| Name: | sterculia urens roxb. gum |
| CAS Number: | 9000-36-6 |
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| ECHA EC Number: | 232-539-4 |
| FDA UNII: | 73W9IQY50Q |
| MDL: | MFCD00131251 |
Category: thickeners, gelling agents, stabalizers and emulsifiers
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
| Google Scholar: | Search |
| Google Books: | Search |
| Google Scholar: with word "volatile" | Search |
| Google Scholar: with word "flavor" | Search |
| Google Scholar: with word "odor" | Search |
| Perfumer and Flavorist: | Search |
| Google Patents: | Search |
| US Patents: | Search |
| EU Patents: | Search |
| PubMed: | Search |
| NCBI: | Search |
| | FDA/DG SANTE Petitions, Reviews, Notices: |
| 184.1339 | Sterculia Gum (karaya gum) View - review |
| EU SANCO | Karaya gum View - review |
| JECFA Food Additive: | Karaya Gum |
| GSFA Codex: | Karaya gum (416) |
| DG SANTE Food Additives: | karaya gum |
| FEMA Number: | 2605 karaya gum |
| FDA: | No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances |
| FDA Mainterm (SATF): | 9000-36-6 ; KARAYA, GUM (STERCULIA URENS ROXB.) |
| FDA Regulation: | FDA PART 133 -- CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS Subpart B--Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products Sec. 133.178 Pasteurized neufchatel cheese spread with other foods.
FDA PART 133 -- CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS Subpart B--Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products Sec. 133.179 Pasteurized process cheese spread.
FDA PART 150 -- FRUIT BUTTERS, JELLIES, PRESERVES, AND RELATED PRODUCTS Subpart B--Requirements for Specific Standardized Fruit Butters, Jellies, Preserves, and Related Products Sec. 150.141 Artificially sweetened fruit jelly.
FDA PART 150 -- FRUIT BUTTERS, JELLIES, PRESERVES, AND RELATED PRODUCTS Subpart B--Requirements for Specific Standardized Fruit Butters, Jellies, Preserves, and Related Products Sec. 150.161 Artificially sweetened fruit preserves and jams.
FDA PART 184 -- DIRECT FOOD SUBSTANCES AFFIRMED AS GENERALLY RECOGNIZED AS SAFE Subpart B--Listing of Specific Substances Affirmed as GRAS Sec. 184.1349 Karaya gum (sterculia gum).
|
Physical Properties:
| Appearance: | pale yellow to pinkish brown solid lumps or powder (est) |
| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
| Shelf Life: | 12.00 month(s) or longer if stored properly. |
| Storage: | store in cool, dry place in tightly sealed containers, protected from heat and light. |
| Soluble in: |
| | water |
| Insoluble in: |
| | alcohol |
Organoleptic Properties:
| Odor Strength: | none |
| |
Odor Description: at 100.00 %. | bland |
| |
| Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
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| |
Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
| European information : |
| Most important hazard(s): | | None - None found. |
S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children. S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. S 36/37/39 - Wear suitable clothing, gloves and eye/face protection.
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| |
| Hazards identification |
| |
| Classification of the substance or mixture |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
| None found. |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
| |
| Pictogram | |
| |
| Hazard statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Precautionary statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
oral-rat LD50 9100 mg/kg Food & Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., Papers. Vol. 124, Pg. -, 1976.
oral-rabbit LD50 6400 mg/kg Food & Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., Papers. Vol. 124, Pg. -, 1976.
oral-mouse LD50 8200 mg/kg Food & Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., Papers. Vol. 124, Pg. -, 1976.
oral-hamster LD50 6900 mg/kg Food & Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., Papers. Vol. 124, Pg. -, 1976.
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| Dermal Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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| Inhalation Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | thickeners, gelling agents, stabalizers and emulsifiers |
| Recommendation for sterculia urens gum usage levels up to: | | | not for fragrance use.
