ethylene oxide
1,2-epoxyethane
 
Notes:
a colorless and flammable gas at room temperature and pressure. ethylene oxide is a bactericidal, fungicidal, and sporicidal disinfectant. it is effective against most micro-organisms, including viruses. it is used as a fumigant for foodstuffs and textiles and as an agent for the gaseous sterilization of heat-labile pharmaceutical and surgical materials. (from reynolds, martindale the extra pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p794) Flavouring ingredient. Used in food processing as a solubiliser, stabiliser, processing aid, wetting agent, surfactant, defoaming agent and dough conditioner
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CAS Number: 75-21-8Picture of molecule3D/inchi
ECHA EINECS - REACH Pre-Reg: 200-849-9
FDA UNII: JJH7GNN18P
Nikkaji Web: J1.942I
Beilstein Number: 0102378
MDL: MFCD00014482
XlogP3-AA: -0.10 (est)
Molecular Weight: 44.05308000
Formula: C2 H4 O
BioActivity Summary: listing
NMR Predictor: Predict (works with chrome or firefox)
Category: multipurpose additives
 
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Google Scholar: Search
Google Books: Search
Google Scholar: with word "volatile"Search
Google Scholar: with word "flavor"Search
Google Scholar: with word "odor"Search
Perfumer and Flavorist: Search
Google Patents: Search
US Patents: Search
EU Patents: Search
Pubchem Patents: Search
PubMed: Search
NCBI: Search
DG SANTE Food Contact Materials: ethylene oxide
FEMA Number: 2433-VOID
FDA:No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances
FDA Mainterm (SATF):75-21-8 ; ETHYLENE OXIDE--NLFG
FDA Regulation:
FDA PART 172 -- FOOD ADDITIVES PERMITTED FOR DIRECT ADDITION TO FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION
H--Other Specific Usage Additives
Sec. 172.710 Adjuvants for pesticide use dilutions.


FDA PART 172 -- FOOD ADDITIVES PERMITTED FOR DIRECT ADDITION TO FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION
Subpart I--Multipurpose Additives
Sec. 172.808 Copolymer condensates of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide.


FDA PART 175 -- INDIRECT FOOD ADDITIVES: ADHESIVES AND COMPONENTS OF COATINGS
Subpart B--Substances for Use Only as Components of Adhesives
Sec. 175.105 Adhesives.


FDA PART 176 -- INDIRECT FOOD ADDITIVES: PAPER AND PAPERBOARD COMPONENTS
Subpart B--Substances for Use Only as Components of Paper and Paperboard
Sec. 176.180 Components of paper and paperboard in contact with dry food.


FDA PART 176 -- INDIRECT FOOD ADDITIVES: PAPER AND PAPERBOARD COMPONENTS
Subpart B--Substances for Use Only as Components of Paper and Paperboard
Sec. 176.210 Defoaming agents used in the manufacture of paper and paperboard.


FDA PART 177 -- INDIRECT FOOD ADDITIVES: POLYMERS
Subpart C--Substances for Use Only as Components of Articles Intended for Repeated Use
Sec. 177.2470 Polyoxymethylene copolymer.


FDA PART 178 -- INDIRECT FOOD ADDITIVES: ADJUVANTS, PRODUCTION AIDS, AND SANITIZERS
Subpart D--Certain Adjuvants and Production Aids
Sec. 178.3520 Industrial starch-modified.
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Physical Properties:
Appearance: colorless gas (est)
Assay: 98.00 to 100.00 % 
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Specific Gravity: 0.88200 @  25.00 °C.
Refractive Index: 1.35970 @  20.00 °C.
Melting Point: -111.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 10.00 to  11.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 1310.000000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C.
Flash Point: -56.00 °F. TCC ( -49.00 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): -0.300
Soluble in:
 water, 2.374e+005 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
 water, 1.00E+06 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp)
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Organoleptic Properties:
 
Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found).
 
