in citrus juices by short-end capillary electrochromatography. |
| PubMed: | Isolation and purification of closely related citrus limonoid glucosides by flash chromatography. |
| PubMed: | HPLC separation of hesperidin and the C-2 epimer in commercial hesperidin samples and herbal medicines. |
| PubMed: | Bioactive compounds of grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Cv. Rio Red) respond differently to postharvest irradiation, storage, and freeze drying. |
| PubMed: | Screening flavonoid metabolites of naringin and narirutin in urine after human consumption of grapefruit juice by LC-MS and LC-MS/MS. |
| PubMed: | Phenolic metabolites from honeybush tea (Cyclopia subternata). |
| PubMed: | Separation of flavanone-7-O-glycoside diastereomers and analysis in citrus juices by multidimensional liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed: | High-performance liquid chromatography methods for the analysis of adrenergic amines and flavanones in Citrus aurantium L. var. amara. |
| PubMed: | Study of the extraction procedure by experimental design and validation of a LC method for determination of flavonoids in Citrus bergamia juice. |
| PubMed: | Chiral HPLC separation and CD spectra of the C-2 diastereomers of naringin in grapefruit during maturation. |
| PubMed: | Chiral separation of diastereomeric flavanone-7-O-glycosides in citrus by capillary electrophoresis. |
| PubMed: | Influence of solvents on the antioxidant property of flavonoids. |
| PubMed: | Bioavailability in humans of the flavanones hesperidin and narirutin after the ingestion of two doses of orange juice. |
| PubMed: | Analysis of antioxidative phenolic compounds in artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.). |
| PubMed: | Effect of processing techniques at industrial scale on orange juice antioxidant and beneficial health compounds. |
| PubMed: | Antiallergic effect of flavonoid glycosides obtained from Mentha piperita L. |
| PubMed: | Chiral separation of six diastereomeric flavanone-7-O-glycosides by capillary electrophoresis and analysis of lemon juice. |
| PubMed: | Flavanone glycosides from Citrus junos and their anti-influenza virus activity. |
| PubMed: | Flavonoids in pigmented orange juice and second-pressure extracts. |
| PubMed: | Dissolution profiles of principal ingredients in Kampo medicinal powders by high-performance liquid chromatography. |
| PubMed: | Ligand structure-dependent differences in activation of estrogen receptor alpha in human HepG2 liver and U2 osteogenic cancer cell lines. |
| PubMed: | Variance of common flavonoids by brand of grapefruit juice. |
| PubMed: | Validation of a liquid chromatography ionspray mass spectrometry method for the analysis of flavanones, flavones and flavonols. |
| PubMed: | Analytical monitoring of citrus juices by using capillary electrophoresis. |
| PubMed: | Simultaneous separation of flavanone glycosides and polymethoxylated flavones in citrus juices using liquid chromatography. |
| PubMed: | Hesperidin as an inhibitor of lipases from porcine pancreas and Pseudomonas. |
| PubMed: | Effect of ethylene on naringin, narirutin and nootkatone accumulation in grapefruit. |
| PubMed: | [Studies on the preparation and evaluation of Kijitsu, the immature citrus fruits. IV. Biological activities of immature fruits of different citrus species]. |
| PubMed: | Inhibition of growth and xylogenesis and promotion of vacuolation in prunus callus by the flavanone prunin. |
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