|
| |
| Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). |
| The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library |
| publication number: 3 |
| Click here to view publication 3 |
| | average usual ppm | average maximum ppm |
| baked goods: | - | 36.00000 |
| beverages(nonalcoholic): | - | 13.00000 |
| beverages(alcoholic): | - | - |
| breakfast cereal: | - | - |
| cheese: | - | - |
| chewing gum: | - | - |
| condiments / relishes: | - | - |
| confectionery froastings: | - | - |
| egg products: | - | - |
| fats / oils: | - | - |
| fish products: | - | - |
| frozen dairy: | - | 1300.00000 |
| fruit ices: | - | 1300.00000 |
| gelatins / puddings: | - | - |
| granulated sugar: | - | - |
| gravies: | - | - |
| hard candy: | 1.00000 | 44.00000 |
| imitation dairy: | - | - |
| instant coffee / tea: | - | - |
| jams / jellies: | - | - |
| meat products: | - | 40.00000 |
| milk products: | - | - |
| nut products: | - | - |
| other grains: | - | - |
| poultry: | - | - |
| processed fruits: | - | - |
| processed vegetables: | - | - |
| reconstituted vegetables: | - | - |
| seasonings / flavors: | - | - |
| snack foods: | - | - |
| soft candy: | - | - |
| soups: | - | - |
| sugar substitutes: | - | - |
| sweet sauces: | - | - |
Safety References:
| European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s): |
Re-evaluation of karaya gum (E 416) as a food additive View page or View pdf |
Statement on the safety and efficacy of the feed additive consisting on tragacanth gum for all animal species (Association for International Promotion of Gums) View page or View pdf |
| Daily Med: | search |
| Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System: | Search |
| AIDS Citations: | Search |
| Cancer Citations: | Search |
| Toxicology Citations: | Search |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA): | 9000-36-6 |
| EPA ACToR: | Toxicology Data |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS): | Registry |
| National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: | Data |
| WGK Germany: | 2 |
| | sterculia urens roxb. gum |
| Chemidplus: | 0009000366 |
| RTECS: | WI9370000 for cas# 9000-36-6 |
References:
Other Information:
| FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS): | View |
| KEGG (GenomeNet): | C08826 |
| FooDB: | FDB020190 |
| Export Tariff Code: | 1301.39.0000 |
| FDA Listing of Food Additive Status: | View |
| Wikipedia: | View |
Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
| | binding agents | |
| | emulsion stabilisers | |
| | hair fixing agents | |
| | viscosity controlling agents | |
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| | dried exudate (karaya gum) of the tree sterculia urens, sterculiaceae | | | firmiana simplex gum | | | gum karaya | | | kadaya | | | karaya gum | | | katilo | | | kullo | | | kuteeral | | | mucara | | | sterculia gum | | | sterculia setigera gum | | indian | tragacanth gum | | | tragacanth, indian |
Articles:
| PubMed: | Gastroretentive mucoadhesive tablet of lafutidine for controlled release and enhanced bioavailability. |
| PubMed: | Natural gum as mucoadhesive controlled release carriers: evaluation of Cefpodoxime Proxetil by D-Optimal design technique. |
| PubMed: | Rheological properties of gamma-irradiated antimicrobial wafers and in vitro efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. |
| PubMed: | Utility of gastric-retained alginate gels to modulate pharmacokinetic profiles in rats. |
| PubMed: | Studies on stercuia gum formulations in the form of osmotic core tablet for colon-specific drug delivery of azathioprine. |
| PubMed: | Green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using gum karaya as a biotemplate and their antibacterial application. |
| PubMed: | Oil-entrapped sterculia gum-alginate buoyant systems of aceclofenac: development and in vitro evaluation. |
| PubMed: | Formulation and evaluation of non-effervescent floating tablets of losartan potassium. |
| PubMed: | Formulation development and in-vitro/in-vivo correlation for a novel Sterculia gum-based oral colon-targeted drug delivery system of azathioprine. |
| PubMed: | Lyophilised wafers as vehicles for the topical release of chlorhexidine digluconate--release kinetics and efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. |
| PubMed: | In vitro efficacy of antimicrobial wafers against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. |
| PubMed: | Utility of in situ sodium alginate/karaya gum gels to facilitate gastric retention in rodents. |
| PubMed: | A novel hydrogel plug of Sterculia urens for pulsatile delivery: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. |
| PubMed: | The effect of denture adhesives on Candida albicans growth in vitro. |