 
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Cosmetic Information:
CosIng: cosmetic data
Cosmetic Uses: not used anymore
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Suppliers:
Balchem
Ethylene Oxide
Odor: characteristic
Use: ARC Specialty Products is the leading provider of repackaged 100% Ethylene Oxide (EO) in the United States for medical device sterilization and laboratory use. We also supply EO for use in laboratory, spice fumigation, chemical synthesis, and research applications. Our EO is shipped in custom-made, returnable, safe, environmentally friendly, DOT-approved containers. We also operate a sophisticated tracking system that allows us to monitor and track all of our containers.
BASF
Ethylene Oxide
LyondellBasell Industries
Ethylene Oxide
Sigma-Aldrich: Aldrich
For experimental / research use only.
Ethylene Oxide ≥99.5%
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Safety Information:
Preferred SDS: View
European information :
Most important hazard(s):
T - Toxic.
R 12 - Extremely flammable.
R 23 - Toxic by inhalation.
R 36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system, and skin.
R 45 - May cause cancer.
R 46 - May cause heritable genetic damage.
S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children.
S 45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell seek medical advice immediately.
S 53 - Avoid exposure - obtain special instructions before use.
 
Hazards identification
 
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
 
Pictogram
 
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
oral-rat LD50  72 mg/kg
Special Publication of the Entomological Society of America. Vol. 78-1, Pg. 17, 1978.

intravenous-mouse LD50  290 mg/kg
Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica. Vol. 43, Pg. 69, 1978.

intraperitoneal-mouse LD50  175 mg/kg
Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 48(1), Pg. 23, 1983.

oral-guinea pig LD50  270 mg/kg
Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. Vol. 23, Pg. 259, 1941.

intravenous-dog LD50  330 mg/kg
BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD GASTROINTESTINAL: NAUSEA OR VOMITING SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: OTHER: EYE
Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. Vol. 61, Pg. 309, 1971.

Dermal Toxicity:
subcutaneous-rat LD50 187 mg/kg
Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 48(1), Pg. 23, 1983.

subcutaneous-cat LDLo 100 mg/kg
"Beitrage zur Toxikologie des Athylenoxyds und der Glykole, Dissertation," Hofbauer, A., Pharmakologischen Institut der Universitat Wurzburg, Fed. Rep. Ger., 1933Vol. -, Pg. -, 1933.

Inhalation Toxicity:
inhalation-rat LC50 800 ppm/4H
KIDNEY, URETER, AND BLADDER: OTHER CHANGES LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES LIVER: OTHER CHANGES
"Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals," Deichmann, W.B., New York, Academic Press, Inc., 1969Vol. -, Pg. 258, 1969.

inhalation-guinea pig LC50 1500 mg/m3/4H
"Toxicometric Parameters of Industrial Toxic Chemicals Under Single Exposure," Izmerov, N.F., et al., Moscow, Centre of International Projects, GKNT, 1982Vol. -, Pg. 67, 1982.

inhalation-dog LC50 960 ppm/4H
GASTROINTESTINAL: "HYPERMOTILITY, DIARRHEA" GASTROINTESTINAL: NAUSEA OR VOMITING SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: LACRIMATION: EYE
AMA Archives of Industrial Health. Vol. 13, Pg. 237, 1956.

inhalation-human TCLo 12500 ppm/10S
SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: OTHER CHANGES: OLFACTION
Journal of Hygiene. Vol. 32, Pg. 409, 1932.

inhalation-mouse LC50 836 ppm/4H
National Technical Information Service. Vol. PB214-270

inhalation-woman TCLo 500 ppm/2M
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD GASTROINTESTINAL: NAUSEA OR VOMITING
Drug Intelligence and Clinical Pharmacy. Vol. 15, Pg. 384, 1981.

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Safety in Use Information:
Category: multipurpose additives
Recommendation for ethylene oxide usage levels up to:
 not for fragrance use.
 
Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS).
The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library
publication number: 3
Click here to view publication 3
 average usual ppmaverage maximum ppm
baked goods: --
beverages(nonalcoholic): --
beverages(alcoholic): --
breakfast cereal: --
cheese: --
chewing gum: --
condiments / relishes: --
confectionery froastings: --
egg products: --
fats / oils: --
fish products: --
frozen dairy: --
fruit ices: --
gelatins / puddings: --
granulated sugar: --
gravies: --
hard candy: --
imitation dairy: --
instant coffee / tea: --
jams / jellies: --
meat products: --
milk products: --
nut products: --
other grains: --
poultry: --
processed fruits: --
processed vegetables: --
reconstituted vegetables: --
seasonings / flavors: -21.00000
snack foods: --
soft candy: --
soups: --
sugar substitutes: --
sweet sauces: --
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Safety References:
EPI System: View
NIOSH International Chemical Safety Cards: search
NIOSH Pocket Guide: search
Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System: Search
AIDS Citations: Search
Cancer Citations: Search
Toxicology Citations: Search
Carcinogenic Potency Database: Search
EPA GENetic TOXicology: Search
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA): 75-21-8
EPA ACToR: Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS): Registry
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary : 6354
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: Data
WISER: UN 1040
WGK Germany: 2
 oxirane
Chemidplus: 0000075218
EPA/NOAA CAMEO: hazardous materials
RTECS: 75-21-8
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References:
 oxirane
NIST Chemistry WebBook: Search Inchi
Canada Domestic Sub. List: 75-21-8
Pubchem (cid): 6354
Pubchem (sid): 134970749
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Other Information:
(IUPAC): Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos: The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc: Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC): Periodic Table of the Elements
FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS): View
FDA Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances:View
CHEBI: View
CHEMBL: View
UM BBD: Search
KEGG (GenomeNet): C06548
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database): HMDB31305
FooDB: FDB003358
Export Tariff Code: 2910.10.0000
ChemSpider: View
Wikipedia: View
Formulations/Preparations:
•eto is formulated and marketed as a gas or a pressurized liquid. the end use formulations are all gas mixtures of eto and inert gases (eg, carbon dioxide) in varying concentrations. •ethylene oxide is mixed with either carbon dioxide or fluorocarbon 12 to eliminate flammability . carboxide is nonflammable mixture of 10% by wt ethylene oxide in carbon dioxide sterilant 12 is nonflammable mixt of 12% by wt in fluorocarbon 12 . •grades or purity: commercial: 100% must contain no acetylene. •grades: technical; pure (99.7%). •specifications: 0.002 wt % acidity, max (calculated as acetic acid), 0.003 wt % aldehydes, max (calculated as acetaldehyde), 0.03 wt % water, max. •steri-gas brand cartridgessteri-vac sterilizer: active ingredient 100% ethylene oxide. •ethylene oxide 10% and carbon dioxide sterilizing gas: active ingredient 10% ethylene oxide. •20% ethylene oxide & 80% carbon dioxide sterilizing gas: active ingredient 20% ethylene oxide. •8.5% ethylene oxide & carbon dioxide sterilizing gas: active ingredient 8.5% ethylene oxide. •ethylene oxide 100%: active ingredient 100% ethylene oxide. •sterilizing gas 3: active ingredient 80% ethylene oxide. •sterilizing gas 4: active ingredient 10% ethylene oxide. •sterilizing gas 5: active ingredient 20% ethylene oxide. •sterilizing gas 6: active ingredient 12% ethylene oxide. •sterilizing gas 8: active ingredient 8.5% ethylene oxide. •ethylene oxide - mup: active ingredient 100% ethylene oxide. •envirosystems ethylene oxide sterilant: active ingredient 100% ethylene oxide. •oxyfume 20: active ingredient 20% ethylene oxide. •oxyfume 80 sterilant gas: active ingredient 80% ethylene oxide. •oxyfume 12: active ingredient 12% ethylene oxide. •carboxide sterilant-fumigant gas: active ingredient 8.5% ethylene oxide. •oxyfume 30: active ingredient 30% ethylene oxide. •ethylene oxide: active ingredient 100% ethylene oxide. •ethylene oxide 100 r: active ingredient 100% ethylene oxide. •oxyfume 2000: active ingredient 8.6% ethylene oxide. •oxyfume 2002: active ingredient 10% ethylene oxide. •steriflo: active ingredient 10.4% ethylene oxide. •anprolene an-7173: active ingredient 84% ethylene oxide. •anprolene an 79: active ingredient 97% ethylene oxide. •eogas an-2014: active ingredient 96% ethylene oxide. •eogas an-1005: active ingredient 90% ethylene oxide. •eogas an-1006: active ingredient 96% ethylene oxide. •an1004 eogas 4: active ingredient 97% ethylene oxide. •an6006: active ingredient 98.06% ethylene oxide. •biolene bx: active ingredient 100% ethylene oxide.
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Potential Blenders and core components note
 