| PubMed: | [Analysis of thickening polysaccharides by the improved diethyldithioacetal derivatization method]. |
| PubMed: | Physical properties of gum karaya-starch-essential oil patches. |
| PubMed: | Natural polysaccharides as active biomaterials in nanostructured films for sensing. |
| PubMed: | Karaya root saponin exerts a hypocholesterolemic response in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet. |
| PubMed: | Development of Denticap, a matrix based sustained release formulation for treatment of toothache, dental infection and other gum problem. |
| PubMed: | Modification of sterculia gum with methacrylic acid to prepare a novel drug delivery system. |
| PubMed: | Evaluation of Sterculia foetida gum as controlled release excipient. |
| PubMed: | Gastroretentive drug delivery system of metoclopramide hydrochloride: formulation and in vitro evaluation. |
| PubMed: | Long-term survival of a baby with body stalk anomaly: report of a case. |
| PubMed: | Effects of the method of preparation on the compression, mechanical, and release properties of khaya gum matrices. |
| PubMed: | Outbreak of cutaneous Rhizopus arrhizus infection associated with karaya ostomy bags. |
| PubMed: | Polyethylene glycol, unique among laxatives, suppresses aberrant crypt foci, by elimination of cells. |
| PubMed: | [Clinical evaluation of hydrocolloidal dressing in 147 patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery]. |
| PubMed: | Analysis of gums by capillary electrophoresis with laser induced fluorescence. |
| PubMed: | Evaluation of selected polysaccharide excipients in buccoadhesive tablets for sustained release of nicotine. |
| PubMed: | Suppressive effect of viscous dietary fiber on elevations of uric acid in serum and urine induced by dietary RNA in rats is associated with strength of viscosity. |
| PubMed: | Nimesulide-modified gum karaya solid mixtures: preparation, characterization, and formulation development. |
| PubMed: | In vivo evaluation of modified gum karaya as a carrier for improving the oral bioavailability of a poorly water-soluble drug, nimodipine. |
| PubMed: | Exudate gums: occurrence, production, and applications. |
| PubMed: | Biological activity of some naturally occurring resins, gums and pigments against in vitro LDL oxidation. |
| PubMed: | Flow behavior characteristics of ice cream mix made with buffalo milk and various stabilizers. |
| PubMed: | Evaluation of modified gum karaya as carrier for the dissolution enhancement of poorly water-soluble drug nimodipine. |
| PubMed: | Compressed xanthan and karaya gum matrices: hydration, erosion and drug release mechanisms. |
| PubMed: | Development and evaluation of a multiple-unit oral sustained release dosage form for S(+)-ibuprofen: preparation and release kinetics. |
| PubMed: | Relationship between swelling, erosion and drug release in hydrophillic natural gum mini-matrix formulations. |
| PubMed: | Enhanced transdermal delivery of AZT (Zidovudine) using iontophoresis and penetration enhancer. |
| PubMed: | [Esophageal obstruction after laxative administration]. |
| PubMed: | Micropropagation of Sterculia urens Roxb. - an endangered tree species. |
| PubMed: | Characterization of carbohydrate structural features recognized by anti-arabinogalactan-protein monoclonal antibodies. |
| PubMed: | 'Last-resort' dressings for intractable pressures sores. |
| PubMed: | Caecal and faecal short-chain fatty acids and stool output in rats fed on diets containing non-starch polysaccharides. |
| PubMed: | Clinical study: peristomal skin irritation in colostomy patients. |
| PubMed: | Skin contact electrodes for medical applications. |
| PubMed: | [Innovations for a better quality of life]. |
| PubMed: | A modified Kapur scale for evaluating denture retention and stability: methodology study. |
| PubMed: | [The use of tapioca as coverage in viral titration]. |
| PubMed: | Vegetable gums modify lectin hemagglutinability. |
| PubMed: | Dietary fibre and renal failure: comparison of sterculia and ispaghula. |
| PubMed: | [Bulk-forming agents as laxatives in geriatric patients]. |
| PubMed: | Effect of soluble fibers on plasma lipids, glucose tolerance and mineral balance. |
| PubMed: | Prevention of bacterial adhesion to denture acrylic. |
| PubMed: | Evidence for the safety of gum karaya (Sterculia spp.) as a food additive. |
| PubMed: | Salicylic acid in karaya gum patch as a treatment for verruca vulgaris. |
| PubMed: | Transdermal delivery of salicylic acid in the treatment of viral papillomas. |
| PubMed: | Magnesium hydroxide as a complementary aluminium-free phosphate binder to moderate doses of oral calcium in uraemic patients on chronic haemodialysis: lack of deleterious effect on bone mineralisation. |