None Found
 
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Potential Uses:
 bactericidal 
 disinfectants 
 fungicidal 
 sporicidal 
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
 not found in nature
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Synonyms:
 amprolene
 anprolene
 anproline
oxacyclopropane
 dihydrooxirene
 dimethylene oxide
1,2-epoxyaethan
 epoxyethane
1,2-epoxyethane
oxidoethane
 ethene oxide
 ethox
 ethyleneoxide
 merpol
 oxide, ethylene
 oxiran
 oxirane
 oxirene, dihydro-
 oxyfume
 qazi-ketcham
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Articles:
PubMed: Pluronic modified leptin with increased systemic circulation, brain uptake and efficacy for treatment of obesity.
PubMed: A novel aqueous two phase system composed of a thermo-separating polymer and an organic solvent for purification of thermo-acidic amylase enzyme from red pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) peel.
PubMed: Liquid crystalline assembly of coil-rod-coil molecules with lateral methyl groups into 3-D hexagonal and tetragonal assemblies.
PubMed: Identification of ethylene oxide in herbs, spices and other dried vegetables imported into Italy.
PubMed: Online dynamic pH junction-sweeping for the determination of benzoic and sorbic acids in food products by capillary electrophoresis.
PubMed: In vivo evaluation of mastication noise reduction for dual channel implantable microphone.
PubMed: Encapsulation of T4 bacteriophage in electrospun poly(ethylene oxide)/cellulose diacetate fibers.
PubMed: Reversal of multidrug resistance by the inhibition of ATP-binding cassette pumps employing "Generally Recognized As Safe" (GRAS) nanopharmaceuticals: A review.
PubMed: The mechanism of starch granule reacted with OSA by phase transition catalyst in aqueous medium.
PubMed: Fabrication, gastromucoadhesivity, swelling, and degradation of zein-chitosan composite ultrafine fibers.
PubMed: Fast screening of rice knockout mutants by multi-channel microchip electrophoresis.
PubMed: Encapsulation of folic acid and its stability in sodium alginate-pectin-poly(ethylene oxide) electrospun fibres.
PubMed: Evaluation of intraocular reactivity to metallic and ethylene oxide contaminants of medical devices in a rabbit model.
PubMed: Production of chemoenzymatic catalyzed monoepoxide biolubricant: optimization and physicochemical characteristics.
PubMed: Syntheses of novel protein products (milkglyde, saliglyde, and soyglyde) from vegetable epoxy oils and gliadin.
PubMed: Extractive fermentation for improved production and recovery of lipase derived from Burkholderia cepacia using a thermoseparating polymer in aqueous two-phase systems.
PubMed: Microchip electrophoresis of bacteria using lipid-based liquid crystalline nanoparticles.
PubMed: Analysis of hemoglobin adducts from acrylamide, glycidamide, and ethylene oxide in paired mother/cord blood samples from Denmark.
PubMed: A novel application of the Margin of Exposure approach: segregation of tobacco smoke toxicants.
PubMed: Biosynthesis and enantioselectivity in the production of the lilac compounds in Actinidia arguta flowers.
PubMed: Comparative analysis of urinary N7-(2-hydroxyethyl)guanine for ethylene oxide- and non-exposed workers.
PubMed: Reducing the impact of pesticides on biological control in Australian vineyards: pesticide mortality and fecundity effects on an indicator species, the predatory mite Euseius victoriensis (Acari: Phytoseiidae).
PubMed: Electrospinning of sodium alginate-pectin ultrafine fibers.
PubMed: Transport across the blood-brain barrier of pluronic leptin.
PubMed: Influence of surfactant structure on the contribution of micelles to Ostwald ripening in oil-in-water emulsions.
PubMed: Quantification of hydrophilic ethoxylates in polysorbate surfactants using diffusion H1 NMR spectroscopy.
PubMed: Effects of food-simulating liquids on the mechanical properties of a silorane-based dental composite.
PubMed: Influence of surfactants on the leaching of bentazone in a sandy loam soil.
PubMed: Supercritical carbon dioxide interpolymer complexes improve survival of B. longum Bb-46 in simulated gastrointestinal fluids.
PubMed: Detection of high molecular weight glutenin subunits in triticale (x Triticosecale Wittm.) Cultivars by capillary zone electrophoresis.
PubMed: Sterilization of ginseng using a high pressure CO2 at moderate temperatures.
PubMed: Comparing soluble and co-immobilized catalysts for 2-ketoaldose production by pyranose 2-oxidase and auxiliary enzymes.
PubMed: Micellization of PEO/PS block copolymers at the air/water interface: a simple model for predicting the size and aggregation number of circular surface micelles.
PubMed: Extraction and stability of ethylene oxide residue in medical devices.
PubMed: Ultra-fast simultaneous analysis of genetically modified organisms in maize by microchip electrophoresis with LIF detector.
PubMed: Exposure of hematopoietic stem cells to ethylene oxide during processing represents a potential carcinogenic risk for transplant recipients.
PubMed: Stabilization of hot-melt extrusion formulations containing solid solutions using polymer blends.
PubMed: Quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic determination of the oxyethylene group content of polysorbates.
PubMed: Overview of safety issues concerning the preparation and processing of soft-tissue allografts.
PubMed: Emission of ethylene oxide during frying of foods in soybean oil.
PubMed: Viridenepoxydiol, a new pentasubstituted oxiranyldecene produced by Trichoderma viride.
PubMed: Analysis of non-Newtonian liquids using a microfluidic capillary viscometer.
PubMed: Lilac alcohol epoxide: a linalool derivative in Actinidia arguta flowers.
PubMed: Solid-state stability and characterization of hot-melt extruded poly(ethylene oxide) films.
PubMed: Experimental microbial contamination and disinfection of dry (vapour) shipper dewars designed for short-term storage and transportation of cryopreserved germplasm and other biological specimens.
PubMed: Damage of office supply, personal use items, and over-the-counter medical devices after sterilization by ethylene oxide gas, electron beam, and gamma radiation.
PubMed: Critical aspects of analysis of Micrococcus luteus, Neisseria cinerea, and Pseudomonas fluorescens by means of capillary electrophoresis.
PubMed: Lessons unlearned.
PubMed: Improved synthesis and deployment of (2S,3R)-2-(2Z,5Z-octadienyl)-3-nonyloxirane, a pheromone of the pink moth, Lymantria mathura.
PubMed: Residual ethylene oxide in medical devices and device material.
PubMed: Allograft transplantation in the knee: tissue regulation, procurement, processing, and sterilization.
PubMed: Monitoring the migration behavior of living microorganisms in capillary electrophoresis using laser-induced fluorescence detection with a charge-coupled device imaging system.
PubMed: The effect of repeated ethylene oxide sterilization on the mechanical strength of synthetic absorbable sutures.
PubMed: The effects of use and simulated reuse on percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty balloons and catheters.
PubMed: Assessment of cancer risk from ethylene oxide residues in spices imported into New Zealand.
PubMed: Assessment of parameters associated to the risk of PVC catheter reuse.
PubMed: Investigating the molecular heterogeneity of polysorbate emulsifiers by MALDI-TOF MS.
PubMed: Efficacy of high-level disinfectants for reprocessing GI endoscopes in simulated-use testing.
PubMed: Flexible polymer-induced condensation and bundle formation of DNA and F-actin filaments.
PubMed: Solubilization of Hydrophilic Compounds in Copolymer Aggregates.
PubMed: Sodium dodecyl sulfate capillary electrophoresis of wheat proteins. 1. Uncoated capillaries.
PubMed: Surfactant effects on cuticular penetration of neutral polar compounds: dependence on humidity and temperature.