| PubMed: | Karaya gum electrocardiographic electrodes for preterm infants. |
| PubMed: | Mineral balance in adult men: effect of four refined fibers. |
| PubMed: | [Evaluation of a new therapy (beidellian montmorillonite--guar gum) in the treatment of constipation]. |
| PubMed: | Transmission electron microscopy of jejunum, ileum, and caecum tissues from rats fed with gums arabic, karaya and tragacanth. |
| PubMed: | Nitrogen conversion factors for the proteinaceous content of gums permitted as food additives. |
| PubMed: | Contact dermatitis due to karaya gum and induced by the application of electrodes. |
| PubMed: | Immunogenicity, immunological cross reactivity and non-specific irritant properties of the exudate gums, arabic, karaya and tragacanth. |
| PubMed: | [Treatment of colonic obstruction by karaya gum and polyvinylpolypyrrolidone]. |
| PubMed: | Sterculia for wound healing. |
| PubMed: | The absence of rhamnose in human urine following the ingestion of gum karaya (Sterculia). |
| PubMed: | Karaya sensitivity. |
| PubMed: | Blood lipids and lipoproteins in adult men fed four refined fibers. |
| PubMed: | [Treatment of acute diarrhea in general practice. Therapeutic experiences with Karaya bismuth]. |
| PubMed: | Combination of karaya-based skin barrier and a closed-cell foam in pouching of urinary diversions. |
| PubMed: | Alimentary tract fistula: stomatherapy techniques of management. |
| PubMed: | The effects of dietary gum karaya (Sterculia) in man. |
| PubMed: | Karaya reconsidered. |
| PubMed: | Immunogenicity of foods and food additives--in vivo testing of gums arabic, karaya and tragacanth. |
| PubMed: | A study of the fate of gum karaya in the rat. |
| PubMed: | Subchronic toxicity study in rats fed gum karaya. |
| PubMed: | Karaya gel in the treatment of leg ulcers. |
| PubMed: | [Study of urostomy bags with improved karaya and micropore, series 143]. |
| PubMed: | Demineralization of human dental enamel by karaya gum solutions. |
| PubMed: | The effect of Karaya gum on tooth enamel. |
| PubMed: | [Comparative study of Kaologeais and Smectite in the treatment of colopathies]. |
| PubMed: | [Action of Poly-Karaya in functional colopathies. Results of a multicenter study of 114 patients]. |
| PubMed: | [Poly-Karaya and anal surgery]. |
| PubMed: | Denture adhesives - their effect on the mobility of full upper dentures during chewing. A cineradiographic study. |
| PubMed: | [Clinical study of a new medication in the treatment of functional colopathies]. |
| PubMed: | [A multicenter controlled trial of a combination of kaolin, sterculia gum, meprobamate, and magnesium salts, in the irritable bowel syndrome (author's transl)]. |
| PubMed: | The composition and rheology of denture adhesives. |
| PubMed: | [Protection of the skin of the patient with colostomy. (2). Use of karaya gum products for the protection of the skin]. |
| PubMed: | Denture adhesives: a side effect. |
| PubMed: | The evaluation of a new appetite-reducing agent (Prefil) in the management of obesity. |
| PubMed: | Oesophageal obstruction due to hygroscopic gum laxative. |
| PubMed: | Karaya gum hypersensitivity in an enterostomal therapist. |
| PubMed: | The palatability of colloidal bulk forming agents. |
| PubMed: | Contact dermatitis from a Karaya seal ring. |
| PubMed: | Treatment of shallow soft tissue ulcers with an infrequent dressing technique. |
| PubMed: | [Complications after the establishment of colostomies]. |
| PubMed: | [Functional and organic intestinal diseases. Therapeutic experience using Karaya bismuth]. |
| PubMed: | [Contact dermatitis caused by Karaya gum]. |
| PubMed: | The treatment of pressure sores in geriatric patients: a trial of sterculia powder. |
| PubMed: | [Treatment of chronic colonic diseases with a new topical digestive agent, mucilage (karaya gum) combined with polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (P.V.P.P.)]. |
| PubMed: | Decubitus ulcers and the karaya treatment program. |
| PubMed: | [Treatment of functional intestinal disorders with carbomucil]. |
| PubMed: | Protection of the skin around intestinal fistulas. |
| PubMed: | [Treatment of constipation and colitis by the bismuth subnitrate--karaya gum association]. |
| PubMed: | [Therapeutic trial of a combination of an insoluble bismuth salt and a Karaya gum in gastrointestinal disorders]. |
| PubMed: | [The use of karaya-gum powder and aluminum hydroxide gel in cases of external gastrointestinal fistula or stoma]. |
| PubMed: | Solid state karaya gum ring for use in disposable and permanent ileostomy appliances. |
| PubMed: | Is gum karaya (Sterculia urens Roxb. Family: Sterculiaceae) allergenic? |
| PubMed: | [Colloids in diarrhea; agar and karaya gum]. |
| PubMed: | [Colloids in diarrhea; agar and karaya gum]. |
|