PubMed: Sporicidal activity of a new low-temperature sterilization technology: the Sterrad 50 sterilizer.
PubMed: In vitro and in vivo evaluation of a reusable double-channel sphincterotome.
PubMed: The composition of NF-defined emulsifiers: sorbitan monolaurate, monopalmitate, monostearate, monooleate, polysorbate 20, polysorbate 40, polysorbate 60, and polysorbate 80.
PubMed: Safety and efficacy of hydrogen peroxide plasma sterilization for repeated use of electrophysiology catheters.
PubMed: Clinical effectiveness of low-temperature sterilization technologies.
PubMed: [Risk evaluation and health surveillance in hospitals: a critical review and contributions regarding experience obtained at the S. Gerardo dei Tintori Hospital in Monza].
PubMed: Ethylene oxide on electrophysiology catheters following resterilization: implications for catheter reuse.
PubMed: Human skin in vitro percutaneous absorption of gaseous ethylene oxide from fabric.
PubMed: Reactions of epoxide monomers in food simulants used to test plastics for migration.
PubMed: [Contribution of natural mineral water to the iodine supply of the population].
PubMed: Reuse of disposable medical products.
PubMed: Neurophysiological and neuropathological evaluation of primates exposed to ethylene oxide and propylene oxide.
PubMed: [Latex allergy and orthopedic surgery].
PubMed: Irradiated versus fumigated spices in sausage.
PubMed: Ethylene oxide sterilization impairs allograft incorporation in a conduction chamber.
PubMed: Interlaboratory comparison of analytical methods for residual ethylene oxide at low concentration levels in medical device materials.
PubMed: Comparison of various immunochemical assays for the detection of ethylene oxide-DNA adducts with monoclonal antibodies against imidazole ring-opened N7-(2-hydroxyethyl)guanosine: application in a biological monitoring study.
PubMed: A cluster of anaphylactic reactions in children with spina bifida during general anesthesia: epidemiologic features, risk factors, and latex hypersensitivity.
PubMed: The carcinogenic potential of ethylene.
PubMed: Bioluminescence and spores as biological indicators of inimical processes.
PubMed: A "current contact news" follow-up: controversial subjects and those resulting in litigation.
PubMed: Immobilization of invertase through its carbohydrate moiety on Ocimum basilicum seed.
PubMed: Detection and quantitation of ethylene oxide, 2-chloroethanol, and ethylene glycol with capillary gas chromatography.
PubMed: Detection methods for irradiated food--luminescence and viscosity measurements.
PubMed: Ethylene oxide doses in ethene-exposed fruit store workers.
PubMed: Headspace--gas chromatographic determination of inorganic bromide residues in vegetables.
PubMed: Residual ethylene oxide determination in polymethyl methacrylate disks and intraocular lenses by headspace gas analysis and N,N-dimethylformamide extraction.
PubMed: Determination of ethylene oxide residues in processed food products by gas-liquid chromatography after derivatization.
PubMed: Gas chromatographic determination with electron capture detection of residual ethylene oxide in intraocular lenses.
PubMed: NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Ethylene Oxide (CAS No. 75-21-8) in B6C3F1 Mice (Inhalation Studies).
PubMed: 2-chloroethyl fatty acid esters as indicators of 2-chloroethanol in black walnuts, seasoning mixes, and spices.
PubMed: Anaphylactic shock caused by formaldehyde in a patient undergoing long-term hemodialysis.
PubMed: Frequency, size and location of brain tumours in F-344 rats chronically exposed to ethylene oxide.
PubMed: Mutation and enhanced virus transformation of cultured hamster cells by exposure to gaseous ethylene oxide.
PubMed: Three cases of hemodialysis-associated hypersensitivity reactions.
PubMed: Ethylene oxide.
PubMed: Biomonitoring of exposure to potential mutagens and carcinogens in industrial populations.
PubMed: Capsicum production, technology, chemistry, and quality. Part 1: History, botany, cultivation, and primary processing.
PubMed: Consensus guidelines for product sterilization.
PubMed: [The problem of Salmonella contamination of untreated dried products in the food industry].
PubMed: Chromosome damage from ethylene oxide.
PubMed: FDA prepares response to questions on sponge safety.
PubMed: Detection of acrylonitrile and ethylene oxide in air and fumigated foodstuffs.
PubMed: [On the problems in respect ot the formation of N-nitroso compound precursors when using alkylating agents in the fumigation of foodstuffs. I. Investigations of the formation of secondary amines by the action of ethylene oxide on primary amines and amino acids (author's transl)].
PubMed: Mutagenicity of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide and of the glycols and halohydrins formed from them during the fumigation of foodstuffs.
PubMed: Determination of ethylene oxide, ethylene chlorohydrin, and ethylene glycol residues in ophthalmic solutions at proposed concentration limits.
PubMed: Mass spectrometric identification and gas-liquid chromatographic determination of 2-chloroethyl esters of fatty acids in spices and foods.
PubMed: Ethylene oxide, ethylene chlorohydrin, and ethylene glycol: proposed maximum residue limits and maximum levels of exposure.
PubMed: Control of salmonella in frog legs by chemical & physical methods.
PubMed: [Preservation of bread and pastry products in a controlled atmosphere].
PubMed: The effect of methods of sterilization on the nutritive value of protein in a commercial rat diet.
PubMed: Ethylene oxide residues in sterilized medical devices.
PubMed: FDA issues guidelines for ETO sterilization.
PubMed: Role of packaging in ethylene oxide sterilization.
PubMed: Mutagenicity of ethylene chlorohydrin. A degradation product present in foodstuffs exposed to ethylene oxide.
PubMed: EO: despite call for FDA action, research goes on.
PubMed: [Stabilization of bread by a gaseous procedure: description of a method and study of a product obtained by experiment].
PubMed: [Bread stabilization by gaseous method: description of a process and study of the product experimentally obtained].
PubMed: Survey of analytical methods available for the estimation of some food additives in food.
PubMed: [Determination and levels of ethylene oxide (oxirane) and its derivatives in bread treated with this fumigant].
PubMed: [Long-term toxicity study of bread treated with ethylene oxide (oxirane)].
PubMed: Acute toxicity and 5-week feeding studies of lubrol PX in rodents.
PubMed: [Microbiological characteristics of a bread preserved with ethylene oxide].
PubMed: Formation of ethylene bromohydrin in flour and wheat during treatment with ethylene oxide.
PubMed: Fumigant residues in wheat and flour: solvent extraction and gas-chromatographic determination of free methyl bromide and ethylene oxide.
PubMed: [Studies on the possibilities of disinfection with ethylene oxide in plastic bags].
PubMed: Determination of ethylene chlorohydrin, ethylene dibromide and other volatile fumigant residues in flour and whole wheat.
PubMed: Effects of ethylene oxide on the tissue and flora of fresh and freeze dried cod fillets.
PubMed: Use of gaseous antimicrobial agents with special reference to ethylene oxide.
PubMed: Acute and short-term oral toxicity in rats of RD 025, a propylene glycol-ethylene oxide copolymer.
PubMed: Determination of 18 to 22 mole ethoxymers in nine mole ethylene oxide adduct of p-nonylphenol.
PubMed: The basis of improver action in flour doughs.
PubMed: Nutritional impact of modern food processing.
PubMed: The sterilisation of laboratory animal diet by ethylene oxide.
PubMed: OBSERVATIONS ON AUTOCLAVED, FUMIGATED AND IRRADIATED DIETS FOR BREEDING MICE.
PubMed: Fumigation of jute bags with ethylene oxide and methyl bromide to eradicate potato ring rot bacteria.
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